由於微型感測器和無線技術的進步，使得小而精巧並且可以應用在大範圍環境監控的感測器得以被發展出來。因為感測器的電源有限，而且通常無法替換，因此如何延長網路的運作時間是設計無線感測網路很重要的議題。有不少學者提出建置無線感測網路拓樸的方法，一方面確保網路的連通，另一方面則盡量減少電源的消耗。Multi-hop Infrastructure Network Architecture （MINA） 是一種多層式無線感測網路拓樸，此網路是由數百個無線感測器所組成，感測器會將觀察的資料回報給資料收集器（sink）。在此架構下，感測器節點（Sensor Node）根據其與sink之間的距離（以hop count為依據），被分成許多layer，於是當感測器節點附近有越多的感測節點時，其幫忙轉傳的資料量將會增多，能量的消耗也越嚴重，如此將縮短網路存活的時間（network lifetime）。在本論文中，我們提出Efficient Energy Time-Slot Allocation（EETA）機制，能依據感測器節點的能量資訊與鄰近感測節點的個數，有效的提供時槽（time slot）分配，減少感測節點的能量消耗。此外，也能安排適當的time slots大小，避免資料封包因資料暫存空間（buffer）不足而被丟棄。模擬分析的結果顯示，我們所提出的EETA，相較於原始的MINA，能夠提供更久network lifetime。

Advances in micro-sensor and wireless technology enable small but smart sensors to be developed for wide range environment-monitor applications. Since Sensor nodes only have limited power capacity and are difficult to recharge, how to prolong network lifetime is an important issue in wireless sensor networks design. Several topology control algorithms have been proposed to maintain the connectivity of wireless sensor network and reduce the energy consumption. Multi-hop Infrastructure Network Architecture (MINA) is a kind of Multi-layer Architecture for WSN topology, which utilizes hundred of sensors to transmit data to a sink. This architecture partitions sensor nodes into layers based on their distances (calculated by hop count) to BS. In this way, the node connected to more nodes will relay more data for other nodes. This make the node exhaust its battery power quickly and thus reduces the network lifetime. This study proposes an Efficient Energy Time-Slot Allocation (EETA) scheme which distributes time slots in accordance with the energy of neighbor nodes and the number of neighbor nodes. In addition, this work also devises an adaptive time slot size to reduce data packet drop in case when the node buffer is full. The simulation results show that the EETA performs better than the MINA in terms of network lifetime.

論文審定書.................................................................................................i
誌 謝................................................................................................... ii
中文摘要.................................................................................................. iii
英文摘要...................................................................................................iv
目 錄....................................................................................................v
圖 次.................................................................................................viii
表 次....................................................................................................x
字母縮寫對照表.......................................................................................xi
第一章 導論 1
1.1 簡介 1
1.2 無線感測網路背景與介紹 2
1.2.1 感測器硬體元件 4
1.2.2 無線感測網路的特性 6
1.2.3 無線感測網路的應用環境 7
1.2.4 無線感測網路研究議題 9
1.3 通訊協定介紹 11
1.3.1 IEEE 802.15.4無線傳輸標準 11
1.3.2 IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN 網路架構 12
1.3.3 IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN 實體層 14
1.3.4 IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN 媒體存取控制層 15
1.3.5 IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN 協定運作方式 16
1.4 無線感測網路的資料傳遞模式 17
1.5 研究方向的實行 18
1.6 論文架構 20
第二章 背景及相關研究 22
2.1 叢集式網路架構介紹 22
2.2 多重跳躍分層式網路架構介紹 23
2.2.1 Multi-hop infrastructure network architecture（MINA） 24
2.2.2 Coordinated Robust Routing （CRR） 29
2.2.3 Progressive Multi-hop Rotational Clustered （PMRC） 30
第三章 系統之架構與運作 31
3.1 設計方向 31
3.2 功能及名詞釋義 32
3.3 Multi-layered Architecture 34
3.3.1 環境假設 34
3.3.2 初始階段 35
3.3.3 網路建構階段 36
3.3.4 資料傳輸流程 38
3.3.5 拓樸維護 38
3.4　Efficient Energy Time-Slot Allocation 39
3.5　EETA資料分配方式 42
第四章 模擬結果與討論 44
4.1 模擬環境假設 44
4.2 模擬環境參數設定 45
4.2.1 The first order radio model 46
4.3 數據分析與討論 47
4.3.1 模擬一：Time to network partition 47
4.3.2 模擬二：Time to first node dead 49
4.3.3 模擬三：Data packet deliver ratio 51
第五章 結論 54
參考文獻 55

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