隨著環保意識的提升，綠色能源的發展備受各界矚目，如何有效地將環境中之能量並轉換電能，進而取代現有之化學電池，成為目前的研發趨勢。本研究將透過機構設計與運動方程式推導，使得獵能器在共振頻率下運動，獲得較大的能量輸出，同時儘可能縮小獵能器之體積與重量，希望實現胎壓感測系統自主供電之目標。
本研究從一個均勻斷面懸臂樑出發，透過拉格朗日方程式(Lagrange equation)推導運動方程式，了解其運動狀態，並根據運動方程式堆導結果，獲得良好的結構設計參數，進而提出可伸長之梯形懸臂樑構型。梯形懸臂樑之作用長度在離心力作用下隨車速伸長、縮短，改變其截面慣性矩。本研究利用截面慣性矩可改變之特性，來調整一般結構之固有頻率，使得本獵能器在共振的狀態下運動，獲得最大的能量輸出。為了增加運動方程式之完整度，透過能量法將壓電材料所造成之電氣阻尼加入運動方程式。
完成梯形懸臂樑壓電獵能器製作，並且實際裝置於旋轉平台模擬車輪轉動之狀態，實驗結果顯示，在車速60 km/hr下的輸出電壓為16 V，輸出電量為25.6 μW；車速30、40和50 km/hr之輸出電能實驗值分別為16.9、19.6和20.45 μW。

Because of the rise in environmental protection awareness, the development of green energy is currently garnering much interest. The efficient conversion of ambient energy into usable electrical energy for replacing traditional electrochemical batteries is a recent trend in research and development. In this study, the resonant frequency of harvested energy was adjusted using a self-tuning mechanism with the goal of approaching maximum power output. We reduce the size and weight of the energy harvester to achieve autonomous power supply for a tire pressure monitoring system.
The origin of this study is the design of a uniform cantilever beam for the main body of an energy harvester. The equation of motion is derived from the Lagrange equation to determine the dynamic behavior of the energy harvester. To obtain adequate structural design parameters from the resulting equation of motion, a configuration using an extensible trapezoidal cantilever is proposed. The effective length of the trapezoidal cantilever beam can be extended through centrifugal force from a rotating wheel to vary the area moment of inertia of the trapezoidal cantilever beam. In this study, the variation of area moment of inertia facilitated the adjustment of the harvester’s natural frequency to meet the wheel rotation frequency, obtaining maximum output power. Electrical damping caused by the piezoelectric effect was derived from the energy method and added to complete the equation of motion.
A prototype for a piezoelectric energy harvester with natural frequency self-tuning was developed. To investigate the dynamic behavior of the energy harvester, a car wheel emulator was constructed. The experimental output power was 16.9, 19.6, 20.45, and 25.6 μW at 30, 40, 50, and 60 km/hr, respectively.

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
目錄 v
圖次 vii
表次 viii
符號說明 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.2.1 發電方式介紹 2
1.2.2 壓電材料 3
1.2.3 壓電式振動獵能器 4
1.2.4 獵能器於胎壓感測器之應用 4
1.3 研究動機 6
1.4 本文架構 6
第二章 獵能器結構模型與動態分析 8
2.1 結構模型與統御方程式 8
2.2梯形懸臂樑獵能器之運動方程式與動態分析 16
2.2.1 梯形懸臂樑獵能器之運動方程式 16
2.2.2 動態分析 20
第三章 參數化調整與機構設計 27
3.1 配重塊重力位能項次之參數調整與機構實現 27
3.2 懸臂樑彈性位能項次之參數調整與機構設計 29
3.3 各項參數對於頻率比值之影響與獵能器設計參數 31
第四章 電氣阻尼之推導與動態分析 33
4.1 壓電本構與電氣阻尼之推導 33
4.2 動態分析 40
第五章 梯形懸臂樑壓電獵能器之實驗量測 49
5.1實驗架設 49
5.2壓電電路之分析與輸出電能估算 50
5.3梯形懸臂樑壓電獵能器之原型機 52
5.4梯形懸臂樑壓電獵能器之實驗 53
第六章 結論與未來展望 56
6.1結論 56
6.2未來展望 57
參考文獻 58

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