創新政策可以促進技術、知識和經濟的發展，是組織創新與技術創新活動的驅動力，從而形成了金三角創新模式，亦是影響國家創新系統成功的關鍵因素。同時，組織創新為技術創新的前置因素，兩者相輔相成。探討創新政策、組織創新與技術創新能力之關係是學術與實務界一項迫切研究議題。由於區域創新系統與產業創新系統在創新活動中存在本質不同，其影響因素與關係架構存在差異，故宜分別探討與驗證。
在區域創新系統層面，本文進行創新政策、組織創新與技術創新能力之關係研究。首先、釐清創新政策、組織創新與技術創新能力之關係；其次、探討技術創新能力對組織創新與企業績效之關係的中介效果；最後、釐清政府創新政策角色之調節效果。以問卷調查的方式收集中國珠三角323個企業樣本，採用結構方程式分析驗證研究假說。實證結果顯示組織創新對技術創新能力呈正向顯著影響，技術創新能力與企業績效呈正向顯著影響，技術創新能力對組織創新與績效具有中介效果；同時發現在低創新政策條件下組織創新透過技術創新能力與企業績效呈顯著調節效果，在高創新政策條件下組織創新透過技術創新能力與企業績效調節效果不顯著，顯示政府高度創新政策介入易造成企業過於仰賴政府補助措施而削弱組織創新資源的投入。
在產業創新系統層面，本文探討技術創新能力對創新政策與產品績效之中介效果，以及三者之間的關係，以問卷調查的方式蒐集深圳科技園區193個製造業研究樣本，採用結構方程模式實證分析以驗證各項相關假說。實證結果顯示創新政策對技術創新能力呈顯著正向關聯；而技術創新能力之研發能力、組織能力、策略規劃能力對產品績效呈顯著正向關聯，同時也發現學習能力、製造能力和行銷能力與和產品績效不顯著；技術創新能力對創新政策與產品績效具有完全中介效果。
綜合上述研究結果發現，政府的創新政策對組織創新、技術創新能力與企業績效具有調節作用，並可以透過提升技術創新能力影響企業績效。最後，提出結論、管理意涵和未來研究方向，期能供學術理論研究和實務管理者參酌。

Innovation policy can be regarded as drive force to facilitate technology, knowledge, and economic developing as well as organizational innovation and technology innovation. These can be formed triangle innovation model, which led to strengthen key success factors of the national innovation system. Consequently, the organization innovation is an antecedent to the technology innovation in which they can realize complementarity each other in innovation processes. The relationship among the innovation policy, organization innovation, and technological innovation capability is crucial issue in the practices and academic. Essentially, due to the different existing of the contextual in regional innovation and industrial innovation system, may have different influence factors and concerns and thus to be discussed separately.
In regarding to regional innovation system, the relationship among innovation policy, organization innovation, and technological innovation capability was explored in China’ regional innovation system. First, we examined and clarified what kinds of the relationship existing above innovation elements. Second, this study examines the mediating effect of technological innovation capability for the relationship between organization innovation and firm performances. Finally, we clarify the moderating role of government innovation policy on the effect of innovation striving processes. Empirically, we collect original 323 high-tech firm-level data as our sample from emerging Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. Using survey data from PRD, we employ the structural equation modeling (SEM) to test our hypotheses. We found that the organization innovation is positively and significantly associated with technological innovation capability. Consequently, the technological innovation capability is positively and significantly related to the firm performances. In addition, a mediating effect is found between the technological innovation capability, organization innovation, and firm performances. In particular, results indicate that the positive effect of innovation policy on firms’ performance become more weaken when innovation policy greatly intervene in complementary nature on organizational and technological innovation in their innovative activity. The results imply that a high degree of innovation policy intervene in innovation activity may lead to overly government subsidy and thus weaken the input of innovation resources.
In regarding to industrial innovation system, this study investigates the mediating effect of technological innovation capability on the innovation policy and product performance, and consequently to identify their relations. Furthermore, we use questionnaire survey to collecting our data, using the SEM as an analysis method to test our hypotheses, 193 high-tech firms was obtaining as samples from Shenzhen Science and Technology Park in Guangzhou, China. Based on statistics analysis of data from our survey, we found that innovation policy is positively and significantly related to technological innovation capability. We also found that the research and development (R&D) capability, organization capability, and strategic planning capability are positively and significantly associated with product performances. At the same time, our results indicate that learning capability, manufacturing capability, and marketing capability appear no significantly related to product performances. However, the technological innovation capability plays fully moderating effect between innovation policy and product performances.
