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博碩士論文 etd-0505113-162958 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0505113-162958
論文名稱
Title
南海北部顆粒性有機碳之側向通量
Lateral Fluxes of Particulate Organic Carbon in the Northern South China Sea
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
75
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2013-06-03
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2013-06-05
關鍵字
Keywords
沉積物收集器、側向傳輸、南海北部、碳通量、顆粒性有機碳
lateral flux, northern South China Sea, carbon flux, floating sediment trap, particulate organic carbon
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5825 次,被下載 1159
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5825 times, has been downloaded 1159 times.
中文摘要
摘要
為了更加瞭解熱帶邊緣海的碳循環,本研究以漂浮式沉積物收集器於2012年9月5、6日及25–28日的兩個航次,在南海北部T1 (21°42' N; 120°2' E) 和T2 (21°37' N; 119°54' E) (水深>2000 m) 兩個測站,收集不同深度的沉降顆粒並量測顆粒性有機碳 (particulate organic carbon, POC) 通量 (flux),同時以掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察顆粒外觀,並以感應耦合電漿質譜儀量測沉降顆粒之金屬濃度,以探討南海北部POC flux及其來源。結果在T1站150、500及1000 m的POC flux分別為33、32及23 mg-C m−2 d−1,而在T2站150、500、1000及2000 m的POC flux分別是36、46、24及35 mg-C m−2 d−1 。此結果和一般大洋不一樣,大洋的POC flux是隨深度遞增而遞減。然而本研究反而在深水處 (1000及2000 m) 有高值出現,暗示此區域可能有很高的e ratio (POC flux/基礎生產力) 或有深海側向傳送、再懸浮等現象。然而電子顯微鏡觀察的結果呈現150 m之沉降顆粒是以浮游植物殼體、糞粒碎屑等海源性居多,但深層之沉降顆粒則以非生物性的居多。發現在500 m以下之沉降顆粒含有高比例的鋁 (7.0%)、鐵(4.0%),與地殼中鋁 (8.2%) 和鐵 (5.6%) 含量接近。綜合上述的證據,本研究區域之深海有機碳的來源非來自有光層內的海源性顆粒,而是可能來自沉積物的再懸浮、海底崩塌等側向傳輸所帶來的陸源物質。經以傳統的下沉顆粒遞減模式來扣除深水處之POC flux,得到1000及2000米側向傳送的通量分別是13.5及28.5 mg-C m−2 d−1。
Abstract
To better understand sinking particles fluxes and their sources in tropical
marginal seas, this study measured particulate organic carbon fluxes at
different depths at two stations T1, (21°25.6'N; 120°1.4'E) and T2
(21°22.5'N; 119 °32.9'E, water depth >2000 m) in the boundary area
between the shelf and the basin of the northern South China Sea on
September 5th-6th and 25th-28th in 2012, respectively. Images of selected
sinking particles were directly taken by scanning electron microscopy
(SEM). Concentrations of metals in sinking particles were measured by
ICP-MS. The results showed that POC fluxes at 150, 500 and 1000 m at
station T1 were 33, 32 and 23 mg-C m−2 d−1, respectively. At station T2,
POC fluxes at 150, 500, 1000 and 2000 m were 36, 46, 24 and 35 mg-C
m−2 d−1,respectively. POC fluxes in the deep depths (1000 and 2000 m) at
both stations had elevated values. The observed results are different from
normal distribution of POC flux in the open ocean suggesting elevated
e-ratios (POC flux/primary production) or lateral flux dominating POC flux
in the study area. Sinking particles from 150 m contained abundant marine
biogenic particles such as phytoplankton cells, fecal pellets, and detritus,
while sinking particles from deep water (1000 and 2000 m) contained
abundant non-biogenic particles. Moreover, sinking particles below 500 m
contained high concentrations of Al (8.2%, dry weight) and Fe (5.6%)
which are close to those in the earth crust. The results suggest that elevated
POC fluxes appearing at deep waters (>500 m) could be from sediment
resuspension, lateral particle transport, or episodic events rather than from
marine biogenic particles sinking. The lateral POC fluxes, estimated by a
commonly applied POC flux degradation equation (i.e. the Martin equation,
1987), were13.5 and 28.5 mg-C m−2 d−1 at 1000 and 2000 m in the northern
South China Sea, respectively.
目次 Table of Contents
目錄
致謝 I
摘要 III
Abstract V
目錄 VII
圖目錄 X
表目錄 XIII
第一章、前言 1
1.1. 本研究的重要性 1
1.1.1. 海洋對二氧化碳的影響 1
1.1.2. 物理幫浦 (physical pump) 2
1.1.3. 生物幫浦 (biological pump) 3
1.1.4. 顆粒性有機物 (particulate organic carbon, POC) 4
1.2. 研究現況 7
1.3. 研究目的 10
第二章、材料與方法 11
2.1. 研究區域 11
2.2. 水樣採集和分析 11
2.2.1 水體中顆粒性有機碳 (particle organic carbon, POC ) 12
2.2.2.營養鹽 (氮、磷、矽) 12
2.3. 沉降POC的收集與分析 15
2.3.1 沉積物收集器 19
2.4. 以感應耦合電漿質譜儀 20
2.5. 透光度探針 (transmissometer) 20
2.6. Martin’s equation 21
第三章、結果與討論 22
3.1. 南海北部之水文特徵 22
3.1.1. 溫度及鹽度 22
3.1.2. 營養鹽及葉綠素a 23
3.1.3. 總懸浮物質及海水之穿透率 25
3.1.4. 溶解態有機碳 (dissolved organic carbon) 29
3.1.5. 懸浮態顆粒有機碳 (Particulate Organic Carbon, POC) 之濃度 30
3.3. 碳通量的推估 40
3.4. 掃描式電子顯微鏡結果 41
3.5.沉降顆粒之微量金屬濃度 43
第四章、結論. 47
參考文獻 49
中文部份 49
英文部分 50
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