人工濕地系統後段，大多為開放水域與深水池，如經營管理不善，人工濕地內無定期收割與清除底泥沉積物，易造成底泥營養鹽的再溶出，使水中營養鹽濃度提升。因此可應用人工浮島技術，利用浮島本身的遮光效應，加上種植水生植物與根系上的微生物吸收營養鹽，限制藻類之生長因子，增加人工濕地系統的穩定性。
本研究的目的為探討人工浮島於改善鹽沼型人工濕地後段單元優養化現象之可行性，分為兩個階段探討，第一階段植物選擇先就鹽定、濱水菜、狗牙根、馬鞍藤四種耐鹽植物做馴養，測試耐鹽度與生長速度，從中挑選出適合的植物進行第二階段。第二階段為浮島實驗，針對浮島不同的土壤介質(無土壤、培養土、泥碳土)、浮島的遮蔽率(13%、19.5%、32.5%)、不同浮島植物(鹽定、濱水菜)的水質淨化能力、以及水力停留時間做探討。研究結果發現鹽定與濱水菜皆有相當高的耐鹽性(>25‰)，與一定程度的耐水性；浮島以不使用土壤為佳，減少土壤介質成為水中營養鹽來源的可能性；遮蔽率結果顯示人工浮島有機氮的去除與遮蔽率成反比，葉綠素a的去除與遮蔽率成正比；兩種植物以濱水菜的去除率、生長情況為佳；而總氮最佳去除率出現在停留時間第十三天，去除率達82.4%。

The final parts of constructed wetland systems are often designed as deep open water pools .Once the management work is poor, which means that no regularly harvested and cleared sediments are achieved, the nutrients in sediment could be easily re-dissolved and thus increased the nutrient concentrations in water causing eutrophication and algal bloom. Artificial floating island technology can be applied to contend algae in water by using the shading effect of floating island, planting aquatic plants on floating island, and the microorganisms on the roots. In additions, it also can reduce the algal bloom by nutrient competition against algae.
In this study we investigate the feasibility of using artificial floating island to ameliorate the phenomenon of algal bloom in salt marsh type constructed wetlands. The tests of this study were divided in two parts. The first part is plant selection. Four species of coastal beach plants including Suaeda nudiflora, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Cynodon dactylon, Ipomoea pes-caprae were selected. To test their salt tolerance and growth rates. Then, the best performance one would be selected as the plant species for next part of tests. The second part of tests as run as floating island technique test. In the test, we investigated the effect of different soil, coverage, vegetation and residence time in the floating island systems. The experimental results showed that the species of Suaeda nudiflora and Sesuvium portulacastrum could handle higher salinity(>25‰). When we used floating island technique, it is better that we do not use soil, because soil might become a source of nutrients discharging into water. The experimental results of coverage test showed that coverage was inversely proportional to the removal of organic nitrogen, and proportional to the removal of chlorophyll a and coverage. Among two species of kind of vegetations we selected, Sesuvium portulacastrum was found having better nutrient removal and growth rates. The best total nitrogen removal efficiency was found occurring in day 13 with the number of 82.4%.

目錄
誌謝 ................................................................................................. I
摘要 ................................................................................................ II
圖目錄 ....................................................................................... VIII
表目錄 ........................................................................................... X
第一章 前言 .................................................................................. 1
1.1 研究動機 ................................................................................................. 1
1.2 研究目標 ................................................................................................. 2
第二章 文獻回顧 .......................................................................... 3
2.1 生態工程 ................................................................................................. 3
2.2 濕地定義與功能 ..................................................................................... 4
2.2.1 國際上的定義 .............................................................................. 4
2.2.2 美國的定義 .................................................................................. 5
2.2.3 加拿大的定義 .............................................................................. 5
2.2.4 中國大陸的定義 .......................................................................... 5
2.2.5 台灣的定義 .................................................................................. 6
2.2.6 濕地的功能 .................................................................................. 6
2.3 人工濕地介紹 ......................................................................................... 8
2.3.1 人工濕地分類 .............................................................................. 9
2.3.2 人工濕地之類型 ........................................................................ 10
2.4 人工濕地水質淨化機制 ....................................................................... 13
2.4.1 懸浮顆粒(Suspended solids) ...................................................... 14
2.4.2 有機物(Organic Matter)的去除 ................................................. 15
2.4.3 氮 (Nitrogen)的去除 ................................................................. 16
2.4.4 磷的去除 .................................................................................... 21
2.5 人工浮島 (Artificial Floating Island, AFI) .......................................... 22
2.5.1 人工浮島的類型 ........................................................................ 23
2.5.2 人工浮島的功能 ........................................................................ 25
2.5.3 人工浮島案例介紹 .................................................................... 26
第三章 研究方法 ........................................................................ 31
3.1 人工浮島系統配置 ............................................................................... 31
3.2 廢污水來源與人工海水 ....................................................................... 32
3.3 植物選擇 ............................................................................................... 33
3.4 實驗設計 ............................................................................................... 35
3.4.1 第一階段盆栽試驗 .................................................................... 35
3.4.2 第二階段浮島試驗 .................................................................... 35
3.5 採樣與分析方法 ................................................................................... 37
3.5.1 採樣與保存 ................................................................................ 38
3.5.2 水質分析與分析方法 ................................................................ 39
第四章 結果討論 ........................................................................ 41
4.1 現地調查與歷年水質比較 ................................................................... 41
4.1.1 氮循環 ........................................................................................ 44
4.1.2 磷循環 ........................................................................................ 47
4.1.3 葉綠素a ...................................................................................... 47
4.2 第一階段盆栽試驗 ............................................................................... 49

4.3 第二階段浮島試驗 ............................................................................... 53
4.3.1 土壤營養鹽溶出探討 ................................................................ 53
4.3.2 浮島營養鹽傳輸初探 ................................................................ 58
4.3.3 浮島的遮蔽率影響 .................................................................... 64
4.3.4 不同植物削減效率比較 ............................................................ 70
4.3.5 濱水菜浮島營養鹽傳輸 ............................................................ 76
第五章 結論與建議 .................................................................... 85
5.1 結論 ....................................................................................................... 85
5.2 建議 ....................................................................................................... 86
參考文獻 ...................................................................................... 87
英文文獻 ...................................................................................................... 87
中文文獻 ...................................................................................................... 88
網站 .............................................................................................................. 90
附件 .............................................................................................. 91

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網站

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