Overall, we find that the government innovation policy has moderating impacts on the relationship between the organization innovation, technological innovation capability, and firm performance. We discuss the conclusions, managerial implication, and future direction of our findings for research on innovation theory and highlight how they impact managers in practices.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 vi
圖次 viii
表次 ix
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 5
第三節 研究流程 6
第四節 研究範圍與研究限制 9
第二章 文獻探討 11
第一節 創新理論發展 11
第二節 創新政策 15
第三節 組織創新 17
第四節 技術創新能力 19
第五節 企業績效 21
第六節 金三角創新模式 22
第三章 研究設計 25
第一節 研究結構 25
第二節 研究對象與資料收集 26
第三節 問卷設計 34
第四節 統計分析 37
第四章 創新政策、組織創新與技術創新能力之關係 41
第一節 研究模型 41
第二節 研究假說 41
第三節 統計分析方法 45
第四節 實證分析 45
第五節 研究發現 51
第五章 技術創新能力對創新政策與產品績效之中介效果 53
第一節 研究模型 54
第二節 研究假說 54
第三節 統計分析方法 56
第四節 實證分析 56
第五節 研究發現 65
第六章 結論與建議 67
第一節 研究結論 67
第二節 建議 70
第三節 學術貢獻 72
第四節 管理意涵 72
參考文獻 74
附錄 84

一、中文部分

施振榮，2004，再造宏基：開創、成長與挑戰，臺北：天下文化出版社。
洪世章、林於婷，2003，「國家創新系統: 概念、成因與效果」，研考雙月刊，27卷4期：24~33。
張元傑，2004，「後工業化時代的科技創新政策：技術-服務融合典範轉移」，科技發展政策報導，2期：103~115。
深圳市人民政府，2014，「深圳市機器人、可穿戴設備和智慧裝備產業發展規劃（2014—2020年）」, http://www.sz.gov.cn/zfgb/2014/gb903/201412/t20141215_2758273.htm/, accessed on December 1, 2015.
深圳市統計局，2014，深圳統計年鑒，北京：中國統計出版社。
符文穎、李郇，2010，「企業創新與產業升級—珠江三角洲（廣州、東莞）電子企業問卷調查報告」，南方經濟，10卷1期：71-82。
陳勁，2013，科學、技術與創新政策，北京：科學出版社，230~245。
傅家驥，1998，技術創新學，北京：清華大學出版社，5~7。
廣東省統計局，2015，廣東統計年鑒，北京：中國統計出版社。
鮑克，1994，「市場經濟中的技術創新政策」，科學學研究，12卷4期：47~54。
薛鳳旋、楊春，1997，「外資：發展中國家城市化的新動力-珠江三角洲個案研究」，地理學報，52卷3期：193~206。
魏喜武、楊耀武，2012，「全球創新政策,中國有待加強—《2012全球創新政策指數報告》解讀」，華東科技，7期：28-29。

二、英文部分
Adler, P.S. and Shenhar, A., 1990, “Adapting Your Technological Base: The Organizational Challenge,” Sloan Management Review, Vol. 32, No. 1, 25-37.
Afuah, A., 2003, Innovation Management: Strategies, Implementation, and Profits, NY: Oxford.
Agarwa, R. and Selen, W., 2009, “Dynamic Capability Building in Service Value Networks for Achieving Service Innovation,” Decision Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 1, 431-475.
Amabile, T.M. and Gryskiewicz, S.S., 1988, “Creative Human Resource in the R&D Laboratory: How Environment and Personality Affect Innovation,” In Kuhn, R.L. (ed.), Handbook of Creative and Innovative Managers, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill.
Ancona, D. and Caldwell, D.F., 1987, “Management Issues Facing New Product Teams in High Technology Companies,” In: Advances in Industrial and Labour Relations, Greenwich: JAI Press, 191-221.
Anderson, J.C. and Gerbing, D.W., 1988, “Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-step Approach,” Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 103, No. 3, 411-423.
Armbruster, H., Bikfalvi, A., Kinkel, S. and Lay, G., 2008, “Organizational Innovation: The Challenge of Measuring Non-technical Innovation in Large-scale Surveys,” Technovation, Vol. 28, No. 10, 644-657.
