東沙環礁位於南海北端，為一半封閉的珊瑚礁潟湖，環礁南北兩側各有一出水口，為環礁內部與外界進行水流交換的主要通道。由於終年受南海表層流及氣候的影響，環礁內海域水文特徵及浮游生物群聚呈現明顯的空間及季節性變異。本研究旨在探討2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域毛顎類之種類組成及數量分佈，並進一步瞭解周邊水文因子與其群聚動態的關聯性。研究結果共鑑定出毛顎類3科13屬29種，全年毛顎類的平均豐度為605 ± 241 ind./100m3。前5優勢種依序為Flaccisagitta enflata、Serratosagitta pacifica、Ferosagitta robusta、Aidanosagitta regularis及Aidanosagitta delicata，合占全部毛顎類數量的74%。毛顎類豐度呈明顯的季節變化，以春季(4月)時最高，冬季(2月)次之，夏(8月)秋(10月)兩季皆低；以複迴歸分析結果顯示，毛顎類豐度與橈足類豐度呈顯著正相關，與Chl a濃度呈顯著負相關；而種類數與溫度及Chl a呈顯著負相關，與橈足類豐度呈顯著正相關；種歧異度則與Chl a濃度呈顯著負相關。優勢種生長期皆以Stage I最多，且以秋季時的數量最豐，而冬春兩季時成熟個體出現的比例相對較高，推論東沙環礁海域毛顎類的主要成熟期應是冬季及春季。主要優勢種體長多以春季時最大。東沙環礁海域毛顎類群聚及水文特徵的時空分佈可說是受到氣候及各種物理作用所交互影響，而無法以單一的因子來加以詮釋。

DongSha Atoll, locates in the northern South China Sea, is a semi-enclosed reef lagoon with two openings at the northwest and southwest parts. It usually influenced by the South China Sea Surface Current and climate changes, and thus, exhibited clear seasonal and spatial variations in hydrological conditions and plankton assemblages. The goals of this research are to investigate the species composition and distribution of the chaetognaths in the Atoll from February to October in 2011, and to evaluate their relationships with hydrological factors. In total, 29 chaetognath species, belonging to 13 genera and 3 families, were found in our samples, with an average abundance of 605 ± 241 ind./100m3. Flaccisagitta enflata, Serratosagitta pacifica, Ferosagitta robusta, Aidanosagitta regularis and Aidanosagitta delicata were the six predominant species and accounted for 74% of the total chaetognaths. Chaetognaths exhibited clear seasonal changes in abundance, higher in spring and lower in summer and fall. The results of multiple regression showed that, chaetognath abundance was positively correlated with copepod abundance and negatively with Chl a, species number was negatively correlated with temperature and Chl a, and positive with copepod abundance; species diversity was negatively correlated with Chl a. The predominant species were mostly found in Stage I of life history, especially in fall. We propose that the main maturation period of chaetognath was in winter and spring when individuals of mature stage were higher. Most predominant species had the largest average body lengths in spring. In conclusion, climate change and physical processes, such as monsoon, typhoon, tide, and internal wave, which together may affect the hydrological condition in DogshaAtoll, seem to be the key factors to interactively influence the seasonal and spatial distribution of chaetognaths.

