麥金泰爾是當代復興德行倫理學的重要人物，在八十年代之自由主義與社群主義之爭當中，被劃歸為社群主義陣營主要思想家之一。本文要旨首先在於考掘青年麥金泰爾之馬克思主義理論意涵，以研究對象本身的思想發展脈絡敘事為章節鋪排，釐清其前期與後期思想的連貫性與歧異性，指出麥金泰爾理解之現代性危機，及其超克異化的理論企圖一以貫之，特別是對於資本主義經濟體制與自由主義個體論的批判，其思想之複雜內涵非社群主義此一標籤所能論盡。
麥金泰爾剖析現代性危機所形成的問題意識，本文概分為「應然–實然」、「理論–實踐」、「個體–整體」、「哲學–歷史」等四組對立二分的概念，超克異化的理論前提在於重新聯結四組對立概念的辨證關係–青年麥金泰爾結合馬克思主義與基督教神學以回應這些問題意識，後期麥金泰爾則轉而自亞里斯多德與阿奎那處汲取理論資源。除了重新闡述德行概念在倫理學的重要作用外，突破現代社會工具理性的侷限以重建目的理性，並將理性概念立基於與傳統的辨證關係當
中，亦為後期麥金泰爾重要的理論創造。

Alasdair MacIntyre is one of the key philosophers in contemporary revival of virtue ethics, and often labeled as a representative of communitarianism in liberal-communitarian debate. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a narrative of the development of MacIntyre's philosophy, from his early Marxist thought to the later virtue ethics, and to examine the continuities and discrepancies between different stages of his philosophy. This thesis argues that the central theme of MacIntyre's philosophy is a diagnosis of the crisis of modernity and the ways through which we can overcome the predicament of alienation. In other words, MacIntyre's critique of capitalism and liberalist individualism shows the sophistication of his political
thought and therefore cannot simply be described as "communitarian."
To demonstrate MacIntyre's analysis of the crisis of modernity, this thesis focuses on four sets of binary concepts that constitute the foundations of his critiques, that is, "is-ought", "theory-practice", "individualism-holism", and "philosophy-history". The key to his theory of overcoming alienation, in this interpretation, is to understand the dialectic relations within each set of binary concepts respectively. This thesis illustrates how young MacIntyre tried to combine Marxism and Christian theology to answer these problematics, as well as how the later MacIntyre turned to Aristotle and Aquinas for theoretical inspirations. Aside from re-articulating the role of virtues in ethics, other MacIntyre's important theoretical innovations include transcending modern instrumental rationality by elevating the significance of teleological rationality and reconstructing the dynamic
relations between rationality and traditions.

目 次
第一章 導論 1
第二章 青年麥金泰爾
第一節 馬克思主義：基督教的詮釋 11
第二節 新左派的糾葛 20
第三節 從黑格爾到馬克思：自由與理性 23
第四節 尋求實踐的道德基礎 28
第三章 追尋德行
第一節 道德概念的歷史社會脈絡 36
第二節 啟蒙方案的失敗與現代性情境 45
第三節 實踐體、德行與傳統 52
第四章 理性與傳統
第一節 正義與實踐理性 65
第二節 理性構成的傳統與傳統構成的理性 74
結論 80
參考文獻 83

