本研究針對台灣西南海域之天竺鯛科魚類，進行時空分佈及生物學的研究，以了解本海域天竺鯛科魚類的分佈、生殖及幼生補充情況。自2000年6月至2005年8月，利用海研三號於台灣西南沿海水深15至25米以淺之茄萣、左營、中洲、林園、大鵬、林邊及枋寮等7個測站，進行33個航次、411網次的採樣，共捕獲天竺鯛科魚類2屬15種4,419尾。其中有六種，包括棘眼天竺鯛（Apogon fraenatus）、摩鹿加天竺鯛（Apogon moluccensis）、黑鰭天竺鯛（Apogon nigripinnis）、黑帶天竺鯛（Apogon nigrifasciatus）、雙點天竺鯛（Apogon notatus）及半線天竺鯛（Apogon semilineatus）為過去未曾在沙泥底質環境中有記錄之種類。
種類數以枋寮（11種）最多，茄萣與大鵬最少（5種）。豐度和生物量分別以林園（15.3 尾/網）及中洲最高（60.0 公克/網），但皆以茄萣為最低（2.1尾/網，11.7公克/網）。最優勢種為四線天竺鯛（Apogon fasciatus），其豐度佔總捕獲量之86.6%，亦為各測站之最優勢種；次優勢種有側帶天竺鯛（Apogon pleuron）（4.4%）、布氏長鰭天竺鯛（Archamia bleekeri）（2.9%）、條紋天竺鯛（Apogon striatus）（2.6%）及黑天竺鯛（Apogon niger）（1.2%），這前五優勢種共佔總捕獲量之97.7%。
四線天竺鯛及側帶天竺鯛雖然在外表上極為相似，但其全長和體重相關式有明顯不同（ANCOVA, p<0.001），前者為 BW = 1.7 × (10^-6)(TL^3.488)，後者為 BW = 3.4×(10^-6)(TL^3.312)。
由體長頻度推算，四線天竺鯛成長速率為1.88 yr^-1，t0為-0.04，極限體長為105.5 mm，其在1歲前快速成長，至1歲時即可達92 mm TL，之後成長趨緩。其最小成熟體長為46.39 mm TL (約3個月)，最初成熟體長為75.39 mm TL，約7個月大即達性成熟。其卵徑頻度分布為多峰型，屬多次產卵魚種。主要的繁殖季在3至9月，而乾濕季交界的5月及10月則為補充群進入的高峰時期。但因終年皆發現全長小於30 mm約1個月大之幼魚，故推論其可能全年皆有繁殖，並可能以林園以南為其最主要的棲息地。

The species composition and recruitment of apogonids in the coastal waters off southwestern Taiwan were investigated, in order to understand their spatiotemporal variation and the biology of the dominant species, Apogon fasciatus.
From June 2000 to August 2005, samples were collected by a beam trawl, operating at seven stations, including Jiading, Zouying, Jhongjhou, Linyuan, Dapeng, Linbian and Fangliao. In total, 33 cruises with 411 nets were included.
A total of 4,540 specimens of Apogonidae were collected, belonging to 2 genus and 15 species. There were 6 species, including Apogon fraenatus, Apogon moluccensis, Apogon nigripinnis, Apogon nigrifasciatus, Apogon notatus and Apogon semilineatus, which were first recorded in the sandy or muddy habitats.
The number of species was highest at Fangliao (11 species) and lowest at Dapeng and Jiading (5 spp.). Abundance and biomass were highest at Zouying (15.3 ind./net ) and Jhongjhou (60.0 g/net), respectively, whereas, the lowest abundance and biomass were both at Jiading (2.1 ind./net; 11.1 g/net).
The most abundant species was Apogon fasciatus (86.6%), which also was the dominant species at each station, following by Apogon pleuron (4.5%), Apogon striatus (2.7%), Archamia bleekeri (2.7%) and Apogon niger (1.2%), comprising 97.7% of the apogonids.
Although A. fasciatus and A. pleuron resemble similarly in shape and decorative pattern, the length-weight relationships are significantly different (ANOCA, p<0.001). The former is BW = 1.7 × (10^-6)(TL^3.488), the later is 3.4×(10^-6)(TL^3.312) .
The parameters, K, L∞, t0, of von Bertalanffy growth function of A. fasciatus were 1.88 yr^-1, 105.5 mm TL and -0.04. Showing that A. fasciatus growths much quicker before Age 1 than thereafter. The minimum size of mature female A. fasciatus was found 46.39 mm TL, and the size at maturity (L50) is estimated 75.39 mm TL, approximately 7 month-old. The frequency distribution of egg diameter indicated it is a multiple spawner. In May and October which were transit period between dry and rainy seasons, the abundance of A. fasciatus was normally higher than rest months reflecting the annual recruitment of this species. The GSI variation showed that the major breeding season was form on March to September. However, the small A. fasciatus (< 30 mm TL, about 1 month-old) were found throughout the year that implied A. fasciatus may reproduce annually. Moreover, coastal southward waters of Linyuan was the mainly habitat of A. fasciatus in southwestern coastal waters off Taiwan.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
附表目錄 xi
謝辭 xii

壹、前言 1
1.1天竺鯛科介 1
1.2文獻回顧 2
1.2.1 國外相關天竺鯛科之研究 2
1.2.2 國內相關天竺鯛科之研究 4
1.3研究動機與目的 5
貳、材料與方法 7
2.1樣品採集 7
2.2樣品處理 7
2.2.1魚體前處理流程 7
2.2.2組織切片 8
2.2.3卵徑及孕卵數測量 8
2.3資料分析 8
2.3.1時空分布及優勢種 9
2.3.2成長 9
2.3.3生殖 10
&#21441;、結果 11
3.1 環境因子-水文 11
3.2台灣西南沿海天竺鯛種類組成 11
3.2.1 天竺鯛種類組成及累積魚情況 11
3.2.2台灣西南沿海天竺鯛魚類之時空分佈 12
3.2.2.1種數、豐度及生物量之地點差異 12
3.2.2.2各測站之優勢種 13
3.3天竺鯛科魚類之時間變化 13
3.4優勢種四線天竺鯛之時間變化 14
3.4.1豐度和生物量 14
3.4.2體長頻度 15
3.5其他天竺鯛科魚類的時空變化 15
3.6四線天竺鯛的生物學 16
3.6.1四線天竺鯛及其他次優勢天竺鯛之體長體重關係式 16
3.6.2四線天竺鯛之成長方程式 16
3.6.3四線天竺鯛的生殖 17
3.6.3.1卵發育情況與卵巢成熟階段 17
3.6.3.2雌魚之最小及最初成熟體長 18
3.6.3.3成熟階段、生殖腺指數、肝指數及飽滿度之月別變化 18
肆、討論 19
4.1水文變化 19
4.2種類與棲地 19
4.3空間變化 21
4.4成長 22
4.5生殖及時序變化 22
伍、參考文獻 25
表 31
圖 42
附表 73
圖版 84

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