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博碩士論文 etd-0506113-134425 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0506113-134425
論文名稱
Title
呂宋海峽至沖繩海槽之熱帶水團與中層水團時空變化
Temporal and spatial variations of tropical and intermediate waters from the Luzon Strait to the Okinawa Trough
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
98
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2013-05-24
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2013-06-14
關鍵字
Keywords
黑潮、南海水、西菲律賓海水、呂宋海峽、ENSO、鋒面、PDO、沖繩海槽
Okinawa Trough, fronts, Luzon Strait, West Philippine Sea, PDO, ENSO, Kuroshio, South China Sea
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5872 times, has been downloaded 565 times.
中文摘要
本研究整理National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC)於呂宋島北端經呂宋海峽至沖繩海槽的水文資料共123,852筆剖面資料,試圖描繪南海(SCS)水及西菲律賓海(WPS)水交會的熱帶水與中層水鋒面,隨地理位置、季節、聖嬰-南方震盪現象(El Nino Southern Oscillation, ENSO)與太平洋10年震盪(Pacific Decadal Oscillation, PDO)等影響的變化情形;確定了呂宋海峽的鋒面季節擺盪,尤其是中層水的部分,PDO週期較ENSO顯著;但沖繩海槽鋒面的季節擺盪探討,則傾向採ENSO事件分類。
典型WPS水在位溫21℃時有鹽度極大值34.9,位溫7℃時有鹽度極小值34.15。而SCS水因強烈的湧升作用及大河輸入,而與WPS水性質迥異。典型SCS水在位溫16℃時的鹽度極大值為34.6,位溫8℃時的鹽度極小值為34.45,因垂直混合降低了鹽度極值之差距。[Chen and Wang, 1998]。
深度介於350至1350公尺,具有鹽度極小值的南海中層水(SCSIW),往東流出呂宋海峽,在台灣東南端與源於呂宋島北端,具WPS性質的黑潮交會,並隨之北流,進入沖繩海槽西側。深度介於50至150公尺,具有鹽度極大值的南海熱帶水(SCSTW)也是遵循相同途徑進入沖繩海槽西側[Chen, 2005]。
呂宋海峽的熱帶水層,在PDO冷期,SCSTW較不受西菲律賓海熱帶水(WPSTW)侵擾;而在PDO冷期的夏秋冬三季,北流的WPSTW鹽度明顯低於冷期春季及暖期全年。呂宋海峽的中層水層,在PDO冷期的春季,鋒面明顯西擴越過122˚E,到達台灣南端。
沖繩海槽的熱帶水層,往西愈接近東海大陸斜坡,SCSTW的低鹽訊號愈強。平常時期,秋季WPSTW的訊號最強,而於冬季最弱;聖嬰時期有延遲現象,呈現冬季WPSTW的訊號最強,而於春季最弱;反聖嬰與正常時期較類似,冬季WPSTW的訊號最弱,但春季比秋季的訊號強。鹽度極值擺動幅度最大者為反聖嬰時期,最小者為聖嬰時期。
沖繩海槽的中層水鹽度極值變化不大,主要區域性變化則是受海槽中心西菲律賓海中層水(WPSIW)入侵影響。平均來看,正常時期WPSIW在此呈穩定不變狀態;聖嬰時期則是春季WPSIW的訊號最強,而冬季最弱;反聖嬰時期呈現夏季WPSIW的訊號最強,而春季最弱。
Abstract
It has been known that Kuroshio subsurface waters are the major source of nutrients to the East China Sea continental shelf, a major fishing ground. It has also been known that subsurface waters that upwell onto the shelf are heavily affected by the South China Sea Tropical Water (SCSTW) and the SCS Intermediate Water (SCSIW) which contain more nutrients than the tropical(Smax) and intermediate(Smin) waters from the West Philippine Sea(WPS). A front has been found to separate the tropical and intermediate waters from the SCS and WPS. The reported front in the Okinawa Trough, however, was identified based only on one-time data from a single cross-section. Here historical hydrographicl data between Jan., 1950 and Jan., 2012 from the Luzon Strait to the Okinawa Trough are analyzed.
Compared to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) signals, the data show more clear difference of the salinity in the Luzon Strait between the warm and the cool PDO phases. The salinity of the WPSTW near the Luzon Strait during the warm phase is higher than during the cool phase. The SCSTW mixes with the most WPSTW in all seasons during the warm phase and the least in summer of the cool phase. As for intermediate waters(Smin at sigma theta=26.7-26.9) the WPSIW and SCSIW show much weaker seasonality or ENSO signals compared with tropical waters. On the other hand, the WPSIW penetrates the most westward in the Luzon Strait in spring during the cool phase while at PR18 it is in winter that the WPSIW moves most to the west during the cool phase.
