本研究以廢輪胎熱裂解產物碳黑製備粉狀活性碳，並藉管柱吸附及熱重分析等兩種恆溫吸附系統，進行氯化汞氣體之吸附實驗，探討自製粉狀活性碳對氯化汞氣體之吸附容量，再藉由恆溫吸附模式及吸附動力模式，模擬自製活性碳對氯化汞之吸附行為。此外，本研究亦研發新的加硫改質技術，得以同步提高自製粉狀活性碳之比表面積及含硫量，藉以製備高效能粉狀活性碳。
本研究以廢輪胎熱裂解產物碳黑為主要研究對象，利用自行組裝之熱裂解活化高溫爐，在不同操作條件下將其活化製備成高性能之粉狀活性碳。實驗結果顯示隨著活化溫度、活化時間與注水速率之增加，自製粉狀活性碳之產率呈現遞減趨勢，然而比表面積與孔隙體積則呈現增加趨勢。而實驗結果亦顯示，在相同的活化條件下，活化時間對自製活性碳比表面積之影響程度較注水速率為高。本研究實驗結果顯示，自製粉狀活性碳之最佳活化條件如下：（1）活化溫度為900℃，（2）活化時間為180 min，（3）注水速率為0.5 mLH2O/gC-sec，（4）注水時機為活化後17.5 min。
在碳表面官能結構分析方面，粉狀碳黑（PCB）之碳成份約佔89.5%，表面鍵結包含49.8%的C-C、38.9%的C-O、10.5%的C=O或O-C-O；自製粉狀活性碳（CBPAC）則約有87.6%的碳成分，表面鍵結包含57.5%的C-C、26.8%的C-O、8.1%的C=O或O-C-O、7.6%的O-C=O；而商用粉狀活性碳（CPAC）碳成分約佔88.0%，表面上則有42.6%的C-C、41.8%的C-O、15.6%的O-C=O。另外，PCB與CBPAC之含硫量均約為0.5%，其中，PCB表面硫可能以硫化鋅（ZnS）及雙鍵鍵結於碳上（S=C=S）之型式存在，所佔百分比率分別為58.9%及41.1%；而CBPAC表面硫則可能僅以雙鍵鍵結於碳上（S=C=S）。
在活性碳加硫改質方面，傳統含浸法改質後之活性碳含硫量雖明顯提升，但比表面積卻有驟降約20%之缺點。而本研究新發展的合成含浸法可將活性碳之含硫量由0.94%增加至2.41%，而且比表面積亦同時由461 m2/g提升至757 m2/g。此結果顯示合成含浸法硫化改質是一種具高效率、省時間及省能源之含硫粉狀活性碳製備技術。
由氯化汞管柱吸附實驗結果得知，活性碳吸附層厚度對於CBPAC吸附氯化汞之吸附容量並無明顯影響，僅改變氯化汞飽和吸附時間，此結果可證實都市垃圾焚化爐排放廢氣中噴注之粉狀活性碳，在經袋式集塵器收集後，仍對於煙道廢氣中含汞污染物具有去除之效能。而隨著氯化汞進流濃度之增加，CBPAC對氯化汞氣體吸附容量有增加趨勢，然而飽和吸附時間卻會縮短。此外，CBPAC在25℃與150℃兩種吸附溫度及溼度下，其對氯化汞吸附容量均較CPAC略低，分析其結果可能與活性碳比表面積及含硫量有關。
在恆溫吸附模式及吸附動力模式分析方面，CBPAC對氯化汞吸附容量隨進流氯化汞濃度增加而有升高之趨勢，但卻隨吸附溫度之升高而遞減。在不同吸附溫度條件下，CBPAC對氯化汞之吸附反應較偏向Freundlich Isotherm，且n值均小於1。擬一階吸附動力模式模擬值與實驗值之誤差較擬二階吸附動力模式為低，且其相關係數r值（r=0.9745~0.9977）亦較擬二階吸附動力模式（r=0.9217~0.9780）為高；因此，以擬一階吸附動力模式模擬CBPAC吸附氯化汞較擬二階吸附動力模式為佳。此外，CBPAC對氯化汞氣體吸附容量及初始吸附速率均隨氯化汞氣體濃度增加而增加，然隨吸附溫度增加而降低。

This study investigated the production of powdered activated carbon derived from carbon black of pyrolyzed waste tires, and their adsorptive capacity on vapor-phase mercury chloride (HgCl2) using both adsorption column and thermogravimetric adsorption systems. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic models were further simulated in the study. In addition, an innovative compositive impregnation process was developed to increase the sulfur content of powdered activated carbon derived from waste tires.