摘要................................................................................................................................i
Abstract .........................................................................................................................ii
目錄..............................................................................................................................iii
表目錄...........................................................................................................................v
圖目錄..........................................................................................................................vii
附錄目錄........................................................................................................................x
一、前言.........................................................................................................................1
1-1 東沙環礁水文環境........................................................................................1
1-2 毛顎類簡介....................................................................................................2
1-3毛顎類研究之回顧.........................................................................................4
1-4 研究目的........................................................................................................5
二、材料方法................................................................................................................7
2-1 採樣時間地點及方法....................................................................................7
2-2 樣本處理與鑑種............................................................................................7
2-3 水文及環境資料收集....................................................................................8
2-4 水文資料分析................................................................................................8
2-5毛顎類資料分析.............................................................................................9
三、結果........................................................................................................................11
3-1 水文環境……………..................................................................................11
3-2 水文站群分析..............................................................................................13
3-3 毛顎類種類組成…………………………………………………………..13
3-4 毛顎類豐度、種類數及種歧度之時空變化……………………………....14
3-5 優勢種豐度在表深層間、季節間及測站間之時空分佈............................16
3-6 毛顎類的種類群集分析..............................................................................19
3-7 毛顎類與環境因子之相關性分析..............................................................19
3-8 毛顎類生長期及體長的時空分佈..............................................................20
四、討論.......................................................................................................................26
4-1環境因子的探討...........................................................................................26
4-2種類組成及時空分佈探討...........................................................................27
4-3豐度及種類數在季節及測站之間的變化...................................................31
4-4體長及成熟度的分析...................................................................................33
五、結論........................................................................................................................36
六、參考文獻................................................................................................................37


表目錄
1. 2011年2月至10月期間於東沙環礁海域各測站之表層海水溫度( Temperature )、鹽度( Salinity )及葉綠素a( Chl a )資料…………………………………...……43
2. 2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域表層海水溫度( Temperature )、鹽度( Salinity )及葉綠素a( Chl a )於各季及各測站間之變方分析 (ANOVA)...….44
3. 2011年2月至10月期間於東沙環礁海域各測站之深層海水溫度( Temperature )、鹽度( Salinity )及葉綠素a( Chl a )資料…………………..………………….....45
4. 2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域深層海水溫度( Temperature )、鹽度( Salinity )及葉綠素a( Chl a )於各季及各測站間之變方分析 (ANOVA)..........46
5. 東沙環礁海域表深層間海水溫度( Temperature )、鹽度( Salinity )及葉綠素a( Chl a )之成對樣本t檢定(pair-t)………………………………………….…47
6. 2011年2月至10月期間於東沙環礁海域所發現之毛顎類種類表………….….48
7. 2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域毛顎類之平均豐度( Mean ± SE, ind./100m3 )、相對豐度( RA, ％ )、出現頻率( OR, ％ )及優勢度指數(Y)..…49
8. 2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域毛顎類豐度(Abundance, LOG)、種類數(Species number)及歧異度(H’)在表深層間之成對樣本t檢定 pair-t............... 50
9. 2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域表層毛顎類豐度(Abundance, LOG)、種類數(Species number)與種歧異度(H')於各季節及各測站間差異之變方分析(ANOVA)………………………………………………………………..…....…….51
10. 2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域深層毛顎類豐度(Abundance)、種類數(Species number)與種歧異度(H')於各季節及各測站間差異之變方分析(ANOVA)…………………………………………...……………………..………..52
11. 2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域毛顎類之總豐度(Abundance)、種類數(Species number)、種歧異度(H')、及前五優勢種與海水溫度(Temperature)、鹽度(Salinity)、葉綠素a(Chl a)及橈足類總豐度(Copeopd abundance)之複迴歸分析……………………………………..…………………………………..……53
