在知識爆炸的時代，網際網路上充斥著大量的資料與資訊，但唯有經過群體之間的討論與互動過程，才可以將資料與資訊轉換成有用知識，並將知識進一步地擴散出去以創造出更高的價值。因此，我們需要一種工具與機制，讓人們可以針對網路上大量的資訊，充分且精確地表達個人的理解與想法，並將之與他人共享、交流，以落實將資訊轉化為知識，並進一步傳遞給他人的目的。

本研究欲透過相關文獻的探討，找出知識創造與知識分享的重要步驟，並同時藉由分析資訊系統在此議題的重要性，以找出何種資訊系統可以擔任支援知識創造與知識分享的角色；並且探討資訊系統實際上應具備何種功能來支援上述重要步驟，最後使用一種廣泛被接受的塑模語言和系統開發與設計方法論，來實際描述此種資訊系統應有的概念與架構。

None

1.緒論................................................................................................................1
1.1研究背景與動機.....................................................................................................1
1.2研究目的..................................................................................................................2
1.3研究方法與流程.....................................................................................................3
1.4論文組織..................................................................................................................6
2.文獻探討.......................................................................................................7
2.1知識創造與知識分享............................................................................................7
2.1.1知識創造......................................................................................................7
2.1.2知識分享......................................................................................................7
2.1.3知識分享的溝通觀點.................................................................................9
2.1.資訊系統對於知識分享與知識分享的重要性.......................................10
2.2電腦支援協同工作...............................................................................................12
2.2.1電腦支援協同工作簡介...........................................................................13
2.2.2電腦支援協同工作之共享技術..............................................................14
2.2.3研究電腦支援協同工作之常見議題.....................................................15
2.2.3電腦支援協同工作的實際應用－群體註解系統................................18
2.3統一塑模語言.......................................................................................................19
2.3.1統一化模型語言之緣由...........................................................................19
2.3.2 UML模型圖的種類..................................................................................20
2.3.3使用案例圖................................................................................................21
2.3.4類別圖與物件圖.......................................................................................23
2.3.5互動圖........................................................................................................26
2.3.6狀態圖........................................................................................................28
2.3.7活動圖........................................................................................................29
2.3.8實體圖........................................................................................................30
3.需求分析.....................................................................................................32
3.1「知識創造與知識分享」的相關分析.................................................................32
3.2「電腦支援協同工作與群體註解系統」的相關分析........................................35
3.3系統功能需求分析...............................................................................................38
4.系統分析與設計........................................................................................42
4.1建立使用個案圖..................................................................................................43
4.1.1找出行為者...............................................................................................43
4.1.2找出使用個案............................................................................................44
4.1.3描述使用個案............................................................................................46
4.1.4找出使用個案之間的關係，繪製使用個案圖....................................50
4.2概念塑模...............................................................................................................51
4.2.1概念塑模：瀏覽文件...............................................................................52
4.2.2概念塑模：選取內容...............................................................................53
4.2.3概念塑模：增加註解...............................................................................54
4.2.4概念塑模：刪除註解...............................................................................55
4.2.5概念塑模：修改註解...............................................................................56
4.2.6概念塑模：回覆註解...............................................................................57
4.2.7概念塑模：統計記錄...............................................................................58
4.2.8概念塑模：瀏覽查詢註解內容.............................................................59
4.2.9概念塑模：載入文件註解.......................................................................60
4.3靜態塑模................................................................................................................61
4.3.1類別圖：瀏覽文件...................................................................................62
4.3.2類別圖：選取內容...................................................................................63
4.3.3類別圖：增加註解...................................................................................64
4.3.4類別圖：刪除註解...................................................................................65
4.3.5類別圖：修改註解...................................................................................66
4.3.6類別圖：回覆註解...................................................................................67
4.3.7類別圖：統計記錄...................................................................................68
4.3.8類別圖：瀏覽查詢註解內容..................................................................69
4.3.9類別圖：載入文件註解.............................................................................70
4.4動態塑模：互動圖...............................................................................................71
4.4.1互動圖：瀏覽文件...................................................................................72
4.4.2互動圖：選取內容...................................................................................73
4.4.3互動圖：增加註解...................................................................................74
4.4.4互動圖：刪除註解...................................................................................76
4.4.5互動圖：修改註解...................................................................................77
4.4.6互動圖：回覆註解...................................................................................78
4.4.7互動圖：統計記錄...................................................................................79
4.4.8互動圖：瀏覽查詢註解內容..................................................................80
4.4.9互動圖：載入文件註解..........................................................................82
4.5分析與設計成果...................................................................................................83
4.5.1運用統一塑模語言之成效......................................................................83
4.5.2運用統一塑模語言之心得與建議..........................................................90

