全世界海洋中皆存在生物污損 (biofouling) 的問題，舉凡會附著在人工結構上及造成經濟上損失的海洋生物皆稱為污損生物 (fouling organsim)。本研究以廣泛分佈的污損生物紋藤壺 (Amphibalanus amphitrite) 為目標物種，從超過一百多種的天然化合物及衍生物中篩選具有抗汙損潛力者。實驗分成三個階段:（ㄧ）初步活性篩選:先將所有天然化合物及衍生物的濃度統一稀釋至10 ppm或20 ppm，記錄48小時內紋藤壺腺介時期幼生的附著狀況；（二）抗汙損活性化合物試驗:將初步活性篩選中具有抑制腺介幼生附著效果的化合物進行1~100 ppm的三重複試驗，推算半數有效濃度 (EC50)、半數致死濃度 (LC50) 及治療比 (TR)；（三）野外掛板試驗:將有效抗汙損化合物與防鏽船用漆混合，塗板後放置野外觀察實際附著情況。經過初步篩選各化合物抑制紋藤壺幼生附著之功效後，發現純化合物S28為最具有抗附著活性潛力之天然化合物。純化合物S28的EC50為8.824 ppm，LC50為101.080 ppm，TR為11.454，符合國際對抗汙損化合物的評判標準。S28抗汙損生物附著所需之濃度相當低，其高治療比顯示對生物的毒性亦相當低，因此可視為未來發展抗汙損塗漆之潛力天然化合物。

Biofouling is a serious global issue of our oceans. Marine fouling organisms can attach on immersed artifical surfaces thus thus cause economic loss. This study utilized the major fouling barnacle species Amphibalanus amphitrite to test anti-fouling activities of more than one hundred natural compounds, including crude extracts, pure compounds and the derivatives isolated from marine organisms. There are more than one hundred natural compounds isolated from marine organisms and the derivatives were screened. There are three steps in our experiments: (1) Preliminary test: we prepared all natural compounds and the derivatives at the concertation of 10 ppm or 20 ppm and recorded the settlement condition of barnacle cypris larvae for 48 hours. (2) Antifouling activity test: we tested antifouling activities of potential compounds from step 1 at concentrations from 1-100 ppm. Then we estimated half maximal effective concentration (EC50), half lethal concentration (LC50) and therapeutic ratio (TR) of each compound. (3) Field test: we mixed the candidate compound with marine paint, then observed actual effect of the antifouling paint in the field. Our results showed that the pure compound S28 has high antifouling activity. The EC50 of S28 is 8.824 ppm, LC50 is 101.080 ppm and the therapeutic ratio (TR) is 11.454. These results suggested S28 is effective and has low toxicity. In conclusion, S28 has great potential for future development of antifouling paint.

論文審定書……………………………………………………………………………i
謝辭……………………………………………………………………………………ii
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………iii
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………iv
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………v
圖次……………………………………………………………………………………vi
表次……………………………………………………………………………………vii
壹、前言
第一節、 生物汙損…………………………………………………………1
第二節、 汙損生物紋藤壺…………………………………………………6
第三節、 抗汙損化合物對紋藤壺附著之文獻回顧………………………9
貳、材料與方法
第一節、 採樣地點及方法…………………………………………………10
第二節、 餌料生物培養……………………………………………………12
第三節、 紋藤壺飼養………………………………………………………13
第四節、 天然化合物及其衍生物抗汙損活性試驗………………………15
第五節、 野外掛板試驗……………………………………………………17
第六節、 數據分析…………………………………………………………18
參、結果
第一節、 餌料生物培養……………………………………………………19
第二節、 紋藤壺飼養………………………………………………………20
第三節、 天然化合物及衍生物之抗汙損活性……………………………22
第四節、 半數有效濃度及半數致死濃度…………………………………23
第五節、 野外掛板試驗……………………………………………………24
肆、 討論
第一節、 以紋藤壺腺介幼生測試天然化合物及衍生物抗汙損潛力之最適實驗條件…………………………………………………………29
第二節、 具抗汙損潛力之天然化合物S28………………………………34
第三節、 未來研究方向……………………………………………………37
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………38
附錄一、2003~2014年所發表的抗汙損化合物之有效濃度………………………84
附錄二、所有粗萃物列表……………………………………………………………86
附錄三、所有純化合物及衍生物列表………………………………………………88
附錄四、初篩抗附著粗萃物之幼生沉降狀況………………………………………92
附錄五、初篩抗附著純化合物之幼生沉降狀況…………………………………102

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