Compared to PDO signals, the data show more seasonal variation in the Okinawa Trough based on ENSO signals. A vertical front tilted toward the west is found in all seasons in all years across the World Ocean Circulation Repeated Lines PR 18 and 19 as well as at a cross-section in the central Okinawa Trough. The front at the Smax level (sigma theta=24.6-24.9) shows large seasonal and interannual variations. In winter during normal and La Nina periods the presence of the SCSTW is the most prominent. It is the weakest in autumn during normal periods, but in spring during La Nina periods. Yet during El Nino periods the SCSTW is the most prominent in spring and it becomes the weakest in winter. As for intermediate waters(Smin at sigma theta=26.7-26.9) the WPSIW and SCSIW show much weaker seasonality compared with tropical waters although during normal periods in winter the WPSIW contribution is larger than during other times. During El Nino periods the WPSIW contribution is the smallest but in spring it is much strengthened. On the other hand, the WPSIW contribution is the smallest in spring, and the largest in winter during the La Nina periods.
目次 Table of Contents
誌  謝 i
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iv
目  錄 vi
圖次 ix
第1章 前言 1
1.1. 水團與鋒面 1
1.2. 黑潮 1
1.3. 研究區域與目的 3
1.4. SCS水與WPS水之水文特徵 3
1.5. 足跡遠超過沖繩海槽之南海熱帶水與中層水 4
1.6. 60年溫鹽數據追蹤研究區域的熱帶水與中層水時空變化 5
1.6.1. 過去此區域長時間序列的相關研究 5
1.6.2. ENSO對研究區域之影響 6
1.6.3. PDO對研究區域之影響 7
第2章 研究材料與方法 12
2.1. 數據來源 12
2.1.1. NODC 12
2.1.2. 實驗室數據 12
2.2. 分析方法 13
2.2.1. 軟體ODV輔助 13
2.2.2. 四季的劃分 13
2.2.3. ENSO事件以Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)劃分 13
2.2.4. PDO冷暖期以PDO index劃分 14
第3章 熱帶水 19
3.1. 鹽度極值分佈 19
3.2. 四季變化 19
3.2.1. 研究區域之SCSTW與WPSTW分佈 19
3.2.2. SCSTW與WPSTW在沖繩海槽之四季消長 20
3.2.2.1. PR19測線 21
3.2.2.2. 海槽中心 22
3.2.2.3. PR18測線 22
3.3. ENSO事件時之四季變化 23
3.3.1. 呂宋海峽之近期研究回顧 23
3.3.2. 沖繩海槽 23
3.3.2.1. 位密vs.平均鹽度的作圖方式 23
3.3.2.2. 以經度與季節劃分 24
3.3.2.3. 以正常、聖嬰與反聖嬰時期劃分 25
3.3.2.4. WPSTW在正常、聖嬰與反聖嬰時期於PR18的消長 26
3.4. PDO冷暖期之四季變化 27
3.4.1. 呂宋海峽 27
3.4.1.1. PDO暖期 27
3.4.1.2. PDO冷期 27
3.4.2. 沖繩海槽 28
3.4.2.1. PDO暖期 29
3.4.2.2. PDO冷期 29
3.4.3. PDO對南灣的影響 31
第4章 中層水 45
4.1. 鹽度極值分佈 45
4.2. 四季變化 45
4.2.1. 研究區域之SCSIW與WPSIW分佈 45
4.2.2. SCSIW與WPSIW在沖繩海槽之四季消長 47
4.2.2.1. PR19測線 48
4.2.2.2. 海槽中心 48
4.2.2.3. PR18測線 49
4.3. ENSO事件時之四季變化 49
4.3.1. 呂宋海峽之近期研究回顧 49
4.3.2. 沖繩海槽 49
4.3.2.1. WPSIW在正常、聖嬰與反聖嬰時期於海槽中心的消長 50
4.3.2.2. WPSIW在正常、聖嬰與反聖嬰時期於PR18的消長 51
4.4. PDO冷暖期之四季變化 52
4.4.1. 呂宋海峽 52
4.4.1.1. PDO暖期 53
4.4.1.2. PDO冷期 53
4.4.2. 沖繩海槽 55
4.4.2.1. WPSIW在PDO冷暖期於海槽中心的消長 55
4.4.2.2. WPSIW在PDO冷暖期於PR18的消長 56
第5章 結論 69
參考文獻 72
附錄1 鹽度梯度 78
附錄2 PDO冷暖相成熟期 82
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