本項研究主要是提出印刷式單極天線結構之創新設計，藉由將輻射金屬線直接印刷在基板上的技術，使得天線具有輕薄短小的優點，且可以與電路基板相結合，提昇製作的便利與降低成本的特性。在本項研究中，分別提出四種不同應用的創新設計：第一種設計為印刷式倒F形單極天線，使用倒F形天線做為基礎架構，設計出一種堆疊式的倒F形單極天線使其可雙頻操作，以及另一種利用共面波導饋入使其可將輻射體與接地面設計在同一平面上之天線；第二種設計為印刷式雙T形單極天線設計，此種天線設計藉由二水平輻射金屬線與一垂直輻射金屬線使其形成一堆疊之雙T形結構，並可輕易由輻射金屬線長度及寬度控制雙頻頻率及頻寬；第三種設計為印刷式分集單極天線設計，在這一章中我們提出多種整合式分集單極天線，此天線主要結構是利用兩支互相垂直的單極天線，中間包含了一接地面，使得此天線呈現了一個類似雙極化輻射特性，且隔離度在-27 dB以下，並且此天線設計可分別應用在單頻以及雙頻操作；最後一種設計為印刷式超寬頻分集單極天線設計，此天線設計可操作頻寬超過5 GHz以上，可有效包含多個通訊系統的操作頻帶，並設計成分集天線的結構，此設計方式具有對抗多重路徑干涉的優點。

Several novel designs of printed monopole antennas are proposed and experimentally studied. These antennas have the advantages of low profile, light weight and easy construction and can be printed on dielectric substrates and integrated with associated circuitry on the same substrates, which not only reduces the manufacturing cost but also decreases the required size of the complete system. This dissertation mainly consists of four sections and several novel designs are introduced in each section. First, a novel dual-band antenna with two stacked inverted-F strips and a CPW-fed folded inverted-F strip antenna are proposed. Second, a novel printed dual-band double-T monopole antenna, comprising two stacked T-shaped monopoles, is discussed. Third, three diversity antenna designs obtained by protruding a ground plane with optimal dimensions between two printed monopoles for WLAN communication applications in the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands are presented. Good dual-polarized radiation with an enhanced port decoupling (isolation less than –27 dB) for the two feeding ports is obtained. Finally, a novel printed ultra-wideband diversity monopole antenna is shown. The operating bandwidth of the ultra-wideband antenna reaches about 5.4 GHz, covering the WLAN bands at 2.4, 5.2 and 5.8 GHz, and the antenna can provide spatial diversity to combat the multipath fading problem.

第一章 序論 (Introduction) ……………………………...……………… 1
1. 1 概述 …………………………………….…………………….… 1
1. 2 文獻導覽 ………………………………………….………….…4
1. 3 內容提要 …………………………………………………….… 5

第二章 印刷式倒F形單極天線設計
(Printed Inverted-F Monopole Antenna) ……………………….. 9
2. 1 概述 ……………………………………………………………9
2. 2 一種新型的雙頻倒F形單極天線設計
(A Novel Dual-Band Printed Inverted-F Monopole
Antenna)………………………………………………….…10
2. 2. 1實驗結果與模擬分析……………………………..….13
2. 3 共面波導饋入之摺疊倒F形單極天線設計
(Coplanar Waveguide-Fed Folded Inverted-F Monopole
Antenna)……………………………………………...…..…….19
2. 3. 1 實驗結果與模擬分析………………………….………23
2.4心得與討論 ……………………………………………………..29

第三章 印刷式雙T形單極天線設計
(Printed Double-T Monopole Antenna)…………….…………..30
3. 1 概述 …………………………………….………………..…….30
3. 2 天線設計 ……………………………………………………… 31
3. 3 實驗結果與模擬分析…………….……….…………………. 35
3. 3. 1 改變天線參數所造成的影響…………………………..35
3. 3. 2 改變接地面尺寸所造成的影響………...…………….46
3. 4 心得與討論 ………………………………………...…………..51

第四章 印刷式分集單極天線設計
(Printed Diversity Monopole Antenna) ……………..………. 52
4. 1 概述 …………………………………………………………….52
4. 2 整合式分集印刷單極天線
(Integrated Diversity Printed Monopole Antenna)….….……53
4. 2. 1 實驗結果與模擬分析………………………………..…56
4. 3 整合式雙頻分集印刷單極天線
(Integrated Dual-Band Diversity Printed Monopole
Antenna) ………………………………………….…………...66
4. 3. 1實驗結果與模擬分析……………………………..…….70
4. 4整合式雙頻分集倒F形單極天線
(Integrated Dual-Band Diversity Inverted-F Monopole
Antenna)………………………………………………………..78
4. 4. 1實驗結果與模擬分析…………………………………..82
4. 5心得與討論………….………………………………….…….. 96

第五章 印刷式超寬頻分集單極天線設計
(Printed Ultra-Wideband Diversity Monopole Antenna) ….….. 98
5. 1 概述 ………………………………………………..…………...98
5. 2 天線設計 ……………………………...………….…………….99
5. 3 實驗結果與模擬分析 ……………………………..………….102
5. 4 心得與討論 …………………………………………………...112

第六章 結論 (Conclusions) ………………………….…..…………….113
參考文獻 (References) ……………………………….….…………… 118

