Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0507116-220819 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0507116-220819
論文名稱
Title
工作壓力、情緒耗竭對離職傾向之影響-以人格特質為干擾變項
The Effect of Job Stress and Emotional Exhaustion to Turnover Intention-The Mediating Role of Personality Trait
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
88
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2016-06-04
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2016-06-13
關鍵字
Keywords
離職傾向、工作壓力、人格特質、情緒耗竭
Job Stress, Personality Trait, Turnover Intention, Emotional Exhaustion
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5838 次,被下載 0
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5838 times, has been downloaded 0 times.
中文摘要
工作壓力於職場中產生的問題層出不窮,進而影響至身心情緒耗竭,最終導致離職亦或身心受損,本研究之目的在於探討工作壓力、情緒耗竭與離職傾向之關聯性以及內外控人格特質影響工作壓力及情緒耗竭程度。

本研究針對企業正職工作者為對象,進行網路問卷及紙本問卷「問卷調查法」之調查,使用問卷以「工作壓力」、「情緒耗竭」、「離職傾向」及「內外控人格特質」四大量表,共計發出共209份,有效問卷194份,透過統計軟體,以迴歸分析假設的方式驗證研究結果。

研究分析結論歸納如下:
一、工作壓力與離職傾向有顯著正向關係。
二、情緒耗竭與離職傾向之間有正向關係。
三、外控人格特質對於工作壓力與情緒耗竭之關係具有干擾作用。
四、情緒耗竭對工作壓力與離職傾向具有中介效果。

關鍵字:工作壓力,人格特質,情緒耗竭,離職傾向
Abstract
Working under great stress causes many problems, it will lead to emotional exhaustion and finally the turnover even physical or mental harm. The purpose of this research was to explore the relations among work stress, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention, including how personality on the locus of control affects the level of work stress and emotional exhaustion.

The object of research was the employees of industry who were provided by online and paper questionnaires which contained the following four scales, “Job Stress” , “emotional exhaustion” , “turnover intention” and “personality in locus of control”. A total of 194 samples were valid in all the 209 questionnaires and were analyzed by the regression analysis of statistical software to verify the results of this research.

The results of analysis were summarized as following:
一、the work stress and turnover intension are significantly correlated.
二、positive correlation appears between the emotional exhaustion and turnover
intention.
三、personality of the external locus of control interferes with the job stress an
emotional exhaustion.
四、the emotional exhaustion has a mediation effect to the job stress and
turnover intention.

Keyword :Job Stress, Personality Trait, Emotional Exhaustion, Turnover Intention
目次 Table of Contents
目 錄
第一章 緒論1
第一節 研究動機與目的1
第二節 研究流程 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 工作壓力 5
一、 工作壓力定義5
二、 工作壓力來源8
三、 工作壓力影響10
四、 研究假設與推導12
第二節 情緒耗竭 13
一、 情緒耗竭定義13
二、 研究假設與推導16
第三節 離職傾向 17
一、 離職傾向的定義17
二、 離職傾向相關理論18
三、 研究假設與推導22
第四節 人格特質 23
一、 人格特質定義23
二、 人格特質的分類26
三、 本研究採用之人格特質類型29
四、 研究假設與推導31
第三章 研究方法 33
第一節 研究架構與假設33
第二節 研究設計 34
一、 工作壓力34
二、 情緒耗竭35
三、 離職傾向35
四、 內外控人格特質36
第三節 樣本組成及資料分析37
第四章 研究討論 40
第一節 相關係數 40
一、 所有變項40
二、 連續尺度43
三、 迴歸分析45
第五章 結論與建議53
第一節 研究結論 53
第二節 研究限制與未來研究建 55
參考文獻60
一、英文文獻60
二、中文文獻70
三、網站引用74
附錄:研究問卷75

圖 次
圖1-1 研究流程圖4
圖2-1 工作壓力理論演進8
圖2-2 情緒耗竭理論演進16
圖3-1 研究架構圖33
圖4-1工作壓力、情緒耗竭關係,外控人格特質作為干擾之交互作用圖50
圖4-2 工作壓力、情緒耗竭關係,離職傾向作為中介效果變項圖52

表 次
表2-1 國內外學者工作壓力暨相關理論定彙整6
表2-2 國內外學者工作壓力源暨相關理論彙整9
表2-3 國內外學者工作壓力影響彙整11
表2-4 國外學者情緒耗竭相關理論彙整14
表2-5 國外學者離職傾向相關理論彙整17
表2-6 國外學者離職傾向相關理論彙整21
表2-7 國外學者人格定義彙整23
表3-1 樣本人口統計變項統計表38
表4-1所有變項相關係數表41
表4-2 連續尺度分配表 44
表4-3 工作壓力與離職傾向的關係迴歸分析45
表4-4 情緒耗竭與離職傾向迴歸分析46
表4-5 工作壓力、情緒耗竭關係,外控人格特質作為干擾迴歸分析49
表4-6 工作壓力、離職傾向的關係,情緒耗竭中介51
表5-1 研究假說結果分析53
參考文獻 References
一、英文文獻
Abelson (1986),Strategic management of turnover: A model of the health service administrator. Health Care Management Review, p.61-71.

Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A Psychological Interpretation. New York:olt, Rinehart & Winston.

Allport, G.W (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York:Holt, Rinehart& Winston.

Applications to stress and management in the workplace. In R. T. Golembiewski (Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp.57-80). New York: Marcel Dekker.

Arnold, H. J. & Feldman, D. C. (1982). A Multivariate Analysis of The Determinants of Job Turnover, Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(3), 350-360.

Brockner (1988), The Effects of work Layoffs on Survivors: Research, Theory and Practice. Research in Organizational Behavior, 10: 213-255.

Bromet, E., Sonnega, A. and Kessler, R.C. (1998). “Risk factors for DSM-III-R posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from the National Comorbidity Survey.” American Journal of Epidemiology, 147, pp.353-361.

Caplan, R. D., & K. W. Jones (1975). Effect of Working Load, Role Ambiguity, and Type A Personality on Anxiety, Depression, and Heart Rate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(6), 713-719.

Caplan, R. D., Cobb, S., French, J. R. P., Jr., Van Harrison, R., & Pinneau, S. R. (1975). Job demands and worker health: Main effects and occupational differences. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Cattell (1973). R.B. Cattell , Personality and Mood by Questionnaire. ,Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.

Christie & Geis (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.

Cooper, C. L. (1983). Identifying Stressors at work. Recent research development, 27 (5), 369-376.

Cooper, C. L., & Marshall J. (1976). Occupational sources of stress: A review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental ill health. Journal of Occupation Psychology, 49(1), 11-28.

Cooper, C. L., Sloan, S. J., & Williams, S. (1988). Occupational stress indictor management guide. Windsor UK: NFER-Nel-son.

Cooper, Marshall (1976), “Occupational sources of stress: A review of the literature relating to cornary heart disease and mental health”. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 11-28.

Cordes, C., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993).A Review and An Integration of Research on Job Burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18: 621-656.

Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992) Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 5-13.

De Cenzo & Robbins (1996), Human Resources Management, New York Differences in the Workplace. London: Routledge, Chapman and Hall Inc.

Digman, (1990), Daft, R. L., Organization Theory &; Design, (New York: West, 1995)Digman, J. M., &; Inouye, J., Further specification of the five robust factors of personality, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(1), 116–123.

Folkman, S. , & Lazarus, R. S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York : Springer Publishing Company.

French, J. R. P. & Caplan, R. D. (1973). Organizational Stress and Individual Strain. In A. J. Marrow (Eds.), The Failure of Success. New York: AMACOM, 30-66.

French.(1962).A programmatic approach to studying the industrial environment and mental health. Journal of Social Issues, 18, 1-47

Friedman ,M. and R. H. Roseman (1974). Type A Behavior and Your Heart. New York. Knopf.

Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R. ( 1974 )Type A behavior and your heart. New York: Knopf.
Furnham, Adrian. (1992), Personality at Work: The Role of Individual.

Guilford, J. P. (1959). Personality. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Hergenhahn, B. R. (1990), An introduction to theories of personality (3rd ed.), California: Oxford University press.

Hilgard, E. R., & Atkinson, R. C. (1969). Introduction to psychology. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Hobfoll, S. E. (1989).Conservation of resources theory: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524.

Hobfoll, S. E.(1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513-524.

Hobfoll, S. E., & Shirom, A. (2001).Conservation of resources theory: Applications to stress and management in the workplace, In Golembiewski, R. T. (Eds.). Handbook of Organizational Behavior (pp. 57-80). New York.

Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley, CA: University of California.

Hogan, J. (1991). Structure of physical performance in occupational tasks. Journal of Applied Psychology,76: 495-507.

Kail, R. V. & J. C. Cavanaugh (2000).Human Development: A Life Span View. (2nd edition). Belmont, California: Wadsworth.

Kerr, J., and L. Kren. (1992). Effect of relative decision monitoring on chief executive compensation. Academy of Management Journal 35(2): 370-397.

Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S. R., & Kahn, S. (1982). Hardiness and health: A prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 168-177.

Kroes, W. H. and B. Margolis (1974)“Job Stress in Police Administrators,” Journal of Police Science and Administration, Vol.2, pp. 381-327.

Lazarus (1966). Psychological Stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Lee & Ashforth,(1996). A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Correlates of the Three Dimensions of Job Burnout.

Lee, R. T. & Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimension of job burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 123-133.

Lefcourt, H. M. (1966), Belief in personal control: Research and implications, Journal of Individual Psychology, 22(), 185-195.

Lefcourt, H. M. (1966), Internal versus external control of reinforcement: a review, Psychological Bulletin, 65(), 206-220.

Lefcourt, H. M. (1972). Recent developments in the study of locus of control, In Maher, B. A. (Eds.), Progress in, 1-39, New York: Academic Press.

Lucas, M.D., Atwood, J.R., & Hangaman, R. (1993). Replication and Validation of Anticipated Turnover Model for Urban Registered Nurses. Nursing Research,42(1),pp.29-35.

