汽車觸媒轉化器在煙道的空氣污染控制上扮演相當重要的角色，藉由觸媒擔體中之貴金屬Pt與Rh，可促進未完全燃燒之CO及HC進行氧化反應為無害氣體。貴金屬Pt與Rh在地殼中濃度分別約為0.05 mg/kg與0.001 mg/kg，含量相當稀少，加上近年來全球對於貴金屬需求大於供給，導致貴金屬價格上漲。綜觀上述情形，從廢棄的汽車觸媒轉化器來回收貴金屬被視為重要的途徑之一。
本研究首先將汽車廢觸媒轉化器之外殼拆解，取出內部含貴金屬之載體，研磨成粉狀後以60 mesh篩網過篩，再以濕法冶金將載體中貴金屬浸漬溶出至王水中，接著利用鋅粉將貴金屬Pt與Rh從王水中置換析出，達到與其他基本金屬分離及提高純度之目的，析出之貴金屬Pt與Rh則富集於王水中形成貴金屬富集液。
接著利用具低揮發性且可回收再利用之離子液體，將貴金屬Pt與Rh分離萃取，並以實驗設計法進行貴金屬Pt萃取之萃取試驗，設定的參數有pH、反應時間、離子液體濃度及螯合劑濃度，並將實驗結果藉由反應曲面法分析最佳操作條件。以最佳操作條件進行驗證，Pt萃取率皆可達到100%。萃取完畢後以氯化銨(NH4Cl)溶液來沉澱離子液體中之貴金屬Pt，將生成之六氯鉑酸銨((NH4)2PtCl6)放入高溫爐中以1000 ℃鍛燒兩小時後，即可得到純度99.95%之海綿Pt，符合電子材料及界面活性劑所需之純度。

The automotive catalytic converters play an important role in the control of air pollutants. The incomplete combustion of CO and HC could be oxidized as a harmless gas by the precious metal−platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh), but the concentrations of Pt and Rh in the earth crust are about 0.05 mg/kg and 0.001mg/kg which are quite rare. In additional, the global demand of precious metal has more than the supply leading to higher prices in recently years. Accordingly, Recovery of precious metals from spent automotive catalysts has been seen as an important approach.
First of the study, the shell of the spent automotive catalysts would be cut off to obtain the carrier. The carrier were ground to appear in the powdery, then sieved by 60 mesh. Second, the precious metals of carrier would be stripped with the aqua regia. The next step was to precipitate the Pt and Rh out of the solution by adding the zinc (Zn) powder to form a replacement and achieve the purpose of purify increasing. The Pt and Rh would be dissolved into aqua regia as the enriched solution.
The ionic liquid that has the properties of low volatile and recyclable was adopted to extract and separate the Pt from the Rh of enriched solution. And the experimental design method with parameters of pH, reaction time, concentrations of ionic liquid and chelators was used to carry on the test. Subsequently, the results would be analyzed by the response surface methodology to obtain the optimum operating conditions. Then, the NH4Cl(aq) was added into the ionic liquid that contained the Pt, and the (NH4)2PtCl6)(s) was formed. In the end, the (NH4)2PtCl6(s) was calcined under 1000 ℃ for 2 hours by the high-temperature furnace. The Pt sponge of 99.95% purifies which could be applied on the electric materials and surfactants were obtained.

第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 汽車觸媒轉化器 4
2-1-1汽車觸媒轉化器催化反應原理 5
2-1-2觸媒擔體之化學性質 6
2-2 鉑族金屬 7
2-2-1鉑、鈀及銠的性質與用途 8
2-3 貴金屬回收狀況 9
2-3-1國內貴金屬回收情形 10
2-3-2國外貴金屬回收情形 11
2-4貴金屬回收方法 12
2-4-1濕法冶金 12
2-4-2火法冶金 15
2-5貴金屬之鋅粉置換反應 16
2-6離子液體簡介 17
2-6-1離子液體之特性 18
2-6-2離子液體之優勢 20
2-6-3離子液體之應用 21
第三章 研究方法 22
3-1研究架構與流程 23
3-2實驗材料與藥品 24
3-3主要實驗項目 25
3-4實驗設備 29
3-5全因子實驗設計法 34
3-5-1變異數分析 35
3-5-2反應曲面法 36
第四章 結果與討論 37
4-1廢觸媒之元素全量分析 37
4-2貴金屬浸漬溶出 39
4-2-1貴金屬Pt之浸漬溶出結果 39
4-2-2貴金屬Rh之浸漬溶出結果 41
4-3鋅粉置換反應 43
4-3-1鋅粉置換貴金屬Pt之結果 44
4-3-2鋅粉置換貴金屬Rh之結果 47
4-4 [BMIM][PF6]萃取貴金屬Pt之結果 50
4-4-1 [BMIM][PF6]萃取貴金屬Pt之變異數分析 54
4-4-2 [BMIM][PF6]萃取貴金屬Pt之反應曲面 56
4-4-3 [BMIM][PF6]萃取貴金屬Pt之預測效用水準及驗證 62
4-5 [QP][Cl]萃取貴金屬Pt之結果 64
4-5-1 [QP][Cl]萃取貴金屬Pt之變異數分析 67
4-5-2 [QP][Cl]萃取貴金屬Pt之反應曲面 69
4-5-3 [QP][Cl]萃取貴金屬Pt之預測效用水準及驗證 75
4-6 [QP][Bis]萃取貴金屬Pt之結果 77
4-6-1 [QP][Bis]萃取貴金屬Pt之變異數分析 80
4-6-2 [QP][Bis]萃取貴金屬Pt之反應曲面 82
4-6-3 [QP][Bis]萃取貴金屬Pt之預測效用水準及驗證 88
4-7 NH4Cl沉澱含貴金屬Pt之離子液體 90
4-8高溫鍛燒提純Pt之實驗 92
4-9離子液體回收再利用實驗 94
4-10實廠化分析 96
第五章 結論與建議 97
5-1結論 97
5-2建議 98
參考文獻 99

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