Bagozzi, R.P. and Yi, Y., 1988, “On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 16, No. 1, 74-94.
Baker, W. E. and Sinkula, J. M., 1999, “The Synergistic Effort of Market Orientation and Learning Orientation on Organizational Performance,” Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 27, No. 4, 411-427.
Ballot, G., Fakhfakh, F., Galia, F. and Salter, A., 2015, “The Fateful Triangle: Complementarities in Performance between Product, Process and Organizational innovation in France and the UK,” Research Policy, Vol. 44 No. 1, 217-232.
Barney, J., 1991, “Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage,” Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, 99-120.
Baron, R. M. and Kenny, D. A., 1986, “The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 51 No. 6, 1173-1182.
Barton, J.H., 1984, “Coping with Technological Protectionism,” Harvard Business Review, Vol. 62, No. 6, 91-98.
Battisti, G. and Stoneman, P., 2010, “How Innovative are UK Firms? Evidence from the Fourth UK Community Innovation Survey on Synergies between Technological and Organizational Innovations,” British Journal of Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, 187-206.
Becker, B. and Hall, S.G., 2003, “The Determinants of High-tech versus Low-tech R&D Investment: Evidence from Testing the Pooling Assumption,” NIESR Discussion Papers, No. 217.
Becker, B. and Hall, S.G., 2013, “Do R&D Strategies in High-tech Sectors Differ from those in Low-tech Sectors? - An Alternative Approach to Testing the Pooling Assumption,” Economic Change and Restructuring, Vol. 46, No. 2, 183-202.
Betz, F., 1993, Strategic Technology Management, Change, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Branzei, O. and Vertinsky, I., 2006, “Strategic Pathways to Product Innovation Capabilities in SMEs,” Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 21, No. 1, 75-105.
Brown, S. and Eisenhardt, K., 1997, “The art of Continuous Change: Linking Complexity Theory and Time-paced Evolution in Relentlessly Shifting Organizations,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 42, No. 1,1-34.
Buesa, M., Heijs, J., Pellitero, M.M. and Baumert, T., 2006, “Regional Systems of Innovation and the Knowledge Production Function: the Spanish Case,” Technovation, Vol. 26, No.4, 463-472.
Burgelman, R., 1996, Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Burgelman, R., Maidique, M.A. and Wheelwright, S.C., 2001, Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, New York: McGraw-Hill, 10-14.
Burgelman, R., Maidique, M.A. and Wheelwright, S.C., 2004, Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, New York: McGraw Hill.
Calantone, R.J., Vickery, S.K. and Dröge, C., 1995, “Business Performance and Strategic New Product Development Activities: An Empirical Investigation,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 12, No. 3, 214-223.
Caloghirou, Y., Kastelli, I. and Tsakanika, A., 2004, “Internal Capabilities and External Knowledge Sources: Complements or Substitutes for Innovative Performance?” Technovation, Vol. 24, No. 1, 29-39.
Camisón, C. and Villar-López, A., 2014, “Organizational Innovation as an Enabler of Technological Innovation Capabilities and Firm Performance,” Journal of Business Research, Vol. 67, No. 1, 2891-2902.
Carbonell, P. and Rodriguez, A. I., 2006, “The Impact of Market Characteristics and Innovation Speed on Perceptions of Positional Advantage and New Product Performance,” International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 23, No. 1, 1-12.
Chiesa, V., Coughlan, P. and Voss, C.A., 1996, “Development of a Technical Innovation Audit,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 13, No. 2, 105-136.
Chin, W. W., 1998, “The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.),” Modern Methods for Business Research (pp.295-336) Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publisher.
Christensen, J.F., 1995, “Asset Profiles for Technological Innovation,” Research Policy, Vol. 24, No. 5, 727-745.
Chung, C. C., 2013, “Government, Policy-making and the Development of Innovation System: The cases of Taiwanese Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Policies (2000-2008),” Research Policy, Vol. 42, No. 5,1053-1071.
Cohen, W.M. and Levinthal, D.A., 1990, “Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 1, 128-152.
Cooke, P., Uranga, M. G. and Etxebarria, G., 1997, “Regional Innovation Systems: Institutional and Organizational Dimensions,” Research Policy, Vol. 26, No. 5, 475-491.
