大鵬灣國家風景區以處理周邊生活污水和養殖廢水為宗旨，評估並設計六個鹹水型人工濕地，以種植各種濕地植物及不同的水質處理單元，盼能透過濕地的自淨功能達到削減污染物，淨化水質的功效。根據近幾年於大鵬灣鹹水型人工濕地進行水質監測，發現紅樹林有越來越茂盛之趨勢，但無法得知紅樹林茂盛與水質之間的關係。因此，本研究探討欖李、海茄苳、紅海欖三種紅樹植物於鹹水型人工濕地廢水處理的應用，並以實驗室規模的研究設計人工濕地模槽來嘗試種植紅樹林(包含未種植組、紅樹林兩株、紅樹林六株)，探討對於水質處理的情況。研究顯示，紅樹林於批次實驗的系統中，種植欖李會使鹽度下降，種植海茄苳及紅海欖會使鹽度上升，且種植密度有助於鹽度升降。種植三種紅樹植物的模槽於第一天氨氮快速下降，至五天後，系統對於總氮及總磷去除效率分別為81.74±1.86%與85.8±4.54%。若以紅樹物種來說明，總氮去除效率為種植欖李與紅海欖系統較優，海茄苳次之。總磷去除效率則是種植紅海欖系統較優，海茄苳次之，欖李最後。以紅樹密度的角度而言，欖李在高密度種植的情況下，可以產生較好的去除效果，而海茄苳及紅海欖在高密度的種植情況下，對於總氮及總磷去除效果則較差，結果顯示紅樹種植的密度對於含氮營養鹽的去除效果影響並不大。上述於實驗室研究的成果與大鵬灣人工濕地現場紅樹林高地密度區的水質成果比較，可證實現場污染物與營養鹽去除率的提升與紅樹林植物相趨於完整有關。最後以實驗結果、現地資料、紅樹植物生長狀況三者討論，建議選擇以種子繁殖的欖李與海茄苳為濕地適合栽種之紅樹植物，且經過案例及現地研究的探討，可說明紅樹林種植的最適合密度需考量各濕地情形，進行評斷與疏伐。

In order to deal with wastewaters from the salty water aquacultural ponds and community households in the adjacent areas, the Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area Administration constructed six salty water types of constructed wetland system, in which a variety of wetland plant species were selected to be planted in different water treatment units to achieve reduction of pollutants through self-purification function of wetland systems. According to the surveying results in Dapeng Bay Salty Water Types of Constructed wetlands, we found that mangroves grew fast. However, we still did not know the relationship between the mangroves growing thrives and water quality.
In this study, we explored three mangrove species of Lumnitzera racemosa , Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa in these salty water types constructed wetland wastewater treatment systems. In this study, the laboratory scale constructed wetland model tank was designed to plant mangrove, including unplanted, mangrove*2 and mangrove*6, as a way to explore the situation of wastewater treatment. The experimental results showed that when the mangrove species were planted in still water system, the species of Lumnitzera racemosa was found able to increase the salinity, while the species of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa were found able to decrease the salinity. We also found that planting density could help to lift the salinity. In additions, ammonia nitrogen concentration in three mangrove species systems were found declined rapidly in the first day until five days later of residence time. Meanwhile, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal efficiencies were measured equal to 81.74 ± 1.86% and 85.8 ± 4.54% respectively. Based on total nitrogen removal efficiencies, the mangrove species of Lumnitzera racemosa and Rhizophora stylosa were illustrated the better performance, and the species of Avicennia marina followed. For total phosphorus removal efficiencies, the systems with the species of Rhizophora stylosa was achieved well, and the system with species of Avicennia marina followed, and the system with the species of Lumnitzera racemosa was last. To illustrate the mangrove density the species of Lumnitzera racemosa in the case of high-density planting, we found that exhibited better removal effect than the species of Avicennia marina based on the relationship derived by regressions and Rhizophora stylosa in the case of high-density planting, showed poor removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, which was concluded that the mangrove planting density did not affect the removal of nitrogenous nutrients.
Comparing the experimental results by planting different species of mangroves for monitoring water quality through both studies by laboratory and the outside salty water types constructed wetland systems in the Dapeng Bay, we found that the removal efficiencies of contaminants and nutrients could be enhanced by planting mangroves. According to the experimental results, in situ data, growth conditions of mangrove species to be explored and selected, we recommended Lumnitzera racemosa and Avicennia marina, learned by the relationships derived by regressions propagated by seed. After both the case and present studies we found that the most suitable density of planting mangroves must be consider by different wetland situations, through judgment and thinning.

