本研究致力於了解日本ODA新增安全保障之背後因素，藉由對菲律賓「能力構築」計畫作為案例探討。試以新現實主義與守勢現實主義發展與辯證於本研究的開端。戰後日本受到和平主義、美日同盟、以聯合國為中心的外交原則影響，使日本可藉由經濟實力作為國家競爭力。而作為日本經濟外交工具的ODA，除了有強大的經濟力量支撐外，也歷經「綜合安全」問題，奠定了成為日本主要外交工具的實力。
日本ODA的發展從二戰後至今，因日本政經所需發展出多元功能性質，而在二次安倍時期，日本ODA也新增了安全保障之用途。為此將藉由2015年《開發合作大綱》成立，作為日本ODA的體制前後之比較。日本ODA體制成立後，漸以「政治中心」目標發展，並在二次安倍時期，藉由「能力構築」計畫與安全政策合作，進而支援日本政治外交所需，藉此擴大國家利益。
日本ODA新增安全保障作為研究主體。藉由對菲律賓「能力構築」計畫作為探討案例。藉由南海問題所形塑中美博弈競爭環境，日本與菲律賓建立「戰略夥伴關係」並提供「能力構築」計畫。除了與東協建立深厚的外交關係，同時也支持美國在亞太安全的政策，藉此增加美日同盟之間的談判籌碼與關係，以制衡中國在東海的擴權之行為。為了因應外交需求，使日本ODA新增安全保障之必要性。總結本論文研究目的，乃是希望以援助力量，解決日本安全保障議題，提供一個新的分析視角，同時了解日本可藉由「能力構築」計畫，作為支持美國在亞太其他地區的政策執行。

This study is to explore the factors of New ODA Charter adding security consideration by a case study of Capacity building with Philippines. It begins to develop and to debate with neo-realism and defensive realism, which can assist to explain Japan’s foreign policy behaviors. According to the development of Japan’s foreign policy after WWII, Japan mainly dedicated to Pacifism, U.S.-Japan alliance and UN diplomacy, which leads to strong economic power as national competitiveness. ODA is based on strong economic supports and experience of comprehensive security issue, and it becomes a significant tool for Japan’s diplomacy.
According to the background of Japan’s ODA development, to respond to political and economic policies, Japan’s ODA has to extend the functions in various ways including adding security consideration in Second Abe Cabinet. This study will explore the changes of Japan’s ODA institution from 1992 to 2015. Therefore, it reveals that the main purpose of Japan’s ODA much tends to “Political Interests” after Institutions established from 1992 to 2014. Furthermore, in order to support Abe’s foreign policies, Japan’s ODA officially cooperates with security policies through “capacity building” program in 2015.
Japan ODA with new security consideration is the main body of this study, and to discuss the main factors in the case of Philippines’ capacity building program. This case will focus on South China Sea issue, and the changes of security structure in Asia-Pacific from “China Rises”. To gain more national interests, Japan proactively builds up “strategy partnership” with Philippines by competitive environment between China and U.S. in South China Sea. Japan not only deepens the relations with ASEAN, but supports U.S. in Asia- Pacific affairs. In other words, Japan can increase bargaining chips in negotiation with United States, and also balance China’s expansion in East China Sea. In order to respond to diplomatic needs, Japan’s ODA has to cooperate with security policies. Summarily, this study provides a new analytical perspective for Japan’s ODA development with security consideration.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 vi
圖次 vii
表次 viii
第一節 緒論 1
第一節 研究議題背景、動機與目的 1
第二節 研究方法 11
第三節 研究流程與章節安排 13
第四節 研究範圍與限制 14
第二章 文獻回顧 17
第一節 以守勢現實主義視角解釋日本戰後外交與安全 17
第二節 日本廣博性外交 25
第三節 日本對外援助理論與探討 27
第四節 小結 36
第三章 日本ODA體制變化與發展 40
第一節 冷戰後日本ODA以「政治中心」目標發展 40
第二節 「積極和平主義」下的《開發合作大綱》成立 53
第三節 日本ODA與安全保障政策合作之「能力構築」計畫 62
第四節 小結 73
第四章 日本對菲律賓「能力構築」計畫之執行戰略與思考 77
第一節 中美在南海的權力博弈競爭 77
第二節 日本對於南海局勢的戰略考量 94
第三節 日本與菲律賓「戰略夥伴關係」與「能力構築」計畫 104
第四節 小結 123
第五章 結論 129
參考文獻 154

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Tomotaka Shoji, 2015/12. “Japan’s Security Cooperation with ASEAN: Pursuit of a Status as a “Relevant” Partner,” NIDS Journal of Defense and Security, pp. 97-111, <http://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/publication/kiyo/pdf/2015/bulletin_e2015_5.pdf >.
