台灣的粗首鱲複合種群包含粗首鱲(Opsariichthys pachycephalus)及高屏鱲(O.kaopingensis)兩種。粗首鱲複合種群已有同功酶(isoenzyme)與粒線體基因D-loop之族群研究，發現台灣粗首鱲複合種群以曾文溪以北為一群，高屏溪以南為一群，但目前為止粗首鱲複合種群缺乏粒線體基因cytochrome b 之研究，且過去研究其採樣溪流數量較少，所提供的資訊有限。因此本研究採集台灣西部22 條河川之粗首鱲複合種群，共257 個個體，定序粒線體cyt b 及D-loop 基因分析其族群遺傳結構。親緣關係樹及Nestwork analysis 分析顯示粗首鱲複合種群分為兩大譜系，Lineage 1 主要為曾文溪以北的溪流個體及枋山溪(含)以南恆春半島個體，再加上高屏溪及林邊溪各一個體。另一譜系(Lineage 2)為高屏溪、東港溪、林邊溪及士文溪。Lineage 1 與Lineage 2 的單型基因歧異度(H)為0.958 及0.630，以及核苷酸歧異度(π)為0.00488 及0.00185，表示物種曾經歷族群數量減少，造成單型基因同質性高，之後雖經歷過一段族群快速擴張產生高單型基因歧異度，但因核苷酸累積變異時間不足，造成高單型基因歧異度、低核苷酸歧異度的現象。在族群遺傳結構分析中，遺傳分化指數(FST)北部譜系之溪流，各河系之間則大多呈現高度遺傳分化的情形；南部譜系之溪流則呈現低度分化及無分化情形。在分子變異分析(AMOVA)結果顯示粗首鱲複合種群主要的遺傳變異來自於地理區之間的差異(55.89%)。族群歷史變動分析中，在Lineage 1 及Lineage 2 中，Tajima’s D 值及Fu’s Fs test 皆為負值，並且統計上顯著，表示粗首鱲複合種群曾經歷過族群擴張，此現象也在族群變異檢測(mismatch distribution)及適合度檢定(Goodness-of-fittest)中確認。粗首鱲複合種群其最近共同祖先時間(TMRCA)，譜系1 的最近共祖時間為八十九萬一千年前，譜系2 最近共祖時間為五十二萬一千年前。而貝氏天際線圖顯示粗首鱲複合種群其族群擴張時間為譜系1 過去五十萬年前(民德冰期後)至今族群皆呈現穩定的狀態，譜系2 結果顯示約在五千到兩萬五千年前(沃姆冰期)發生小幅度族群擴張現象。比較過去同功酶數據及粒線體基因D-loop 發現粗首鱲複合種群分群符合兩群，但兩群中枋山溪以南恆春半島個體及部分高屏溪及林邊溪個體混入北部族群。推斷近年來粗首鱲複合種群受到人為不當的放流造成不同流域基因彼此交流。

The Opsariichthys pachycephalus species complex includes O.pachycephalus and O. kaopingensis. Previous studies of population genetics on O. pachycephalus species complex using isoenzyme and mitochondria DNA control region showed that this species complex were divided into two lineages, viz. north of Tengwen River and south of Kaoping River. In this study, two hundred and fifty-seven fishes of O.pachycephalus species complex from 22 rivers throughout the range of western Taiwan were collected. Population genetics structure of O. pachycephalus species complex were studied based on mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region sequences. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree indicates two distinct clades present in O. pachycephalus species complex, viz. Lineage 1 (from Lanyang River to Zengwen River, Fangshan River, Sizhong River, and Gangkoui River) and Lineage 2 (Kaoping River, Linbian River, Donggang River, and Shih Wen Creek). Relatively high levels of haplotype diversity (h=0.96) and low levels of nucleotide diversity (π=0.01673) were detected in O. pachycephalus species complex. Highly significant values of pairwise FST values were detected among Lineage 1, but lower values among Lineage 2. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) analysis revealed 55.89% genetic
variation between the regions of Taiwan. Significantly negative Tajima’s D and Fu’s statistics based on mtDNA suggested that most populations in Taiwan may have originated from a small number of founders followed by demographic expansion. Mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality test result observed significant population expansion phenomenon in O. pachycephalus. Bayesian skyline plot approach indicated that the expansion of Lineage 1 and 2 at 0.5mya 0.025 Mya, respectively. The unique haplotype distribution pattern (North-South-North) contradicts to previous studies, and it may be a consequence of artificial release in recent years.

目錄
論文審定書…………………………………………………………………………….i
公開授權書…………………………………………………………………………....ii
謝辭…………………………………………………………………………………...iii
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………...iv
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………...vi
目錄………………………………………………………………………………….viii
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………….......ix
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………....x
壹、 前言………………………………………………………………………………1
貳、 材料與方法………………………………………………………………………8
參、 結果……………………………………………………………………………..18
肆、 討論……………………………………………………………………………..24
伍、 結論……………………………………………………………………………..32
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………..33
附表…………………………………………………………………………………..41
附圖…………………………………………………………………………………..50

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