壹、麥金泰爾著作
一．專著與文集
1953 Marxism : An Interpretation. Londom: SCM Press.
1957 “The Logical Status of Religious Belief” in A. MacIntyre, S. Toulmin and R.W. Hepburn, Metaphysical Beliefs. London: SCM Press.
1959 Difficulties in Christian Belief. London: SCM Press.
1966 (2nd ed. 1998) A Short History of Ethics. London: Routledge.
1967 Secularization and Moral Change. London: OUP.
1968 (2nd ed. 1995) Marxism & Christianity. London: Duckworth.
1970 Herbert Marcuse: An Exposition and a Polemic. London: Viking.
1971 Against the Self-Images of the Age. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
1981 (3rd ed. 2007) After Virtue: A study in Moral Theory. Notre Dame:
University of Notre Dame Press.
1988 Whose Justice? Which Rationality? Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
1990 Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry: Encyclopaedia, Genealogy, and
Tradition. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
1999 Dependent Rational Animals: Why Human Beings Need the Virtues. Illinois: Open Court.
2006 Tasks of Philosophy: Selected Essays, Volume 1. Cambridge: CUP.
二．論文
1958-9 “Notes from the Moral wilderness” in Blackledge, Paul and Neil
Davidson (eds) 2008, pp.45-68.
1959a “The ‘New Left’ ” in ibid., pp. 87-93.
1959b “What is Marxist Theory For?” in ibid., pp. 95-103.
1960a “Freedom and Revolution” in ibid., pp. 123-34.
1960b “Breaking the Chains of Reason” in ibid., pp. 135-66
1987 “Practical Rationality as Form of Social Structure” in Kelvin Knight
(ed.) 1998, pp.120-35.
1991a “An Interview with Giovanna Borradori” in ibid., pp.255-66.
1991b “An Interview for Cogito” in ibid., pp-267-75.
1997 “Politics, Philosophy and the Common Good” in ibid., pp-235-54.
貳、英文文獻
Aristotle
2000 Nicomachan Ethics. ed. and trans. by Roger Crisp. Cambridge: CUP
Arblaster, Anthony
1984 The Rise and Decline of Western Liberalism. Oxford: Blackwell.
Avineri, Shlomo and Avner de-Shalit (eds)
1992 Communitarianism and Individualism. Oxford: OUP.
Blackledge, Paul and Neil Davidson
2008 “Introduction: the Unknown Alasdair MacIntyre” in Blackledge, Paul and Neil Davidson 2008, pp. xiii-l.
Blackledge, Paul and Neil Davidson (eds)
2008 Alasdair MacIntyre’s Engagement with Marxism: Selected Writings 1953-1974. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV.
Blackledge, Paul
2005 “Freedom Desire and Revolution: Alasdair Macintyre’s Marxist Ethics”, History of Political Thought, 26, 4, pp. 696-720
2008 “Morality and Revolution: Ethical Debates in the British New Left”, Critique, Volume 35, Number 2, August 2007, pp. 211-228
2009 “Alasdair MacIntyre: Social Practices, Marxism and Ethical Anti-
Capitalism”, Political Studies, 57, 866-44
D’andrea, Thomas D.
2006 Tradition, Rationality And Virtues: The Thought of Alasdair MacIntyre.
VT: Ashgate.
Dworkin, Dennis
1997 Cultural Marxism in Postwar Britain: History, the New Left, and the Origins of Cultural Studies. Durham: Duke University Press.
Graham, Gordan
2003 “MacIntyre on History and Philosophy.” in Murphy 2003, pp. 10-37.
Haldane, John
1994 “MacIntyre’s Thomistic Revival: What Next?” in Horton and Mendus
1994, pp. 91-107.
Horton, John and Susan Mendus
1994 “Alasdair MacIntyre: After Virtue and After.” in Horton and Mendus
1994, pp. 1-15.
Horton, John and Susan Mendus (eds.)
1994 After MacIntyre: Critical Perspectives in the Work of Alasdair MacIntyre.
Cambridge: Polity Press.
Knight, Kelvin
1998 “Introduction” Kelvin, Knight (ed.) The MacIntyre Reader. Notre Dame:
University of Notre Dame Press., pp. 1-27.
2007 Aristotelian Philosophy：Ethics and Politics from Aristotle to MacIntyre.
Cambridge: Polity Press.
Lutz, Christopher Stephen
2004
Tradition in the Ethics of Alasdair MacIntyre: Relativism, Thomism, and
Philosophy. Oxford: Lexington Books.
Marx, Karl
1988 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. trans. by Martin
Milligan. New York: Prometheus Books.
McMylor, Peter
1994 Alasdair MacIntyre: Critic of Modernity. London: Routledge.
2008 “Marxism and Christianity: Dependencies and Differences in Alasdair MacIntyre's Critical Social Thought”, Theoria 55:116, pp. 45-66.
Mulhall, Stephen and Adam Swift (eds.)
1992 Liberals and Communitarians. Oxford: Blackwell.
Murphy, Mark C. (ed.)
2003 Alasdair MacIntyre. Cambridge: CUP..
Nussbaum, Martha C.
1989 “Recoiling from Reason.” Review of Whose Justice？Which
Rationality？ by Alasdair MacIntyre. New York Review of Books 36,
no.19, pp. 36-41.
Sandel, Michael J.
1992 “The Procedural Republic and the Unencumbered Self” in Avineri and
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Sandel, Michael J. (ed.)
1984 Liberalism and Its Critics. New York: New York University Press.
Vokey, Daniel
2000
“ MacIntyre and the Catch-22 of Aristotelian Moral Education.” Philosophy of Education 2001, pp. 192-199.
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