附錄A 論文著作表 (Publication List) ……………………………… 123

1. T. Taga and K. Tsunekawa, Performance analysis of a built-in planar inverted-F antenna for 800 MHz hand portable radio units, IEEE J Select Areas Commum SAC-5, pp. 921-929, 1987.
2. F. R. Hsiao, H. T. Chen, G. Y. Lee, T. W. Chiou, and K. L. Wong, A dual-band planar inverted-F patch antenna with a branch-line slit, Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 310-312, Feb. 20, 2002.
3. F. R. Hsiao and K. L. Wong, Compact planar inverted-F patch antenna for triple-frequency operation, Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 33, pp. 459-462, June 20, 2002.
4. M. J. Ammann and L.E. Doyle, A loaded inverted-F antenna for mobile handset, Microwave Opt Technol Lett., vol. 28, pp.226-228, Feb. 20, 2001.
5. M. Ali and G.J. Hayes, Analysis of integrated inverted-F antennas for Bluetooth applications, in 2002 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 21-24.
6. D. Viratelle and R. J. Langley, Dual-band printed antenna for mobile telephone applications Microwaves, IEE Proc.-Microwave Antennas Propagat, vol. 147, pp.381-384, Oct. 2000.
7. Z. Ying, Printed twin spiral dual band antenna, U.S. Patent No. 6166694, Dec. 26, 2000.
8. Y. L. Kuo, T. W. Chiou and K.L. Wong, A novel dual-band printed inverted-F antenna, Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 353-355, Dec. 5, 2001.
9. M. Ali, M. Okoniewski, M. A. Stuchly and S. S. Stuchly, Dual-frequency strip-sleeve monopole for laptop computer, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 47, pp. 317-323, Feb. 1999.
10. S. H. Yeh and K. L. Wong, Dual-band F-shaped monopole antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz WLAN application, in 2002 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 4, pp. 72 -75.
11. J. R. James and P. S. Hall, Handbook of microstrip antenna, London, Peter pereginus Ltd., 1989.
12. W. L. Stutzman and G. A. Thiele, Antenna theory and design, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
13. K. L. Wong, Compact and broadband microstrip antennas, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
14. K. L. Wong, Planar antennas for wireless communications, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
15. C. Wu, Printed antenna structure for wireless data communications, U.S. Patent No. 6008774, Dec. 28, 1999.
16. L. M. Burns and C. L. Woo, Dual orthogonal monopole antenna system, U.S. Patent No. 5990838, Nov. 23, 1999.
17. U. Wahlberg, S. Widell and C. Beckman, The performance of polarization diversity antennas at 1800 MHz, in 1997 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 1369-1371.
18. C. Beckman and U. Wahlberg, Antenna systems for polarization diversity, Microwave J., vol. 40, pp. 330-334, May 1997.
19. B. S. Collins, Polarization diversity antennas for compact base stations, Microwave J., vol. 43, pp. 76-88, Jan. 2000.
20. B. Lindmark, A dual polarized dual band microstrip antenna for wireless communications, in Proc. 1998 IEEE Aerospace Conf, vol. 3, pp. 333-338.
21. T. W. Chiou, H. C. Tung and K. L. Wong, A dual-polarization wideband circular patch antenna with hybrid feeds, Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 26, pp. 37-39, July 5, 2000.
22. J.-F. Zuercher, Q. Xu, A. K. Skrivervik and J. R. Mosig, Dual-frequency, dual-polarization four-port printed planar antenna, Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 75-78, Oct. 20, 1999.
23. K. L. Wong and T. W. Chiou, Broadband dual-polarized patch antennas fed by capacitively coupled feed and slot-coupled feed, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 50, pp. 346-351, March 2002.
24. B. Lindmark, A novel dual polarized aperture coupled patch element with a single layer feed network and high isolation, in 1997 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 2190-2193.
25. I. Nystorm and D. Karlsson, Reduction of back radiation and cross-coupling in dual polarized aperture coupled patch antennas, in 1997 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 2222-2225.
26. C. Braun, G. Engblom and C. Beckman, Antenna diversity for mobile telephone, in 1998 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 2220-2223.
27. S. C. K. Ko and R. D. Murch, Compact integrated diversity antenna for wireless communications, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 49, pp. 954-960, June 2001.
28. First Report and Order in the matter of Revision of Part 15 of the Commission’s Rules Regarding Ultra-Wideband Transmission Systems, Released by Federal Communications Commission, ET-Docket 98-153, April 22, 2002.
29. G. Johnson and D. Keilen, Diversity antenna system for LAN communication system, U.S. Patent No. 6339404 B1, Jan. 2002.
30. J. A. Crawford, Card-based diversity antenna structure for wireless communications, U.S. Patent No. 6456245 B1, Sept. 2002.
31. T. Y. Wu, S. T. Fang and K. L. Wong, Printed diversity monopole antenna for WLAN operation, Electron. Lett., vol. 38, pp. 1625-1626, 2002.
32. J. A. Evans and M.J. Amunann, Planar trapezoidal and pentagonal monopoles with impedance bandwidths in excess of 10:1, in 1999 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp., vol. 3, pp. 1558-1561.
33. K. Yegin and A.Q. Martin, Very broadband loaded monopole antennas, in 1997 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp., vol. 1, pp. 232-235.
34. M. Hammoud, P. Poey and F. Colombel, Matching the input impedance of a broadband disc monopole, Electron. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 406-407, Feb. 18, 1993.
35. N. P. Agrawall, G. Kumar and K. P. Ray, Wide-band planar monopole antennas, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 46, pp. 294-295, Feb. 1998.
36. M. J. Ammann, A wideband monopole for Reconfigurable Multiband Radio Terminals, in 2001 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 1, pp. 170-173.
37. E. Lee, P. S. Hall and P. Gardner, Compact wideband planar monopole antenna, Electron. Lett., vol. 35, pp. 2157-2158, Dec. 9, 1999.