Cumming, D., 2007, “Government Policy towards Entrepreneurial Finance: Innovation Investment Funds,” Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 22, No. 2, 193-235.
Damanpour, F. and Evan, W. M., 1984, “Organizational Innovation and Performance: The Problem of Organizational lag,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 3, 392-409.
Damanpour, F., 1991, “Organizational Innovation: A Meta-analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 34, No. 3, 555-590.
Damanpour, F., Szabat, K. A. and Evan, W. M., 1989, “The Relationship between Types of Innovation and Organizational Performance,” Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 26, No. 6, 587-601.
Damanpour, F., Walker, R. M. and Avellaneda, C. N., 2009, “Combinative Effects of Innovation Types and Organizational Performance: A Longitudinal Study of Service Organizations,” Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 46, No. 4, 650-675.
Debra, R. and Amidon, M., 1996, “The Challenge of Fifth Generation R&D,” Research Technology Management, Vol. 39, No. 4, 33-41.
Dodgson, M. and Bessant, J., 1996, Effective Innovation Policy: A New Approach, London: International Thomson Business Press.
Doloreux, D., 2002, “What We Should Know about Regional Systems of Innovation,” Technology in Society, Vol. 24, No. 1, 243-263.
Drucker, P., 1985, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, New York: Harper and Row.
Edwards, J. R. and Lambert, L. S. L., 2007, “Methods for Integrating Moderation and Mediation: A General Analytical Framework using Moderated Path Analysis,” Psychological Methods, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1-22.
Feldman, M. P. and Kelley, M. R., 2006, “The ex ante Assessment of Knowledge Spillovers: Government R&D Policy, Economic Incentives and Private Firm Behavior,” Research Policy, Vol. 35, No. 10, 1590-1521.
Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F., 1981, “Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error,” Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, No. 1, 39-50.
Freitas, I. M. B. and Tunzelmann, N. V., 2008, “Mapping Public Support for Innovation: A Comparison of Policy Alignment in the UK and France,” Research Policy, Vol. 37 No. 9, 1446-1464.
Gereffi, G. and Korzeniewicz, M., 1994, Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism, Westport: Praeger.
Gonzalez, X. L. and Pazo, C., 2008, “Do Public Subsidies Stimulate Private R&D Spending,” Research Policy, Vol. 37, No. 1, 371-389.
Guan, J. and Ma, N., 2003, “Innovative Capability and Export Performance of Chinese Firms,” Technovation, Vol. 23, No. 9, 737-747.
Guan, J., 2002, “Comparison Study of Industrial Innovation between China and Some European Countries,” Production and Inventory Management Journal, Vol. 43, No. 3, 30-46.
Guan, J.C., Yam, R.C.M., Mok, C.K. and Ma, N., 2006, “A Study of the Relationship between Competitiveness and Technological Innovation Capability Based on DEA Models,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 170, No. 3, 971-986.
Guston, D. H., 2008, “Innovation Policy: Not Just a Jumbo Shrimp,” Nature, Vol. 454, No. 21, 940-941.
Hair, J.F., Tatham, R.L., Anderson, R.E. and Black, W., 1998, Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed), New York: Prentice Hall International Inc.
Hamel, G., 2009, “Management Innovation,” Leadership Excellence, Vol. 26, No. 5, 5.
Hansen, J.A., 2001, “Technology Innovation Indicators, A Survey of Historical Development and Current Practice,” In Feldman, M.P. and Link, A.N. (Eds.), Innovation Policy in the Knowledge-Based Economy, Springer, US, 73-103.
Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E. and Kim, H., 1997, “International Diversification: Effects on Innovation and Firm Performance in Product-Diversified Firms,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 40, No. 4, 767-798.
Hodler, R., 2009, “Industrial Policy in an Imperfect World,” Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 90, No. 1, 85-93.
Howell, J.M., Shea, C.M. and Higgins, C.A., 2005, “Champions of Product Innovations: Defining, Developing, and Validating a Measure of Champion Behavior,” Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 20, No. 5, 641-661.
Hu, L.T. and Bentler, P.M., 1999, “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives,” Structural Equation Modeling, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1-55.
Hurley, R. F. and Hult, G. T. M., 1998, “Innovation, Market Orientation, and Organizational Learning: An Integration and Empirical Examination,” Journal of Marketing, Vol. 62, No. 3, 42-54.