U.S. Department of Defense, 2012/1/17. “Joint Operational Access Concept,” U.S. Department of Defense, <https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/JOAC_Jan 2012_Signed.pdf >.
U.S. Department of Defense, 2015/7/27. “The Asia-Pacific Maritime Security Strategy,” U.S. Department of Defense, <https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/NDAA A-P_Maritime_SecuritY_Strategy-08142015-1300-FINALFORMAT.PDF >.
U.S. Department of State, 2017/5/4. “The U.S.-ASEAN Dialogue,”U.S. Department of State, <https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/05/270660.htm>.
U.S. Department of State, 2017/6/19. “Previewing the U.S.-China Diplomatic and Security Dialogue,”U.S. Department of State, <https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/06/272014.htm>.
U.S. Navy, 2015/3. “A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower: Seapower in Support of National Security,” U.S. Navy, <http://www.navy.mil/local/maritime/150227-CS21R-Final.pdf >.
UNDP in Tokyo, 2017/11/20. “UNDP and Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA)”United Nations Development Programme, <http://www.undp.or.jp/english/partnerships.shtml>.
United Nations, “Capacity-building,” United Nations, <https://academicimpact.un.org/content/capacity-building >.
United States Department of State, 2016/12/15. "U.S. Relations with the Philippines,”United States Department of State, <https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2794.htm >.
United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 2014/4/17. “Re-balancing The Rebalance: Resourcing U.S. Diplomatic Strategy in the Asia-Pacific Region,” United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, <https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/872692.pdf >.
Wan, Ming, 2012/11/16. “Improving Sino-Japanese Security Relations: Dialogue, Crisis Management, and Policy Coordination,” The Tokyo Foundation, <http://www.tokyofoundation.org/en/topics/japan-china-next-generation-dialogue/improving-sino-japanese-security-relations >.
Weston S. Konishi, Andrew L. Oros, 2014/2. “Beyond Haiyan: Toward Greater U.S.-Japan Cooperation in HADR,” The National Bureau of Asian Research, <http://www.nbr.org/publications/element.aspx?id=738>.
Yasuhiro Izumikawa, 2010. “Explaining Japanese Antimilitarism: Normative and Realist Constraints on Japan's Security Policy,” International Security, Vol 35, No. 2, p.123-160, <https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00020 >.
Yoji Koda, 2016. “Maritime Security in the Region: SCS and ECS as Key Arenas for Converging Political Interests,” Asia-Pacific Review, Vol. 23, No. 2, <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13439006.2016.1256077>.
Yutaka Katayama, “The Philippines under the Duterte Administration: Where’s the Roadmap?” The Association of Japanese Institutes of Strategic Studies (AJISS)-Commentary, Vol. 249, 17 October 2017, pp. 1-5, <http://www2.jiia.or.jp/en_commentary/pdf/AJISS-Commentary249.pdf >.
Zachary Abuza, 2012/2. “The Philippines Internal and external security challenges,” Australian Strategic Policy Institute: Special Report, No. 45, pp. 1-14, <https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/161643/SR45_Philippines.pdf >.
三、 日文部分
（一）網際網路
JICA研究所，2006/3。〈キャパシティ・ディベロップメントの視点に立ったJICA協力の事例分析〉，《途上国の主体性に基づく総合的課題対処能力の向上を目指してキャパシティ・ディベロップメント（CD）》，<https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/IFIC_and_JBICI-Studies/jica-ri/publication/archives/jica/cd/200603_aid.html>。
プルネンドラ ジェイン，2014/12。〈日本の対外援助と国益〉，《国際問題》，第 637 期，頁 15-25，《日本国際問題研究所》，<http://www2.jiia.or.jp/kokusaimondai_archive/2010/2014- 12_003.pdf?noprint >。
山下光、飯田将史，2015/2。〈国際社会における能力構築支援：米中を事例として〉，《防衛研究所紀要》，第17卷第2期，頁23-58，《防衛研究所》，<http://www.nids.mod.go.jp/publication/kiyo/pdf/bulletin_j17_2_2.pdf >。
内閣官房行政改革推進本部事務局，2014/2/27。〈独立行政法人改革等に関する分科会第１ＷＧ第４回議事録〉，《首相官邸》，<http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/gskaigi/kaikaku/wg1/dai4/gijiroku.pdf>.