The activation of carbon black to form powdered activated carbon was performed in a tubular oven. The operating parameters including activation temperatures, activation time, and water feed rates were investigated in this study. Experimental results indicated that the yield of carbon-black derived powdered activated carbon (CBPAC) decreased with the increase of activation temperature, activation time, and water feed rate, while the BET surface area and pore volume decreased. In the comparison of activation time and water feed rate in the activation process, activation time had an important impact on the production of specific surface area than water feed rate. The optimal operating parameters included activation temperature of 900℃, activation time of 180min, water feed rate of 0.5 mLH2O/gC-sec, and water injection behind activation process of 17.5 min.
From the analysis of carbon surface, the carbon contents of powdered carbon black (PCB), CBPAC, commercial powdered activated carbon (CPAC) were 89.5%, 87.6%, and 88%, respectively. The C (1s) peak region of PCB consisted of 49.8% C-C, 38.9% C-O, 10.5% C=O or O-C-O. Similar analysis results showed that the total area of the C (1s) peak region of CBPAC consisted of 57.5% C-C, 26.8% C-O, 8.1% C=O or O-C-O, and 7.6% O-C=O. Similar to CPAC, the C (1s) peak region consisted of 42.6% C-C, 41.8% C-O, and 15.6% O-C=O. Furthermore, the sulfur contents of PCB and CBPAC were both 0.5%. The S (2p) peak region of PCB consisted of 58.9% ZnS (zinc sulfide) and 41.1% S=C=S. For CBPAC, the S (2p) peak region solely contained S=C=S.
The comparison of two sulfur impregnation processes revealed that the innovative compositive impregnation process could simultaneously increased the sulfur content and the BET surface area of powdered activated carbon (PAC), however, the direct impregnation process increased the sulfur content while the BET surface area of PAC decreased linearly. Without the disadvantages of time and energy consumption associated with direct impregnation, the compositive impregnation is an efficient and energy-saving process for producing sulfurized PAC with a high BET surface area and high sulfur content.
Experimental results obtained from the adsorption column tests indicated that the influence of the adsorption depth on the adsorptive capacity of CBPAC did not vary much, while the adsorptive capacity of CBPAC increased with HgCl2 concentration. Furthermore, the adsorptive capacity of CBPAC on vapor-phase HgCl2 was less than that of CPAC at the adsorption temperatures of 25~150℃ and high humidity of 12.3 wt %. The difference of adsorptive capacity for CBPAC and CPAC correlated closely with BET surface area and sulfur content.
Results form the thermogravimetric adsorption analysis indicated that the adsorptive capacity of CBPAC and initial adsorption rate on vapor-phase HgCl2 increased with HgCl2 concentration and decreased with adsorption temperature. In the kinetic modeling, the deviation of experimental and simulated values simulated by the pseudo-first-order model was lower than those of pseudo-second-order models. Furthermore, the r (correlation coefficient) of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were 0.9745~0.9977 and 0.9217~0.9780, respectively. It suggested that the pseudo-first-order model could simulate the adsorption of HgCl2 onto CBPAC better than pseudo-second-order model.

