太陽光伏發電(Photovoltaic Generation, PVG)輸出之電壓與電流隨日照度及面板溫度之變動而改變，任一太陽光伏發電在特定日照度與溫度下皆存在一最大功率輸出點(Maximum Power Point)，因此為使太陽光伏發電能在不同日照度與溫度度下皆有最大輸出，最大功率追蹤(Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT)技術不可或缺。最大功率追蹤技術一直以來都是太陽光伏發電產業重要的研究課題，但如何在快速變動的氣候條件下以最少的損耗達到最大功率點有其困難度。
本論文設計並開發一具日照度及溫度估測之太陽光伏發電追蹤法，其擷取太陽光伏發電之電流與電壓，搭配太陽光伏發電之特性函數，透過狀態估測(State Estimation)直接計算出當下的日照度與溫度，並獲得此時的最大功率點。所提出之方法可有效縮短傳統擾動觀察法(Perturbation and Observation, P&O)暫態追蹤時間並降低追蹤所損失之功率。為驗證本文所提最大功率追蹤法的特點，本文分別利用模擬與實驗驗證此方法，並比對與傳統擾動觀察法在暫態追蹤時間與功率上的差異。結果證實所提出之方法可有效縮短傳統擾動觀察法暫態追蹤時間並提高追蹤之功率。

The output power of Photovoltaic Generations (PVGs) varies with solar irradiance and temperature nonlinearly. Therefore, the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is very important to operate PVG to harvest the maximum solar energy in real time. However, it is difficult to find the maximum power point in the rapidly changing weather conditions with minimal loss. This thesis proposes a state-estimation-based MPPT for PVGs. Based on the measured voltages and currents and the characteristic output function of PVG, the proposed MPPT uses state estimation to calculate the solar irradiance and temperature directly. The operating voltage of maximum power point can also be found immediately. The proposed MPPT can effectively reduce the maximum power tracking time of conventional MPPT methods and increase the harvested powers during MPPT. Simulation and experimental results comparing the proposed MPPT to a Perturbation and Observation (P&O) MPPT demonstrate the performance achieved by the proposed MPPT.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1-1研究背景 1
1-2 研究動機 2
1-3 論文大綱 3
第二章 最大功率追蹤技術簡介 4
2-1太陽光伏介紹 4
2-1-1太陽光伏簡介 4
2-1-2太陽光伏種類 6
2-1-3太陽光伏電氣特性 9
2-2最大功率追蹤技術 12
2-2-1擾動觀察法 13
2-2-2電壓迴授法 14
2-2-3功率迴授法 14
2-2-4增量電導法 15
2-2-5粒子群演算法 16
2-2-6拋物線預測法 18
2-2-7模糊邏輯控制法 19
2-2-8神經網路法 20
2-2-9分數開路電壓法 20
2-2-10電流掃描法 21
2-2-11曲線擬合法 22
2-3各種演算法之比較 23
第三章 利用狀態估測之最大功率追蹤 25
3-1牛頓法及最小加權平方狀態估測法簡介 25
3-1-1牛頓法 26
3-1-2加權最小平方狀態估計法 27
3-2利用牛頓法之最大功率追蹤 28
3-3利用狀態估計之最大功率追蹤法 31
3-4結合其它之太陽光伏發電系統特性函數 35
第四章 新型太陽能最大功率追蹤系統軟硬體架構 37
4-1電路架構分析 37
4-1-1升壓式轉換器介紹 37
4-1-2升壓型轉換器連續導通模式分析 40
4-2升壓型轉換器元件參數設計 42
4-2-1電感器設計 43
4-2-2電容器設計 44
4-2-3決定元件參數 45
4-3周邊電路設計與實驗周邊 45
4-3-1取樣電路設計 46
4-3-2控制晶片設計 46
4-3-3PI控制 48
4-3-4太陽能模擬器 50
4-3-5太陽能模擬陣列軟體介面 50
4-3-6實驗電子負載 52
第五章 實驗結果 53
5-1最大功率追蹤系統模擬與實測規格 54
5-2本文方法與擾動觀察法模擬結果與比較 55
5-2-1單一日照度模擬比較 56
5-2-2變動日照度模擬比較 62
5-3本文方法與擾動觀察法實測結果與比較 69
5-3-1單一日照度實測比較 69
5-3-2變動日照度實測比較 78
第六章 結論與未來展望 89
6-1結論 89
6-2未來展望 90
參考文獻 91

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