日本囯首相官邸，2015/10/7。〈基本方针〉，《首相官邸》，<http://www.kantei.go.jp/cn/97_abe/policy/2015/1213993_10249.html >。
木場紗綾、安富淳，2016/7。〈防衛省・自衛隊による能力構築支援の課題―「パシフィック・パートナーシップ」における米軍の経験から学ぶ〉，《国際協力論集》，第 24 卷第1 期，頁103-123，《CiNii Articles》，<http://www.research.kobe-u.ac.jp/gsics-publication/jics/kiba&yasutomi_24-1.pdf>。
田辺智子，2005/2。〈データで見る中国経済と日中経済関係〉，《調査及び立法考査局アジア研究会》，頁 61-74，《国立国会図書館》，<http://www.ndl.go.jp/jp/diet/publication/refer/200502_649/064904.pdf>。
外務省，1957/9。〈昭和32年版わが外交の近況〉，《外交政策》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/bluebook/index.html>.
外務省，1957/9。〈総説 わか国外交の基調 外交活動の三原則〉，《外務省》， <http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/bluebook/1957/s32-1-2.htm#a>。
外務省，1958/3。〈昭和33年版わが外交の近況〉，《外交政策》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/bluebook/1958/s33-2-2-1.htm#1e l>.
外務省，1963/6。〈昭和37年わが外交の近況 ソ連の外交攻勢と自由世界〉，《外務省》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/bluebook/1962/s37-1.htm#2>。
外務省，1992/6/30。〈政府開発援助大綱（旧ODA大綱）﹥，《外務省》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/seisaku/taikou/sei_1_1.html>。
外務省，1993/4。〈1992年外交青書¬¬¬－転換期の世界と日本〉，《外務省》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/bluebook/1992/h04-contents-1.htm>。
外務省，1999/4。〈1999年外交青書〉，《外務省》， <http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/bluebook/99/index.html>。
外務省，2003/8/29。〈政府開発援助（ODA）大綱〉，《外務省》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/seisaku/taikou.html>。
外務省，2012/4。〈対フィリピン共和国 国別援助方針〉，《ODA（政府開発援助）－フィリピン》，< http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/files/000072244.pdf>。
外務省，2013。〈平成25年版外交青書－高まるアジア太平洋地域の重要性〉，《外務省》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/bluebook/2013/html/chapter1/chapter1_01.html#h01000201>。
外務省，2013/2/22。〈日米首脳会談（概要）〉，《外務省》， <http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/kaidan/s_abe2/vti_1302/us.html >。
外務省，2013/4/25。〈外交青書2013〉，《外交政策》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/bluebook/2013/html/chapter1/chapter1_01.html#h010002>。
外務省，2013/9/26。〈「新興海洋国能力構築支援セミナー」の開催〉，《外務省》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/page22_000480.html >。
外務省，2014。〈平成26年版外交青書－地球儀を俯瞰する外交〉，《外務省》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/bluebook/2014/html/chapter2_01_00.html >。
外務省，2014/6。〈ＯＤＡ大綱見直しに関する有識者懇談会報告書〉，《外務省》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/about/kaikaku/taikou_minaoshi/>。
外務省，2015/6。〈インフラシステム輸出戦略に資する ＯＤＡによる取組〉，《外務省》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/files/000084269.pdf >。
外務省，2017。〈平成29年版外交青書－2016年の国際情勢と日本外交の展開〉，《外務省》，< http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/bluebook/2017/html/chapter1_01.html#s1010202>。
外務省，2017。〈平成29年版外交青書－地球儀を俯瞰する外交〉，《外務省》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/bluebook/2017/html/chapter2_01_00.html#s21 >。
外務省、独立行政法人国際協力機構，2016/8/30。〈「国際協力事業安全対策会議」における新たな安全対策の策定（最終報告）〉，《外務省》， <http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/files/000184364.pdf >。
外務省、独立行政法人国際協力機構，2017/10/10。〈国際協力事業安全対策会議最終報告〉，《外務省》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/files/000184366.pdf >。
外務省，2018。〈日本のODAプロジェクト：フィリピン〉，《外務省》，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/data/gaiyou/odaproject/asia/philippines/index_01.html>。
庄司智孝，2014/10。〈ASEAN の「中心性」：域内・域外関係の視点から〉，《防衛研究所紀要》，第17卷第1期，頁 105-121，《防衛研究所》，<http://www.nids.mod.go.jp/publication/kiyo/pdf/bulletin_j17_1_5.pdf >。
対外関係タスクフォース，2002/11/28。〈21世紀日本外交の基本戦略－新たな時代、新たなビジョン、新たな外交〉，《首相官邸》，<http://www.dl.ndl.go.jp/view/download/digidepo_3531245_po_1128tf.pdf?contentNo=1&alternativeNo=>。
防衛省，2011。〈能力構築支援事業とは〉，《防衛省》，2011年，<http://www.mod.go.jp/j/approach/exchange/cap_build/about/index.html>。
防衛省，2012。〈平成24年版防衛白書－わが国周辺の安全保障環境〉，《防衛省》，<http://www.clearing.mod.go.jp/hakusho_data/2012/2012/index.html >.