目 錄
中文摘要………………………………………………………….…. I
英文摘要………………………………………………………….…. III
目錄……………………………………………………………….…. VI
表目錄…………………………………………………………….…. XI
圖目錄……………………………………………………………….. XIV
第一章 前言………………………………………………………… 1-1
1-1研究緣起……………….………………….………………... 1-1
1-2研究目的………………………………….……….………... 1-4
1-3研究流程………………………………….…….…………... 1-4
第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………… 2-1
2-1汞對環境及人類健康之影響……………………..………... 2-1
2-2汞之污染來源………………………..……………………... 2-2
2-3汞之傳輸途徑………………………...…………..………… 2-13
2-4汞及其化合物之控制技術……..………………..…………. 2-16
2-5活性碳之特性與吸附指標………………………..………... 2-18
2-5-1活性碳之特性………………………………………... 2-18
2-5-2活性碳吸附容量指標………………………………... 2-21
2-6恆溫吸附模式………………………………………..……... 2-23
2-6-1 Langmuir Isotherm…………………………………... 2-26
2-6-2 Freundlich Isotherm……………………...…………... 2-31
2-6-3 Redlich and Peterson Isotherm…………..…………... 2-34
2-6-4 Toth Isotherm…………………...………..…………... 2-35
2-6-5 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Isotherm………………….... 2-36
2-7吸附動力模式………………………………………..……... 2-37
2-7-1一階可逆反應模式…………………………………... 2-37
2-7-2擬一階吸附動力模式………………………………... 2-39
2-7-3擬二階吸附動力模式………………………………... 2-39
2-8熱重分析之應用………………..…………………………... 2-40
2-9廢輪胎之環境問題與處理技術……………………………. 2-41
2-9-1廢輪胎之環境問題....……………..………………… 2-42
2-9-2廢輪胎之處理技術………………..…………………. 2-42
2-9-3廢輪胎熱裂解產物碳黑之應用.…………………….. 2-47
第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………… 3-1
3-1實驗設計………………………………………………….... 3-1
3-2實驗製備…………………………………………….……... 3-3
3-2-1活性碳製備系統……………………………………... 3-3
3-2-2粉狀活性碳硫化改質系統…………………………... 3-5
3-2-3管柱吸附系統………………………………………... 3-6
3-2-4熱重分析系統………………………………………... 3-7
3-2-5儀器分析系統………………………………………... 3-9
3-3實驗方法…….…………………………………………..…. 3-11
3-3-1活性碳製備系統…………………….….…….……… 3-11
3-3-1-1粉狀活性碳最佳活化製備條件之探討………... 3-11
3-3-1-2吸附指標之量測與探討……………..…………. 3-14
3-3-1-3表面官能特性之分析………………..…………. 3-15
3-3-2粉狀活性碳硫化改質系統………………………….. 3-17
3-3-2-1直接含浸法……………………………………... 3-17
3-3-2-2合成含浸法…………………………..…………. 3-18
3-3-3氯化汞氣體管柱吸附系統………………..….……… 3-18
3-3-4氯化汞氣體熱重分析系統……………….….……… 3-21
3-3-5儀器分析方法……………………………..….……… 3-22
3-4品保與品管…….…………………………….……………. 3-30
3-4-1品管執行方式………………………………………... 3-30
3-4-2品保執行方法………………………………………... 3-31
第四章 資源化活性碳之製備……………………………………… 4-1
4-1操作參數對自製粉狀活性碳物理性質之影響……………. 4-1
4-1-1活化溫度對自製粉狀活性碳物理性質之影響……... 4-1
4-1-2活化時間對自製粉狀活性碳物理性質之影響……... 4-2
4-1-3注水速率對自製粉狀活性碳物理性質之影響……... 4-6
4-2碳黑厚度對自製粉狀活性碳物理特性之影響…………… 4-9
4-2-1活化時間對不同碳黑厚度製備之粉狀活性碳物理性質之影響…………………………………………..
4-11
4-2-2注水速率對不同碳黑厚度製備之粉狀活性碳物理性質之影響….…….…………………………….…...
4-13
4-2-3不同深度碳黑所製備之粉狀活性碳物理性質之變化趨勢….…….………………………………….…...
4-17
4-3碳黑製備粉狀活性碳之活化操作條件評估……………… 4-18
4-3-1注水時機對粉狀活性碳物理性質之影響………...… 4-21
4-3-2活化時間與注水速率對粉狀活性碳物理性質之影響……………………………………………………..