誌謝 ............................................................................................................................... I
摘要 ............................................................................................................................. II
Abstract ...................................................................................................................... III
目錄 ............................................................................................................................. V
圖目錄 ....................................................................................................................... VII
表目錄 ........................................................................................................................ IX
第一章 前言 ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 研究緣起........................................................................................................ 1
1.2 研究目標........................................................................................................ 3
第二章 文獻回顧 ........................................................................................................ 5
2.1濕地背景介紹 ................................................................................................. 5
2.1.1 濕地定義 ............................................................................................. 5
2.1.2 濕地分類與型態 ................................................................................. 6
2.1.3 濕地的結構與組成.............................................................................. 8
2.1.4 濕地功能與價值 ................................................................................. 9
2.2 人工濕地介紹 .............................................................................................. 11
2.2.1 人工濕地概念 ................................................................................... 11
2.2.2 人工濕地類型 ................................................................................... 14
2.3 人工濕地去除污染物機制介紹 ................................................................... 18
2.3.1 人工濕地去除機制概論 .................................................................... 18
2.3.2 氮的去除機制 ................................................................................... 21
2.3.3 磷的去除機制 ................................................................................... 25
2.3.4 pH值變化 .......................................................................................... 26
2.4 紅樹林背景介紹 .......................................................................................... 27
2.4.1 紅樹林由來及分布現況 .................................................................... 27
2.4.2 紅樹林植物基本介紹 ........................................................................ 28
2.4.3 紅樹林功能 ....................................................................................... 31
2.4.4 紅樹林去除污染物之相關研究 ........................................................ 32
2.5 研究區域背景介紹 ...................................................................................... 35
第三章 材料與方法 ................................................................................................... 39
3.1 研究流程介紹 .............................................................................................. 39
3.1.1 研究流程概述 ................................................................................... 39
3.1.2 研究流程架構圖 ............................................................................... 40
3.2 大鵬灣右岸濕地A區人工濕地調查及監測 ............................................... 41
3.2.1 紅樹物種及密度調查 ........................................................................ 41
3.2.2 大鵬灣右岸濕地A區水質監測分析 ................................................ 42
3.3 批次實驗介紹 .............................................................................................. 42
3.3.1 模槽設計 ........................................................................................... 42
3.3.2 實驗方法與設計 ............................................................................... 43
3.3.3 批次實驗進流水來源及配置 ............................................................ 43
3.3.4 批次實驗模槽環境條件 .................................................................... 45
3.4 儀器設備及分析方法 .................................................................................. 46
3.4.1 水質採樣方法及保存方法 ................................................................ 46
3.4.2 各水質項目分析方法 ........................................................................ 47
3.4.3 資料處理與統計分析 ........................................................................ 48
3.4.4 土壤含水率與總生菌 ........................................................................ 49
第四章 結果與討論 ................................................................................................... 51
4.1 大鵬灣右岸濕地A區紅樹林與水質比較 ................................................... 51
4.1.1 大鵬灣右岸濕地A區紅樹林高低密度基本資料............................. 51
4.1.2 大鵬灣右岸濕地A區紅樹林高低密度生長狀況比較 ..................... 54
4.1.3 大鵬灣右岸濕地A區紅樹林高低密度水質比較............................. 55
4.2 紅樹植物批次實驗 ...................................................................................... 67
4.2.1 紅樹植物馴養生長情形 .................................................................... 67
4.2.2 紅樹植物批次實驗基本資料及現場監測結果 ................................. 68
4.2.3 紅樹植物批次實驗氮、磷營養鹽的變化 ......................................... 74
4.3.4 紅樹植物批次實驗去除效率與總生菌結果 ..................................... 87
4.3 紅樹林疏伐案例與結果討論 ....................................................................... 94
4.3.1 紅樹林疏伐案例 ............................................................................... 94
4.3.2 紅樹林疏伐結果討論 ........................................................................ 97
第五章 結論與建議 ................................................................................................... 99
5.1 結論 ............................................................................................................ 99
5.2 建議 .......................................................................................................... 101
第六章 參考文獻 .................................................................................................... 103
附錄一 各批次實驗之變異數相關分析 .................................................................. 109
附錄二 T檢定分析 ................................................................................................. 113
附錄三 照片部分 ................................................................................................. 115

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