防衛省，2012/11/13。〈尖閣諸島をめぐる中国政府の挑発行為及び発言に対する日本政府の見解及び対抗策に関する質問に対する答弁書〉，《所管法令等》，< http://www.mod.go.jp/j/presiding/touben/181kai/san/tou23.html >。
防衛省，2013。〈平成25年版 防衛白書－わが国を取り巻く安全保障環境〉，《防衛省》， <http://www.clearing.mod.go.jp/hakusho_data/2013/2013/index.html>。
防衛省，2013/12/17。〈国家安全保障戦略について〉，《防衛省》，頁1-32，<http://www.mod.go.jp/j/approach/agenda/guideline/pdf/security_strategy.pdf >。
防衛省，2014。〈平成28年版防衛白書－わが国を取り巻く安全保障環境〉，《防衛省》， <http://www.mod.go.jp/j/publication/wp/wp2016/html/n1110000.html>。
防衛省，2015/4/27。〈日米防衛協力のための指針（2015.4.27）〉，《防衛省》，<http://www.mod.go.jp/j/approach/anpo/shishin/shishin_20150427j.html>。
防衛省，2016/11/25。〈日中防衛当局間の海空連絡メカニズムに関する第６回共同作業グループ協議（結果概要）〉，《防衛省》，<http://www.mod.go.jp/j/press/news/2016/11/25d.html >。
防衛省，2016/12。〈南シナ海における中国の活動〉，《防衛省》，<http://www.mod.go.jp/j/approach/surround/pdf/ch_d-act_20161222.pdf >。
防衛省，2016/2。〈防衛省・自衛隊による 能力構築支援〉，《能力構築支援事業とは》，頁1-11，<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/files/000146829.pdf>。
防衛省，2017。〈平成29年版防衛白書－海洋をめぐる動向〉，《防衛省》， <http://www.mod.go.jp/j/publication/wp/wp2017/html/n1331000.html >。
防衛省，2017/11/28。〈国際平和協力活動等とは〉，《防衛省》，<http://www.mod.go.jp/j/approach/kokusai_heiwa/about.html>。
防衛省，2018。〈能力建設支持業務－カンボジア〉，《防衛省》，<http://www.mod.go.jp/j/approach/exchange/cap_build/cambodia/index.html>。
防衛省，2018。〈能力建設支持業務－ラオス〉，《防衛省》， <http://www.mod.go.jp/j/approach/exchange/cap_build/laos/index.html>。
防衛省，2018。〈能力建設支持業務－東ティモール〉，《防衛省》， <http://www.mod.go.jp/j/publication/kohoshiryo/pamphlet/cap_build/pamphlet.pdf>。
防衛省，2018。〈能力構築支援事業－実績〉，《外務省》， <http://www.mod.go.jp/j/publication/kohoshiryo/pamphlet/cap_build/pamphlet.pdf>。
和喜多裕一，2015/9。〈開発協力大綱の下での我が国政府開発援助等の在り方に関する決議：ODA等に関する特別委員会は新大綱をどう見たのか ―〉，《立法と調査》，第368期，頁 72-85，《CiNii》，<http://www.sangiin.go.jp/japanese/annai/chousa/rippou_chousa/backnumber/2015pdf/20150904072.pdf>。
保城広至，2017。〈日米関係と政府開発援助〉，《日本国際政治学会》，第 186 卷，，頁129-186，《CiNii》，<https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/130005562197>。
高山丈二，2008/12。〈我が国ODAの課題：アジア及びアフリカに対する援助を中心として〉，《レファレンス》，第695期，頁 29-49，《国立国会図書》，<http://www.ndl.go.jp/jp/diet/publication/refer/200812_695/069502.pdf>。
経済企画庁，1946/9。〈年次世界経済報告〉，《首相官邸》，<http://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai3/sekaikeizaiwp/wp-we59/wp-we59-02303.html#sb2.3.3.2>。
経済企画庁，1959/9。〈昭和34年世界経済白書 第二部 第三章 第三節 東南アジア諸国と日本〉，《內閣府》，<http://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai3/sekaikeizaiwp/wp-we59/wp-we59-02303.html#sb2.3.3.2>。
経産省，2013。〈日本のエネルギーのいま：抱える課題〉，《エネルギー政策》，<http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/energy_environment/energy_policy/energy2014/kadai/index.html>。
経産省，2016。〈今後の対外経済政策の重点〉，《国際経済・社会の現状、今後のシナリオ》，<http://www.meti.go.jp/committee/summary/eic0009/pdf/018_04_00.pdf >。