4-25
4-4粉狀活性碳之物化性質……………………….……….….. 4-28
4-4-1元素分析…………………………………………...… 4-28
4-4-2 ESCA官能特性分析…..…………………………….. 4-30
4-4-3 SEM碳表面影像分析..…………………………….. 4-40
4-5粉狀活性碳之吸附指標………………….………….…….. 4-42
4-5-1活性碳吸附指標－碘值之量測…………….……….. 4-42
4-5-2活性碳吸附容量指標－苯吸附容量之量測……….. 4-45
4-6活性碳之加硫改質…….….….………………………...….. 4-48
4-6-1直接含浸法加硫改質………………….…………….. 4-50
4-6-2合成含浸法加硫改質……………….……………….. 4-52
4-6-3硫化改質程序之比較……………….……………….. 4-57
第五章 氯化汞氣體吸附容量之量測……………………………… 5-1
5-1氯化汞氣體管柱吸附測試………………….………….….. 5-1
5-1-1自製與商用粉狀活性碳物化特性之比較………….. 5-1
5-1-2吸附層厚度對活性碳吸附容量之影響…………….. 5-2
5-1-3氯化汞氣體進流濃度對活性碳吸附容量之影響.…. 5-4
5-1-4活性碳種類對氯化汞氣體吸附容量之影響............... 5-7
5-1-5濕度對活性碳吸附容量之影響……………………... 5-11
5-2氯化汞氣體熱重吸附測試………………………………… 5-13
5-2-1自製粉狀活性碳之特性………………….………….. 5-13
5-2-2氯化汞氣體熱重分析結果…………….…………….. 5-16
第六章 氯化汞氣體吸附模式之建立……………………………… 6-1
6-1氯化汞氣體之恆溫吸附模式………………….……….….. 6-1
6-2氯化汞氣體之吸附動力分析……………………………… 6-8
第七章 結論與建議………………………………………………… 7-1
7-1結論………………………….………………….………….. 7-1
7-2建議……………………………………….….…………….. 7-5
參考文獻………..…………………….………………….………….. R-1
附錄A 蠕動幫浦流量校正曲線………………………………….... A-1
附錄B 分析檢量線…………...……………..………………….... B-1
附錄C 化學分析電子光譜儀分析結果…………………………. C-1
附錄D 實驗數據一覽表………………………………………….... D-1
表目錄
表2-2.1 汞及其化合物之物理和化學特性……………………... 2-4
表2-2.2 各國汞排放量分佈比較表……..………………………. 2-7
表2-2.3 燃煤組成份一覽表…………………………………..…. 2-8
表2-2.4 美國都市垃圾中金屬成份一覽表….………………….. 2-10
表2-2.5 美國都市垃圾中含汞污染物的污染來源……………... 2-13
表2-3.1 元素汞的物理及化學特性……………………………... 2-15
表2-3.2 常見含汞化合物之氣-液平衡反應………………...…... 2-15
表2-3.3 常見含汞化合物之固-液平衡反應…………………...... 2-16
表2-3.4 液相二價汞的平衡反應………………………………... 2-16
表2-5.1 活性碳之孔隙分佈……………………………………... 2-20
表2-5.2 台灣南部垃圾資源回收（焚化）廠粉狀活性碳採購規格………………………………………………………...
2-24
表2-6.1 常見之恆溫吸附模式……………………….……...…... 2-28
表2-9.1 世界先進國家廢輪胎現行處理方式及未來規劃方向... 2-48
表2-9.2 熱裂解模式彙整表………………………………….….. 2-50
表2-9.3 廢輪胎碳黑活化後活性碳之孔隙與表面特性彙整表... 2-52
表3-3.1 碳黑活化反應之操作條件及範圍……………………... 3-12
表3-3.2 廢輪胎製備粉狀活性碳之操作條件…........................... 3-19
表3-3.3 廢輪胎製備含硫粉狀活性碳之操作條件……...……… 3-19
表3-3.4 三種粉狀活性碳之特性比較…………………………... 3-20
表3-3.5 管柱吸附實驗之操作條件……………………………... 3-21
表3-3.6 微孔隙分析儀之操作條件一覽表……………………... 3-23
表3-3.7 元素分析儀操作條件一覽表…………………………... 3-26
表4-2.1 不同深度碳黑所製備之粉狀活性碳物理性質一覽表... 4-19
表4-4.1 粉狀活性碳含硫量分析結果一覽表……………........... 4-29
表4-4.2 粉狀碳黑（PCB）之ESCA量測結果………………… 4-31
表4-4.3 自製粉狀活性碳（CBPAC）之ESCA量測結果……….. 4-31
表4-4.4 商用粉狀活性碳（CPAC）之ESCA量測結果………... 4-31
表4-4.5 PCB、CBPAC及CPAC之C (1s)表面官能特性分析….. 4-33
表4-4.6 不同碳黑之C (1s)表面官能成份比較……….………... 4-35
表4-4.7 PCB、CBPAC及CPAC之O (1s)表面官能特性分析… 4-36
表4-5.1 自製與商用粉狀活性碳在30℃下吸附水溶液中苯之Langmuir和Freundlich兩種恆溫吸附模式之參數值與誤差值………………………………………………...…

4-48
表4-6.1 直接含浸法製備之含硫WPAC物化特性變化趨勢….. 4-51
表4-6.2 合成含浸法製備含硫WPAC之物化特性變化趨勢….. 4-54
表5-1.1 自製與商用粉狀活性碳之特性比較…………………... 5-3
表5-2.1 微孔隙分析儀量測CBPAC之物理性質彙整表……..... 5-15
表5-2.2 CBPAC在不同氯化汞氣體濃度之飽和吸附量……….. 5-17
表6-1.1 CBPAC吸附氯化汞氣體在不同吸附溫度下之恆溫吸附模式參數值與誤差值彙整表………………………...
