本研究主要目的在探討蛇木屑生物濾床法與次氯酸鈉(NaOCl)串聯鹼性過氧化氫(H2O2)兩段式化學洗滌法，去除回收耐龍熱熔(250oC)造粒過程中，塑料所產生的排氣異味。在研究過程中建立生物濾床與兩段式化學洗滌最佳操作參數，以改善排氣及臭味。
研究分二主題進行：其一利用蛇木屑生物濾床去除耐龍熱熔排氣產生VOCs及異味；另一為利用兩段式化學洗滌去除上述產生VOCs及異味，供試含VOCs及異味氣體樣品在實驗室以烘烤相關回收耐龍膠粒產生。
生物處理實驗設備為一壓克力製生物濾床(14 cmW ×14 cmL ×120 cmH)，內填充19.6 L蛇木屑濾料至高度100 cm，氣體為上流式。處理過氣體可直接排放至大氣中或引入至5.2 cm內填充30 g圓柱型活性碳吸附後再排放至大氣中。
生物處理研究結果顯示：在pH 5.5-7.0的操作條件下，氣體空塔停留時間(EBRT)控制在6-12秒，總碳氫化合物(THC)濃度0.65-2.61 mg m-3，有機負荷為0.05-0.85 g m-3 h-1，THC去除效率可達80%。每1000 m3排氣處理費用合計約USD 0.41 (NTD 12.2)。
化學洗滌實驗設備為兩組500 mL洗滌瓶，分別填充300 mL稀釋之次氯酸鈉溶液及300 mL稀釋之鹼性過氧化氫溶液，熱熔氣體注入速率為1 L min-1。
化學洗滌研究結果顯示：在氧化洗滌液有效氯濃度15-95 mg L-1，pH調整在 6.54-10.8之間，氧化洗滌排氣再經以pH值12.0-12.4的35%的過氧化氫之水溶液將氯氣還原，在熱熔氣體揮發性有機物濃度15-28.5 ppm (as methane equivalent)範圍內，去除率可達95%。依試驗結果計算，以洗滌法去除異味。每1000 m3排氣處理藥品(次氯酸鈉、過氧化氫、液鹼)費用合計約USD 0.07 (NTD 2.1 )。本研究化學洗滌方法為有效性和經濟性處理熱熔排氣異味。

This study aimed to develop a biotrickling-biofilter process and a two-stage chemical scrubbing process to absorb and oxidize VOCs in vented gas from hot-melt granulation of waste nylon at 250oC as a renewable raw material. The gas contains fumes and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with unpleasant plastic-burning odors which may arise complaints when smelled by nearby residents.
A pilot-scale biotrickling-biofilter consisting of an acrylic column (14 cm sq. × 120 cm H) was used for the test. The column was initially packed with 19.6 L of prepared fern chips to a height of 100 cm. A 20-L nutrient solution tank with an effective volume of 16 L and a circulation pump with a pumping rate of 10 L min-1 were provided for moistening and nutrition of the biomedia. The bio-treated gas vented from the bio column was either vented to the atmosphere or introduced to a column of 5.2 cm inner diameter packed with 30 g of cylinder-type granular activated carbon (GAC) of 2-3 mm in diameter and length. The GAC was intended to adsorb residual VOCs or odorous compounds from the bio-treated gas.
Results of the biotreatment test indicate that oxygen- and nitrogen-containing hydrocarbons as well as paraffins were major VOCs (volatile organic compounds) emitted from thermal smelting of recycled nylon at 250oC. With operation conditions of media pH of 5.5-7.0, EBRT (empty bed retention time) of 6-12 s, influent THC (total hydrocarbons) concentrations of 0.65-2.61 mg m-3, and volumetric organic loading of 0.05-0.85 g m-3 h-1, the fern chip packed biofilter with nutrients of milk, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and glucose could achieve an overall THC removal efficiency of around 80%. Burnt odor emitted from the smelting of the recycled nylon could be eliminated by the biofilter. Estimations indicate that for scrubbing 1000 actual cubic meters (Am3 @25oC) of the exhaust gas and the total cost of chemicals and electricity is around US $0.41 (NTD 12.2).
In the chemical scrubbing process, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions were used to scrub and oxidize the VOCs and the associated odors from the hot-melting exhaust. An alkaline hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution was followed to remove chlorine (Cl2) emitted from the oxidative solution. Laboratory scrubbing bottles with a liquid volume of 300 mL were used with the hot melt gas injected into the system at a rate of 1 L min-1 at 25oC.
Results from the chemical scrubbing tests indicate that by purging the test gas through a solution with available chlorine (Cl2) of 15-95 mg L-1 at an adjusted pH (6.54-10.8), and then through a solution with pH in the range of 12.0-12.4 and 0.35% H2O2, 95% of the VOCs in the range of 15.0-28.5 ppm (expressed as methane equivalent) were removed. The pungent burnt plastic odor in the test gas was almost completely removed. Estimations indicate that it requires around 0.058, 0.0517, and 0.0949 kg of NaOCl solution (12% available Cl2), H2O2 solution (35% H2O2), and sodium hydroxide solution (45% NaOH), respectively, for scrubbing 1000 normal cubic meters (Nm3) of the exhaust gas and the total chemical costs is around US $0.07 (NTD 2.1). This study has developed a new, effective, and economic process for reducing odorous compounds in hot-melt gas.

謝誌 i
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iv
List of Contents vii
List of Tables x
List of Figures xi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Review of Literatures 4
2.1 Biological processes for odor control 4
2.2 Chemical scrubbing processes for odor control 7
Chapter 3 Material and Methods 10
3.1 Biological treatment 10
3.1.1 Experimental Setup 10
3.1.2 Materials 11
3.1.3 Operation 12
3.1.4 Analysis 14
3.2 Chemical Scrubbings treatment 17
3.2.1 Experimental Setup 17
3.2.2 Materials 19
3.2.3 Analytical 20
Chapter 4 Results and Discussions 23
4.1 Biological treatment 23
4.1.1 VOCs emitted from smelting nylon 23
4.1.2 Performance on THC Elimination 25
4.1.3 Olfactory test 35
4.1.4 Cost estimation for the biological treatment 36
4.2 Chemical Scrubbings treatment 38
4.2.1 Effects of Initial Available Cl2 Concentration on the NMHC Removal 38
4.2.2 GC-MSD Examination 42
4.2.3 Olfactory Test 44
4.2.4 Cl2 Consumption for the NMHC Removal 44
4.2.5 Estimation of Chemical Requirements 45
Chapter 5 Conclusions 48
5.1 Biological treatment 48
5.2 Chemical scrubbing 48
Chapter 6 Suggestions 51
References 52
Appendix 作者簡歷 59

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