本研究目的在於了解想像受凌者較常用與其知覺較有效的因應策略有哪些，並探討兩者與性別、教育階段間的關聯。研究對象主要以國小4到6年級及國中與高中學生為主，擇選台灣中、南部地區10所學校，研究參與者包括322位男生、271位女生，合計共回收593份有效問卷，選用Kristensen與Smith（2003）所改編之自我因應策略量表（Self-Report Coping Measure, [SRCM]）進行調查，並採用Rasch技術進行量表之信效度檢驗，再以MANOVA分析。研究結果發現，想像受凌者知覺較有效且常使用的因應策略為尋求協助及問題解決，而知覺較無效且較少使用之因應策略為外化及內化。此外，針對背景變項的部分，本研究發現女學生在使用內化因應策略的頻率顯著高於男學生，而男學生則視外化為比較有效的因應策略。關於教育階段的部分，高中學生使用問題解決、內化、外化因應策略的頻率均大於國中及國小學生；然5種因應策略的知覺有效性在教育階段上並未有顯著差異。最後針對研究結果提出建議，希望學校能多推廣因應策略的相關知識，讓更多學生知道當他們遇到霸凌事件時能如何因應，以減少其因此造成的傷害。

The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the coping strategies which victims of bullying instances often use and perceive to be effective and to examine whether there were significant differences among the strategies that are perceived to be effective, frequently used strategies, and their background variables (gender and education). A total of 593 valid questionnaires were collected from students from elementary, junior high and senior high schools. This study adopted the Kristensen and Smith’s（2003）Self-Report Coping Measure (SRCM) measures as the instrument to investigate coping strategies. Rasch model and MANOVA were used as the methods of analysis. The results of this study showed that the strategies of “Seeking Social Support” and “Self-Reliance/Problem Solving” were most often used and perceived as more effective. On the contrary, the coping strategies of “Internalizing” and “Externalizing” were perceived as less effective and were rarely used. In addition, female students had a significantly higher frequency to utilize “Internalization” than male students. “Externalizing” was perceived to be more effective among male students. High school students had a significantly higher frequency in using “Problem-solving”, “Internalization” and “Externalization”. However, there were no significant differences in the perceived effectiveness of the five strategies in different levels of education. Based on the results of this study, the researcher hopes schools can enhance students’ knowledge on coping strategies in bullying instances to reduce and prevent bullying.

目錄
論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
圖次 vi
表次 vii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 名詞解釋 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 因應策略及相關理論 5
第二節 因應相關量表 9
第三節 因應策略與校園霸凌之相關研究 14
第三章 研究方法 18
第一節 研究對象 18
第二節 研究工具 19
第三節 研究程序 22
第四節 分析方法 23
第四章 研究結果 25
第五章 討論與建議 41
第一節 討論 41
第二節 研究限制及未來建議 43
參考文獻 45
附錄一 52
因應策略研究問卷 52

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