6-3
表6-2.1 擬一階吸附動力模式模擬CBPAC吸附氯化汞之參數值及相關係數……………………………………….......
6-12
表6-2.2 擬二階吸附動力模式模擬CBPAC吸附氯化汞之參數值及相關係數………………………………………...
6-13
表D-1 活性碳之微孔隙性質隨活化條件變化結果一覽表....... D-1
表D-2 粉狀碳黑之微孔隙性質隨熱裂解時間變化結果一覽表.......................................................................................
D-1
表D-3 CBPAC對苯吸附容量之量測.......................................... D-2
表D-4 CPAC對苯吸附容量之量測............................................. D-2
表D-5 粉狀活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體之轉化率實驗結果一覽表…………………………………………………….......
D-3
表D-6 粉狀活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體之吸附容量實驗結果一覽表...................................................................................
D-12
表D-7 熱重分析實驗活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體吸附容量一覽表（30℃）...........................................................................
D-22
表D-8 熱重分析實驗活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體吸附容量一覽表（70℃）...........................................................................
D-25
表D-9 熱重分析實驗活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體吸附容量一覽表（150℃）……….............................................................
D-27


圖目錄
圖1-3.1 研究流程圖……………………………………………... 1-6
圖2-2.1 汞在自然環境之排放源與移動路徑示意圖…………... 2-3
圖2-2.2 美國人為汞排放源分佈圖……………………………... 2-5
圖2-2.3 加拿大安大略省人為汞排放源分佈圖………………... 2-5
圖2-2.4 汞在燃煤過程可能進行之反應與物種型態…………... 2-9
圖2-5.1 常見之酸性表面含氧官能基結構示意圖…………...... 2-22
圖2-5.2 含氮官能基……………………………………………... 2-23
圖2-6.1 活性碳對吸附質之吸附-脫附示意圖……...…………... 2-25
圖3-1.1 實驗設計流程圖………………………………………... 3-2
圖3-2.1 碳黑熱裂解、活化及加硫改質實驗裝置圖…..……..… 3-5
圖3-2.2 管柱吸附實驗裝置圖…………………………………... 3-8
圖3-2.3 熱重分析吸附實驗設備示意圖…..………………….… 3-10
圖3-3.1 活性碳製備及其物化特性分析流程圖………………... 3-13
圖3-3.2 ESCA量測系統示意圖……………………..…………... 3-17
圖3-3.3 活性碳孔隙物理性質分析流程圖……………………... 3-24
圖3-3.4 苯在波長200~300 nm之間的吸收情形………………. 3-27
圖3-3.5 重覆樣品分析品質管制圖……………………………... 3-35
圖3-3.6 查核樣品分析品質管制圖……………………………... 3-35
圖4-1.1 活性碳比表面積隨活化溫度變化之趨勢圖…………... 4-3
圖4-1.2 活性碳產率隨活化溫度變化之趨勢圖………………... 4-3
圖4-1.3 不同形態碳黑製備之粉狀活性碳物理性質隨活化時間變化趨勢圖…………………………………………...