5.結論與建議...........................................................................................93
5.1研究成果與貢獻..................................................................................................93
5.2研究範圍與限制..................................................................................................94
5.3未來研究方向.......................................................................................................95
6.參考文獻...............................................................................................96
6.1中文部分...............................................................................................................96
6.2中文部分...............................................................................................................97

中文部分

1. 王傑民（民九十），「UML 分析資訊系統以建構再使用軟體元件之研究與製作─以鞋業B To B 系統為例」，國立臺北科技大學生產系統工程與管理研究所碩士論文

2. 方蘭生（民八十），傳播原理，台北：三民書局

3. 李廣智（民八六），「應用程式共享框架技術之實作：以Java 為基礎
的多媒體電子教室環境」，國立台灣大學資訊工程研究所。

4. 汪金城（民九十），「研發機構知識分享之研究－以工研院光電所研發團隊為例」，國立政治大學公共行政研究所碩士論文

5. 吳仁和、林信惠（民九十），系統分析與設計：理論與實務應用，台北致勝文化

6. 林志豪（民八七），「群體合作學習機制在Web 教學環境上之探討」，
大葉大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文。

7. 范奎偉（民八六），「群組視窗應用程式－共用白皮溝通系統的設計及
實作」，淡江大學資訊工程研究所碩士論文。

8. 夏啟文（民八六），「應用程式的共享技術及其應用」，國立台灣大學資訊工程研究所博士論文。

9. 「淺談應用程式共享技術」，華經資訊雙月刊，
http://www.fis.com.tw/printed/5-2-3.html

10. 趙光正、薛琇文譯，「UML精華」，?眳p資訊, 2000

11. 黃麗燕（民八九），「在電腦支援協同環境下建構地理及空間資料傳輸應用系統」，國防管理學院國防資訊研究所碩士學位論文

12. 嚴竹華（民九十），「溝通能力與溝通態度對溝通效能影響之研究」，中原大學企業管理學系碩士論文。



英文部分

1. Abbott R.（1983）,“Program Design by Informal English Description”, Communications of the ACM Vol.26

2. Albir S., UML in a nutshell, O’REILLY, 1999

3. Booch G., Object-Oriented Analysis and Design-WithApplication, Addison Wesley, 1994

4. Booch G., I. Jacobson and J. Rumbaugh, The Unified Software Development
Process, Addison Wesley, 1998

5. Booch G., I. Jacobson and J. Rumbaugh, The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, Addison Wesley, 1998

6. Davenport, Thomas H. & Prusak, Laurence, Working Knowledge , Havard Business School Express, 1998

7. Ellis, C. A., Gibbs, S. J., and Rein, G. L. (1991), “Groupware: Some Issues and Experiences”, Communications of the ACM, Vol 34, No. 1 , pp. 38-58.

8. Group Annotations in NCSA Mosaic, http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Docs/group-annotations.html.

9. Hansen, M. T., N. Nohria, and T. Tierney, “What’s your strategy for managing knowledge?,” Harvard Business Review, March-April, 1999,pp.106-116.

10. Hendriks, P., “Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on motivation for knowledge sharing, ” Knowledge and Process Management,Vol.6.No.2,pp.91-100(1999).

11. Ian Chai(1998), “Habanero Tutorial”,
http://st-www.cs.uiuc.edu/users/chai/writing/perppery-traditional

12. Jacobson, I., Object-Oriented Software Engineering, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1994.

13. J. Grudin(1994), “Computer Supported Cooperative Work: History and Focus”, IEEE Computer, Vol. 27, pp.19-26。

14. Larman, Applying UML and Patterns, Prentice Hill, 1997
15. Muller P.A., Instant UML, Wrox, 1997

16. Newell, A., “The knowledge level,” Artif Intel, Vol.18,pp.187-127(1982).

17. Newell, Swan, Galliers, and Scarbrough, “The intranet as snowledge management tool? Creating new electronic fences,” in M. Khosrowpour(ed) Managing Information Technology Resources In The Next Millennium, Proceeding of the 1999 IRMA International Conference, 17-19 May, Hershey, USA, pp.612-619(1999).

18. Nonaka, I, “A Dynamic Theory of organizational Knowledge Creation”, organization Science, Vol.15, n. 1,pp.14-37, 1994.

19. Noraka & Takeuchi , The knowledge-creating company , Oxford University Press, 1995

20. Tissen, Rene; Sndriessin, Daniel & Deprez, L. Frank ,Value-Based Knowledge management ,Longman , 1998

21. The Unified Modeling Language v1.3, Object Management Group, http://www.omg.org/uml

22. Wijnhoven, F., “Knowledge Logistic in Business Contexts: Analyzing and Diagnosing Knowledge Sharing by Logistics Concepts”, Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.5,pp.143-157,1998.