Hyytinen, A. and Toivanen, O., 2005, “Do Financial Constraints Hold back Innovation and Growth Evidence on the Role of Public Policy,” Research Policy, Vol. 34, No. 9, 1385-1403.
Karagozoglu, N. and Brown, W.B., 1993, “Time-based Management of the New Product Development Process,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 10, No. 3, 204-215.
Kelloway, E.K., 1998, Using LISREL for Structural Equation Modeling - A Researcher’s Guide, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publication.
Kim, W.C. and Maubourgne, R., 2005, Blue Ocean Strategy, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
Kimberly, J. R. and Evanisko, M. J., 1981, “Organizational Innovation: The Influence of Individual, Organizational and Contextual Factors on Hospital Adoption of Technological and Administrative Innovation,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 24, No. 4, 689-713.
Kline, R. B., 2005, Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (2nd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Kumar, N. and Siddharthan, N.S., 1994, “Technology, Firm Size and Export Behavior in Developing Countries: The Case of Indian Enterprises,” Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 31, No. 2, 289-309.
Kwaku, A. G., 1995, “An Exploratory Analysis of the Impact of Market Orientation on New Product Performance: A Contingency Approach,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 12, No. 4, 275-293.
Lach, S., 2002, “Do R&D Subsidies Stimulate or Displace Private R&D Evidence from Israel,” The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 50, No. 4, 369-390.
Lach, S., 2002, “Do R&D Subsidies Stimulate or Displace Private R&D: Evidence from Israel,” Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 50, No. 4, 369-390.
Lall, S., 1992, “Technological Capabilities and Industrialization,” Word Development, Vol. 20, No. 2, 165-186.
Laranja, M., Uyarra, E. and Flanagan, K., 2008, “Policies for Science, Technology and Innovation: Translating Rationales into Regional Policies in a Multi-level Setting,” Research Policy, Vol. 37, No. 5, 823-835.
Lavie, D. and Rosenkopf, L., 2006, “Balancing Exploration and Exploitation in Alliance Formation,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 49, No. 4, 797-818.
Lawless, M. J. and Fisher, R. J., 1990, “Sources of Durable Competitive Advantages in New Products,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 7, No. 1, 35-43.
Lawless, M.J. and Fisher, R.J., 1990, “Sources of Durable Competitive Advantages in New Products,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 7, No. 1, 35-43.
Lawson, B. and Samson, D., 2001, “Developing Innovation Capability in Organizations: A Dynamic Capabilities Approach,” International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 5, No. 3, 377-400.
Lee, J., Bae, Z.T. and Choi, D.K., 1988, “Evaluating and Selecting Research Projects by Scoring,” Technology Development, Vol.18, No. 3, 235-250.
Levitt, T., 1966, “Innovation Imitation,” Harvard Business Review, Vol. 44, No. 5, 63-70.
Li, H., Atuahene-Gima, K., 2001, “Product Innovation Strategy and the Performance of New Technology Ventures in China,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 44, No. 6, 1123-1134.
Lindelöf, P. and Löfsten, H., 2003, “Science Park Location and New Technology-Based Firms in Sweden - Implications for Strategy and Performance,” Small Business Economics, Vol. 20, No. 3, 245-258.
Liu, F. C., Simon, D. F., Sun, Y. T. and Cao, C., 2011, “China’s Innovation Policies: Evolution, Institutional Structure, and Trajectory,” Research Policy, Vol. 40 No. 7, 917-931.
Lundvall, B.A. and Borras, S.S., 2005, Technology and Innovation Policy, New York: Oxford University Press.
Lundvall, B.A., 1992, National Systems of Innovations: Towards a Theory of innovation and Interactive Learning, London: Pinter Publishers.
Lundvall, B.A., 2007, “National Innovation Systems - Analytical Concept and Development Tool,” Industry and Innovation, Vol. 14, No.1, 95-119.
Manu, F. A. and Sriram, V., 1996, “Innovation, Marketing Strategy, Environment, and Performance,” Journal of Business Research, Vol. 35, No. 1, 79-91.
Martínez-Ros, E. and Labeaga, J. M., 2009, “Product and Process Innovation: Persistence and Complementarities,” European Management Review, Vol. 6, No. 1, 64-75.
Mayer, R.C. and Gavin, M.B., 2005, “Trust in Management and Performance: Who Minds the Shop While the Employees Watch the Boss?,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 48, No.5, 874-888.