4-4
圖4-1.4 不同形態碳黑製備之粉狀活性碳物理性質隨注水速率變化趨勢圖………………………………...…………
4-8
圖4-2.1 粉狀碳黑在活化前後之厚度變化情形………………... 4-10
圖4-2.2 不同碳黑厚度製備之粉狀活性碳物理性質隨活化時間變化趨勢圖……………………………………….…..
4-12
圖4-2.3 不同碳黑厚度製備之粉狀活性碳物理性質隨注水速率………………………………………….......................
4-14
圖4-2.4 不同深度碳黑製備之粉狀活性碳物理性質變化趨勢圖………………………………………………………...
4-20
圖4-3.1 碳黑比表面積隨殘餘熱裂解時間之變化趨勢圖……... 4-23
圖4-3.2 不同注水時間製備粉狀活性碳比表面積隨活化時間之變化趨勢圖…………………………………...............
4-23
圖4-3.3 不同注水速率製備粉狀活性碳比表面積隨活化時間變化之趨勢圖…………………………………………...
4-24
圖4-3.4 不同注水速率製備粉狀活性碳產率隨活化時間變化之趨勢圖………………………………………………...
4-24
圖4-3.5 單位重量水蒸氣對自製粉狀活性碳比表面積增加量之影響趨勢圖…………………………………………...
4-27
圖4-4.1 由PCB之C (1s) ESCA光譜解析之碳表面官能基…... 4-34
圖4-4.2 由CBPAC之C (1s) ESCA光譜解析之碳表面官能基... 4-34
圖4-4.3 由CPAC之C (1s) ESCA光譜解析之碳表面官能基… 4-35
圖4-4.4 由PCB之O (1s) ESCA光譜解析之碳表面官能基… 4-37
圖4-4.5 由CBPAC之O (1s) ESCA光譜解析之碳表面官能基 4-37
圖4-4.6 由CPAC之O (1s) ESCA光譜解析之碳表面官能基… 4-38
圖4-4.7 由PCB之S (2p) ESCA光譜解析碳表面官能基………. 4-39
圖4-4.8 由CBPAC之S (2p) ESCA光譜解析碳表面官能基….. 4-40
圖4-4.9 廢輪胎熱裂解產物碳黑活化製備之粉狀活性碳（CBPAC）外表結構…………………………………....
4-41
圖4-4.10 不同碳材製備之活性碳外表結構……………………... 4-42
圖4-5.1 粉狀碳黑製備之粉狀活性碳碘值吸附曲線…………... 4-44
圖4-5.2 商用粉狀活性碳之碘值吸附曲線……………………... 4-44
圖4-5.3 自製與商用粉狀活性碳對苯吸附容量之比較(以Langmuir恆溫方程式進行模擬)…………………….....
4-47
圖4-5.4 自製與商用粉狀活性碳對苯吸附能力之比較(以Freundlich恆溫方程式進行模擬)……………………....
4-47
圖4-6.1 直接含浸法改質過程中活性碳比表面積及含硫量隨著注硫速率之變化趨勢……...........................................
4-52
圖4-6.2 合成含浸法硫化改質過程中活性碳比表面積與含硫量隨注硫速率之變化趨勢圖….......................................
4-54
圖4-6.3 合成含浸法硫化改質過程中活性碳比表面積與含硫量隨活化時間之變化趨勢圖……….…………………..
4-55
圖4-6.4 合成含浸法硫化改質過程中活性碳比表面積與含硫量隨溶液注入速率之變化趨勢圖…...............................
4-56
圖5-1.1 不同吸附層厚度對自製粉狀活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體之吸附曲線圖……………………..…….........................
5-5
圖5-1.2 不同吸附層厚度對自製粉狀活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體吸附容量隨時間變化之趨勢圖…………………….…..
5-5
圖5-1.3 不同氯化汞進流濃度對自製粉狀活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體之吸附曲線圖……………………………….……..
5-6
圖5-1.4 不同氯化汞進流濃度對自製粉狀活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體吸附容量隨時間變化之趨勢圖…………………...
5-6
圖5-1.5 自製與商用粉狀活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體之吸附曲線圖(25℃)………………………….……………..…….....
5-8
圖5-1.6 自製與商用粉狀活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體吸附容量隨時間變化之趨勢圖(150℃)……………………...……....
5-8
圖5-1.7 自製與商用粉狀活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體之吸附曲線圖(150℃)……..................................................................