12. 2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域表層前五優勢種毛顎類平均體長(Average Body Length，ABL)於季節間差異之變方分析 (ANOVA)…...……..53
13. 2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域前五優勢種毛顎類平均體長(Average Body Length，ABL)與海水溫度(Temperature)、鹽度(Salinity)、葉綠素a(Chl a)及橈足類總豐度(Copeopd abundance)之複迴歸分析………………………...54
14. 2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域表層前五優勢種毛顎類加權生長期(Weighted Mean Stage，WMS)於季節間差異之變方分析(ANOVA)……........54
15. 2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域前五優勢種毛顎類加權生長期(Weighted Mean Stage，WMS)與海水溫度(Temperature)、鹽度(Salinity)、葉綠素a(Chl a)及橈足類總豐度(Copeopd abundance)之複迴歸分析...............55
16. 2011年2月至10月期間東沙環礁海域所發現毛顎類之地理分佈(Geographical distribution)、棲息深度(Depth)及生態區分(Ecological distribution)……...…..56
17. 本研究結果與其他毛顎類研究文獻之綜合分析比較表………….…………..57
圖目錄
1. 東沙環礁海域採樣測站示意圖………………………………………….………58
2. 東沙環礁海域表深層海水溫度變化直條圖………………...…………...……...59
3. 東沙環礁海域表深層海水鹽度變化直條圖..………..…………..…………...…59
4. 東沙環礁海域表深層海水葉綠素a變化直條圖………………………………..59
5. 2011年東沙環礁海域表層四季等溫線圖..............................................................60
6. 2011年東沙環礁海域表層四季等鹽線圖…………………………………….….61
7. 2011年東沙環礁海域表層四季等葉綠素a線圖……………………………...…62
8. 2011年東沙環礁海域表層各測站水文群集分析圖……………………………..63
9. 2011年東沙環礁海域四季表層水文測站群集分析圖……………..……………64
10. 東沙環礁海域毛顎類四季表層豐度變化折線圖…………………….………..65
11. 東沙環礁海域毛顎類四季表層種數變化折線圖………………………….…..65
12. 東沙環礁海域毛顎類四季表層種歧異度變化折線圖………………………...65
13. 2011年東沙環礁表層海域毛顎類四季豐度分佈圖…………………………...66
14. 2011年東沙環礁深層海域毛顎類三季豐度分佈圖…………………………....67
15. 2011年東沙環礁表層海域毛顎類四季種類數分佈圖………………………....68
16. 2011年東沙環礁海域深層毛顎類三季種類數分佈圖…………………...…….69
17. 2011年東沙環礁海域表層四季毛顎類種歧異度分佈圖………………………70
18. 2011年東沙環礁海域深層三季毛顎類種歧異度分佈圖………...………….…71
19. Flaccisagitta enflata四季表層豐度直條圖…….………………...…………..…72
20. Flaccisagitta enflata四季表層豐度分佈圖..…...…………………..….........…..72
21. Flaccisagitta enflata三季深層豐度分佈圖…………..…..….........................….73
22. Serratosagitta pacifica四季表層豐度直條圖…………..................................….74
23. Serratosagitta pacifica四季表層豐度分佈圖……………………….........….….74
24. Serratosagitta pacifica三季深層豐度分佈圖…………………......................….75
25. Ferosagitta robusta四季表層豐度直條圖………..…..............................….…...76
26. Ferosagitta robusta四季表層豐度分佈圖……….........................................…...76
27. Ferosagitta robusta三季深層豐度分佈圖……………........................................77
28. Aidanosagitta regularis四季表層豐度直條圖……..………….......……………78
29. Aidanosagitta regularis四季表層豐度分佈圖…………....................………….78
30. Aidanosagitta regularis三季深層豐度分佈圖……………..................................79
31. Aidanosagitta delicata四季表層豐度直條圖……………..………..…...………80
32. Aidanosagitta delicata四季表層豐度分佈圖……………………………..….....80
33. Aidanosagitta delicata三季深層豐度分佈圖………………...........................…81
34. 東沙環礁海域毛顎類種類群集分析圖............................................……….......82
35. Flaccisagitta enflata四季平均加權體長(Mean ABL, µm)變化圖….......….......83
36. Flaccisagitta enflata四季表層加權體長(ABL, µm)分佈圖…............................83
37. Flaccisagitta enflata 各季生長期(stage)比例圖…..............................................84
38. Flaccisagitta enflata四季表層加權生長期(Weighted Mean Stage, WMS)
分佈圖..................................................................................................................84
39. Serratosagitta pacifica四季平均加權體長(Mean ABL, µm)變化圖…...............85
40. Serratosagitta pacifica四季加權表層體長(ABL, µm)分佈圖….........................85
41. Serratosagitta pacifica各季生長期(stage)比例圖…............................................86
42. Serratosagitta pacifica四季表層加權生長期(Weighted Mean Stage, WMS)
分佈圖…..............................................................................................................86
43. Ferosagitta robusta四季平均加權體長(Mean ABL, µm)變化圖……................87
44. Ferosagitta robusta四季表層加權體長(ABL, µm)分佈圖..................................87
45. Ferosagitta robusta 各季生長期(stage)比例圖...................................................88
46. Ferosagitta robusta四季表層加權生長期(Weighted Mean Stage, WMS)
分佈圖..................................................................................................................88
47. Aidanosagitta regularis四季平均加權體長(Mean ABL, µm)變化圖..................89
48. Aidanosagitta regularis四季表層加權體長(ABL, µm)分佈圖...........................89
49. Aidanosagitta regularis各季生長期(stage)比例圖...............................................90
50. Aidanosagitta regularis四季表層加權生長期(Weighted Mean Stage, WMS)
分佈圖..................................................................................................................90
51. Aidanosagitta delicata四季平均加權體長(Mean ABL, µm)變化圖...................91
52. Aidanosagitta delicata四季表層加權體長(ABL, µm)分佈圖.............................91
53. Aidanosagitta delicata各季生長期(stage)比例圖................................................92
54. Aidanosagitta delicata四季表層加權生長期(Weighted Mean Stage, WMS)
分佈圖..................................................................................................................92
附錄目錄
1. 不同生長期之毛顎類生殖腺變化情形…………………….……………………93

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