Mol, M. J. and Birkinshaw, J., 2009, “The Sources of Management Innovation: When Firms Introduce New Management Practices,” Journal of Business Research, Vol. 62, No. 12, 1269-1280.
Muthén, L.K. and Muthén, B.O., 2010, Mplus User's Guide: Statistical Analysis with Latent Variables (6th ed.), Los Angeles: Muthen & Muthen.
Nagano, N., 2006, “R&D Investment and the Government's R&D Policies of Electronics Industries in Korea and Taiwan,” Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 17, 653-666.
Nelson, R.R., 1993, National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H., 1994, Psychometric Theory (3rd ed.), NY: McGraw-Hill.
O’Gorman, C., 2003, “Stimulating High-Tech Venture Creation,” R&D Management, Vol. 33, No. 2, 177-188.
OECD., 1999, Managing National Innovation Systems, Paris: OECD.
OECD., 2005, The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities Oslo Manual.Guidelines for collecting and interpreting innovation data (3rd ed.), Paris: OECD EUROSTAT.
OECD., 2010, The OECD Innovation Strategy: Getting a Head Start on Tomorrow, Paris: OECD.
Özçelik, E. and Taymaz, E., 2004, “Does Innovativeness Matter for International Competitiveness in Developing Countries?: The Case of Turkish Manufacturing Industries Original Research Article,” Research Policy, Vol. 33, No. 3, 409-424.
Penrose, Edith T., 1959, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Peteraf, M., 1993, “The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based View,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 14, No. 3, 179-191.
Piccolo, R.F. and Colquitt, J.A., 2006, “Transformational Leadership and Job Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Core Job Characteristics,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 49, No. 2, 327-340.
Piva, M., Santarelli, E. and Vivarelli, M., 2005, “The Skill Bias Effect of Technological and Organisational Change: Evidence and Policy Implications,” Research Policy, Vol. 34, No. 2, 141-157.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y. and Podsakoff, N. P., 2003, “Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 88, No. 5, 879-903.
Porter, M.E., 1990, The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York: Free Press.
Priem, R. L. and Butler, J. E., 2001, “Is the Resource-Based View a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research?” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1, 22-40.
Qureshi, I. and Compeau, D., 2009, “Assessing Between-Group Differences in Information Systems Research: A Comparison of Covariance-and Component-Based SEM,” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 1, 197-214.
Rindfleisch, A., Malter, A. J., Ganesan, S. and Moorman, C., 2008, “Cross-Sectional Versus Longitudinal Survey Research: Concepts, Findings, and Guidelines,” Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 45, No. 3, 261-279.
Rindova, V.P., Williamson, I.O., Petkova, A.P. and Sever, J.M., 2005, “Being Good or Being Known: An Empirical Examination of the Dimensions, Antecedents, and Consequences or Organizational Reputation,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 48, No. 6, 1033-1049.
Ritzen, J. and Soete, L., 2011, “Research, Higher Education and Innovation: Redesigning Multi-level Governance within Europe in a Period of Crisis,” UNU-MERIT Working Papers, No. 2011-56.
Rodríguez-Clare, A., 2007, “Clusters and Comparative Advantage: Implications for Industrial Policy,” Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 82, No. 1, 43-57.
Romijn, H. and Albaladejo, M., 2002, “Determinants of Innovation Capability in Small Electronics and Software Firms in Southeast England,” Research Policy, Vol. 31, No. 7, 1053-1067.
Rosenbusch, N., Brinckmann, J. and Bausch, A., 2011, “Is Innovation Always Beneficial? A Meta-analysis of the Relationship Between Innovation and Performance in SMEs,” Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 26, No. 4, 441-457.
Rosnberg, N. and Frischtak, C., 1985, International Technology Transfer, New York: Praeger.
Rothwell, R. and Zegveld, W., 1982, Industrial Innovation and Public Policy: Preparing for the 1980s and the 1990s, Printer, London.
Rothwell, R. and Zegveld, W., 1985, Reindustrialization and Technology, London: Logman Group Limited.
Salazar, M. and Holbrook, A., 2007, “Canadian Science, Technology and Innovation Policy: The Product of Regional Networking? ” Regional Studies, Vol. 41, No. 8, 1129-1141.
Sapprasert, K. and Clausen, T., 2012, “Organizational Innovation and Its Effects,” Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 21, No. 5, 1283-1305.
