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博碩士論文 etd-0320116-185845 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0320116-185845
論文名稱
Title
中國大陸與國際人權規範:三個層面的分析
China and International Human Rights Norms: A Three-Level Analysis
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
184
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2016-04-12
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2016-04-20
關鍵字
Keywords
國際人權規範、人權內化、人權外交
Internalization of Human Rights, Human Rights Diplomacy, International Human Rights Standards
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5713 次,被下載 30
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5713 times, has been downloaded 30 times.
中文摘要
在過去30餘年來,中國大陸對於國際人權體系的參與已然有所擴展,並已簽署了許多重要的國際人權協定。從學術研究的觀點來看,如何解釋中國大陸參與國際人權體系的動機與模式?由於中國大陸是一個專制威權的國家,並有其獨特的政治、經濟和社會發展背景,而且也是聯合國安理會的常任理事國。因此,本研究試圖觀察中國大陸與國際人權規範的互動,並從多邊層面、雙邊層面,以及人權內化等三個不同層面來加以分析。在研究中國大陸和國際人權的互動上,本論文探討了國際規範或國際人權體系對中國大陸的影響,以及中國大陸所採取的態度是遵守或抗拒。本研究發現在針對國際人權規範方面,中國大陸的立場是兩者皆有所採用。有些是遵守,但有些卻是抗拒。抗拒的原因,主要來自於中國大陸本身對人權觀念的傳統看法與堅持,即北京依然堅持國家主權、集體人權和生存發展權等。對於這些立場的堅持,造成了中國大陸對許多國際人權規範的抗拒。在雙邊的層面上,本論文發現美國對中國大陸所進行的人權外交,以及將人權與最惠國待遇加以聯結,希望北京能屈服於美國的壓力,進而改善國內的人權。但北京在對國家主權的堅持下,以及反對來自國外力量的干預政策,也導致美國政府在1994年將人權與貿易脫勾。儘管雙邊和多邊層面的觀察,有助於了解中國大陸與國際人權規範的互動模式,但是此仍無法解釋何以北京仍會主動進行人權政策的修訂與改善,以及加強與國際社會的人權交流。因此,本研究再從單邊的層面來探討,發現中國大陸在國際人權規範的影響下,作為一個大國也重視國家形象,因此中國大陸也自然產生了一種學習和社會化的進程,進而導致人權的內化。本論文希望透過此三個不同層面的探討,建立出一個新的研究架構,使我們能更進一步的解釋中國大陸與國際人權規範的互動關係,也使我們更能深入了解這些問題的本質和特色。
Abstract
In the past 30 years, the Chinese government has shown a positive interest to the issues of human rights and have actively signed important international agreements related to these issues. From an academic perspective, how to explain the motivations and patterns behind the Chinese participation to the international human rights? China is an authoritarian country with a peculiar political, economic and social development background, and a permanent member of the UN security council, our research attempts to look into the interaction between China and the standards and regulations of the International human rights system from the perspective of multilateral, bilateral, and internalization of human rights.
We try to investigate the influence the international human rights system has on China and see whether China’s response is complying or opposing. Our findings show that Chinese attitude to the norms of the international human rights is both opposing and compliant.The main reasons behind China opposing these norms are its persistence in its traditional beliefs, the respect of its sovereignty, and the importance of collective human rights, survival and economic development. From a bilateral level, the USA uses the human rights diplomacy combined with the most favored nation benefits to get China to improve human right conditions.
However, Chinese persistence in the respect of its sovereignty and non-interference in its internal policies has led the United States to disunite Trade and human right in 1994. Even though the bilateral and multilateral perspectives help to understand the interaction between China and the international human rights standards, they do not explain the initiatives taken by Beijing to improve its human rights policies and to strengthen its relation with with the international community.
From a unilateral level, under the influence of the internal human rights standards, China is aware of the importance of its image as a country, therefore it naturally created a learning and socialization process which led to human internalization.
From a tri-dimension perspective, this thesis attempts to build a new research framework, which will help to explain not only the interaction between China and the international human rights standards, but also to better understand the nature and characteristics of these issues.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書................................................................................................. i
自序 ............................................................................................................ ii
摘要 ........................................................................................................... iii
Abstract .................................................................................................... iv
圖次 .......................................................................................................... xii
表次 ......................................................................................................... xiii
第一章 緒論 ............................................................................................ 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 ......................................................................... 1
第二節 分析架構 ..................................................................................... 8
第三節 研究方法 ................................................................................... 10
第二章 理論架構 .................................................................................. 13
第一節 前言 ........................................................................................... 13
第二節 全球化與國際規範 ................................................................... 13
第三節 跨國倡議網絡 ........................................................................... 17
第四節 國家的角色 ............................................................................... 25
第五節 小結 ........................................................................................... 30
第三章 國際人權體系的建構與發展 .................................................. 31
第一節 前言 ........................................................................................... 31
第二節 國際人權體系的形成 ............................................................... 31
第三節 聯合國人權委員會與多邊人權體系 ....................................... 37
第四節 國際人權體系的角色與功能 ................................................... 45
第五節 小結 ........................................................................................... 50
第四章 中國大陸人權觀概念的形成與演變 ...................................... 52
第一節 前言 ........................................................................................... 52
第二節 計畫經濟體制下的人權觀念 ................................................... 52
第三節 改革開放時期的人權觀念 ....................................................... 58
第四節 天安門事件後的人權觀念 ....................................................... 62
xi
第五節 小結 ........................................................................................... 65
第五章 中國大陸與國際人權體系:多邊層面 ..................................... 66
第一節 前言 ........................................................................................... 66
第二節 中國大陸對國際人權體系的認知 ........................................... 67
第三節 天安門事件與人權議題:1989 年至1992 年 ........................ 72
第四節 北京的抗衡多邊人權機制: 1993 年至1996 年 ...................... 83
第五節 北京的抗衡多邊人權機制: 1997 年至2004 年 ...................... 93
第六節 小結 ........................................................................................... 98
第六章 中國大陸與美國人權外交:雙邊層面 ................................... 100
第一節 前言 ......................................................................................... 100
第二節 人權外交與雙邊監督機制 ..................................................... 100
第三節 美中雙邊人權外交的對立與衝突 ......................................... 105
第四節 人權外交與最惠國待遇 ......................................................... 114
第五節 小結 ......................................................................................... 125
第七章 中國大陸人權觀念的內化:單邊層面的觀點 .................... 127
第一節 前言 ......................................................................................... 127
第二節 中國大陸的人權外交:動機的詮釋 ..................................... 127
第三節 國家認同與人權政策的演變 ................................................. 132
第四節 國際人權體系的參與:分析與解釋 ..................................... 136
第五節 人權觀念的學習與社會化 ..................................................... 146
第六節 小結 ......................................................................................... 154
第八章 結論 ........................................................................................ 157
參考文獻 ................................................................................................. 163
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