5-10
圖5-1.8 自製與商用粉狀活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體吸附量隨時間變化之趨勢圖(150℃)……….......................................
5-10
圖5-1.9 濕度對活性碳吸附氯化汞氣體吸附容量之影響趨勢圖………………………………………………………...
5-12
圖5-2.1 CBPAC之氮氣吸脫附曲線………………….................. 5-14
圖5-2.2 CBPAC之孔洞分佈（BJH方法）..……………….….. 5-15
圖5-2.3 CBPAC在不同溫度及氯化汞氣體濃度下對氯化汞累積吸附容量隨吸附時間之變化趨勢圖…………….…..
5-18
圖6-1.1 CBPAC於不同吸附溫度對氯化汞氣體之恆溫吸附曲線………………………………………………………...
6-4
圖6-1.2 與 之線性關係圖（30℃）…………..
6-7
圖6-1.3 與 之線性關係圖（70℃）…………..
6-7
圖6-1.4 與 之線性關係圖（150℃）…………..
6-8
圖6-2.1 擬一階及擬二階吸附動力模式模擬值與CBPAC吸附氯化汞氣體實驗值之比較（30℃）……..………….…..
6-9
圖6-2.2 擬一階及擬二階吸附動力模式模擬值與CBPAC吸附氯化汞氣體實驗值之比較（70℃）……………………..
6-10
圖6-2.3 擬一階及擬二階吸附動力模式模擬值與CBPAC吸附氯化汞氣體實驗值之比較（150℃）..………....…….…..
6-10
圖6-2.4 不同吸附溫度下，CBPAC對氯化汞氣體吸附容量隨氯化汞氣體濃度之變化趨勢………………………….…..
6-14
圖6-2.5 不同吸附溫度下，擬一階吸附動力模式之初始吸附速率隨氯化汞氣體濃度之變化趨勢………………….…..
6-14
圖6-2.6 不同吸附溫度下，擬二階吸附動力模式之初始吸附速率隨氯化汞氣體濃度之變化趨勢……..……..…….…..
6-15
圖6-2.7 以擬一階吸附動力模式模擬CBPAC吸附氯化汞氣體之動力實驗（30℃）……………………………….…..
6-16
圖6-2.8 以擬一階吸附動力模式模擬CBPAC吸附氯化汞氣體之動力實驗（70℃）………………………………..…..
6-16
圖6-2.9 以擬一階吸附動力模式模擬CBPAC吸附氯化汞氣體之動力實驗（150℃）..……………..……..………….…..
6-16
圖A-1 蠕動幫浦流量校正曲線………………………………... A-1
圖B-1 氯化汞之檢量線………………………………………... B-1
圖B-2 苯之檢量線……………………………………………... B-1
圖C-1 利用ESCA分析粉狀碳黑表面光譜圖………………... C-1
圖C-2 利用ESCA分析粉狀碳黑表面碳（C）元素之光譜圖…. C-1
圖C-3 利用ESCA分析粉狀碳黑表面氮（N）元素之光譜圖 C-2
圖C-4 利用ESCA分析粉狀碳黑表面氧（O）元素之光譜圖………………………………………………………...
C-2
圖C-5 利用ESCA分析粉狀碳黑表面硫（S）元素之光譜圖 C-3
圖C-6 利用ESCA分析自製粉狀活性碳表面光譜圖.………... C-3
圖C-7 利用ESCA分析自製粉狀活性碳表面碳（C）元素之光譜圖…………………………………………………...
C-4
圖C-8 利用ESCA分析自製粉狀活性碳表面氧（O）元素之光譜圖…………………………………………………...
C-4
圖C-9 利用ESCA分析自製粉狀活性碳表面硫（S）元素之光譜圖…………………………………………………...
C-5
圖C-10 利用ESCA分析商用粉狀活性碳表面光譜圖………... C-5
圖C-11 利用ESCA分析商用粉狀活性碳表面碳（C）元素之光譜圖…………………………………………………...
C-6
圖C-12 利用ESCA分析商用粉狀活性碳表面氧（O）元素之光譜圖…………………………………………………...
C-6
圖C-13 利用ESCA分析商用粉狀活性碳表面硫（S）元素之光譜圖…………………………………………………...
C-7

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