Schilling, M. A., 2013, Strategic Management of Technological Innovation (4e), McGraw-Hill Companies, Ins.
Schilling, M.A., 2012, Strategic Management of Technological Innovation (4nd ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Schumpeter, J., 1934, The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Sharif, M.N., 1988, “Basis for Techno-economic Policy Analysis,” Science and Public Policy, Vol. 15, No. 4, 217-219.
Simth, R., Olah, D., Hansen, B. and Cumbo, D., 2003, “The Effect of Questionnaire Length on Participant Response Rate - A Case Study in the U.S. Cabinet Industry,” Forest Products Journal, Vol. 53, No.12, 33-36.
Smith, M.E., Graca, M. and Antonacopoulou, E. Ferdinand, J., 2008, “Absorptive Capacity: A Process Perspective,” Management Learning, Vol. 39, No. 5, 483-501.
Song, M., Droge, C., Hanvanich, S. and Calantone, R., 2005, “Marketing and Technology Resource Complementarity: An Analysis of Their Interaction Effect in Two Environmental Contexts,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 26, No. 3, 259-276.
Souitaris, V., 2002, “Technological Trajectories as Moderators of Firms-Level Determinant of Innovation,” Research Policy, Vol. 31, No. 6, 877-898.
Sweeney, G., 1995, “National Innovation Policy or a Regional Innovation Culture,” Working Papers in European Industrial Policy, No. 1, EUNIP.
Tsai, W. P., 2001, “Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational Networks: Effects of Network Position and Absorptive Capacity on Business unit Innovation and Performance,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 44, No. 5, 996-1004.
Wakasugi, R. and Koyata, F., 1997, “R&D, Firm Size and Innovation Outputs: Are Japanese Firms Efficient in Product Development?” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 14, No. 5, 383-392.
Walker, R.M., Damanpour, F. and Devece, C.A., 2011, “Management Innovation and Organizational Performance: The Mediating Effect of Performance Management,” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 21, No. 2, 367-386.
Wallsten, S., 2000, “The Effects of Government-industry R&D Programs on Private R&D: The Case of the Small Business Innovation Research Program,” Rand Journal of Economics, Vol. 31, No. 1, 82-100.
Wan, D., Ong, C.H. and Lee, F., 2003, “Determinants of Firm Innovation in Singapore,” Technovation, Vol. 25, No. 3, 261-273.
Wessner, C.W., 2011, Growing Innovation Clusters for American Prosperity：Summary of a Symposium, USA: National Academies Press.
Wong, J.K., 1995, “Technology Transfer in Thailand: Descriptive Validation of a Technology Transfer Model,” International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 10, No. 7, 788-796.
Yam, R.C.M., Guan, J.C., Pun, K.F. and Tang, E.P.Y., 2004, “An Audit of Technological Innovation Capabilities in Chinese Firms: Some Empirical Findings in Beijing, China,” Research Policy, Vol. 33, No. 8, 1123-1140.
Yam, R.C.M., Lo, W., Tang, E.P. and Lau, A.K., 2011, “Analysis of Sources of Innovation, Technological Innovation Capabilities, and Performance: An Empirical Study of Hong Kong Manufacturing Industries,” Research Policy, Vol. 40, No. 3, 391-402.
Yamin, S., Gunasekaran, A. and Mavondo, F. T., 1999, “Innovation Index and its Implications on Organisational Performance: A Study of Australian Manufacturing Companies,” International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 17, No. 5, 495-503.
Yamin, S., Mavondo, F., Gunasekaran, A. and Sarros, J. C., 1997, “A study of Competitive Strategy, Organizational Innovation and Organizational Performance among Australian Manufacturing Companies,” International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 52, No. 1-2, 161-172.
Yang, C.H., Motohashi, K. and Chen, J.R., 2009, “Are New Technology-based Firms Located on Science Parks Really More Innovative? Evidence from Taiwan,” Research Policy, Vol. 38, No. 1, 77-85.
Zdunczyk, K. and Blenkinsopp, J., 2007, “Do Organisational Factors Support Creativity and Innovation in Polish Firms,” European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 10, No. 1, 25-40.
Zúñiga-Vicente, J. Á., Alonso-Borrego, C., Forcadell, F. J. and Galán, J. I., 2014, “Assessing the Effect of Public Subsidies on Firm R&D Investment: A Survey,” Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 28, No. 1, 36-67.