Margolis, G. L., W. H. Korse, and R. P. Duinn (1974).“Job Stress: An Unlisted Occupational Harzard,” Journal of Occupational Medicine,Vol. 16, pp. 650-655.

Maslach & Jackson (1981). The Measurement of experienced burnout , Journal of Occupational behavior, 2, 99-113.

Maslach, C. (1982). Burnout:The cost of caring, NY:Prentice Hall.

Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E.(1984). Burnout in organizational settings. In S. Oskamp (Ed.). Applied social psychology annual: applications in organization.

Maslach, C., (1978). The Client Role in Staff Burnout. Journal of Social Issues, 34: 111-124.

Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-422.

Mobley(1977). Intermediate Linkages in the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover, Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(2), 238.


Mobley, W. H. (1977). Intermediate Linkages in the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(2), 237-240.

Morris, J. E., & Long, B. C. (2002). Female clerical workers' occupational stress: The role of person and social resources, negative affectivity and stress appraisals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 4, 395-410.

Price (1977). The Study Of Turnover, Ames: Lowa State University Press.

R.M.Goldenson (1970).The encyclopedia of human behavior,1,86. New York: Doubleday. Psychology,Psychiatry,and Mental Health, New York: Doubleday & Company,WC.

Renn, Robert W. and Robert J. Vandenberg (1991). Differences in Employee Attitudes and Behaviors Based on Rotter’s (1966) Internal-External Locus of Control: Are They All Valid?” Human Relations, Vol.44, No.11, 1161-1178.

Robbins (2001). Organizational behavior, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Robbins, S. P. (2001). Organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Robbins, S. P. (2005). Organizational behavior (11th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Roberts, James A., Richard S. Lapidus, and Lawrence B. Chonko (1997). Salespeople and Stress: The Moderating Role of Locus of Control on Work.

Roth, S., & Bootzin, R.R (1974). The effect of experimentally induced expectancies of external control:An investigation of learned helplessness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 253-264.

Rotter(1966).Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: eneral and Applied, 80(1), 1-27.

Rotter, J. (1954), Social learning and clinical psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Selye, H. (1955). Stress and disease. Science, 122: 625-631.

Selye, H. (1956). The stress of life. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Selye, H.(1976). The stress of life .New York: MC Graw-Hill.
settings, Vol. 5 (pp.133-154). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Snyder, M. (1987). Public appearances/private realities: the psychology of self-monitoring. San Francisco: Freeman.

Sousa-Poza, A.& F. Henneberger (2004),”Analyzing Job Mobility with Job Turnover Intentions: An International Comparative Study.” ,Journal of Economic Issues,Vol.38,No.1,pp.113-137.

Spector (1986), Spector, PE. (1987). "Method Variance as an Artifact in Self-Reported Affect and Perceptions al Work: Myth or Significant Problem," Journal of Applied Psychology, 72 (August). 438-3.

Spector, P. E. (1988). Development of the work locus of control scale. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 61, 335-340.

Spielberger ,C.D. ( 1966) : Anxiety and behavior , New York : Academic press.

Steers(1977). Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Commitment, Administrative Science Quarterly,22.

Steers(1988). Work and stress. Introduction to organizational behavior .

Steers, R. M.& L. W. Porter, (1973). Organizational, Work, and Personal Factors in Employee Turnover and Absenteeism, Psychological Bulletin, 80, 151.

Szilagyi, (1979), Keeping Employee Turnover under Control, Personal, The Management of People at Work, pp.42-52.

Taylor (1974), Scientific Management, New York: Harper and Brothers.

Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of abuse ivesupervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43,178-190.

Tepper, B. J. (2001). Health consequences of organizational injustice: Tests of main and interactive effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86, 197-215.

Tett, R.P. & Meyer, J.P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention and turnover: Path analyses based on meta-analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46, 259-290.

Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. New York: Guilford Press.

Williams, L. J., & Hazer, J. T. (1986). Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and commitment in turnover models: A re-analysis using latent variable structural equation methods. Journal of Applied Psychology,71, 219-231.

Wright & Cropanzano, .(1998). “Emotional exhaustion as a predictor of job

Wright, T. A. & Cropanzano, R.(1998). Emotional exhaustion as a predictor of job performance and voluntary turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 486-493.

Zimbardo, (1985). P. Psychology and Life, 12th ed. Boston, MA: Scott, Foresman and Co.

二、中文文獻
田蘊祥 (2007),世代因素對公務人員工作壓力影響之實證分析。淡江人文社會學科,29。61-92。

行政院勞工委員會 (1995),勞工安全衛生研究報告-國人工作壓力量表之建立,行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所編印。

行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所 (1995),國人工作壓力量表之建立。

余伍洋、蔡世仁、陳明招、陳泰瑞、楊志偉 (2005),年輕女性三向度人格特質與依賴音量大小聽覺誘發波的關係,台灣精神醫學,19(2),110-118。

余昭 (1989),人格心理學,台北:三民出版社。

余振忠譯,Bonoma &; Zaltman (1985),「實用管理心理學」,遠流:台北。

吳子輝 (1975),內外控取向與自由選擇對閱讀測驗成績的影響。國立政治大學教育研究所。
吳宗佑、鄭伯壎 (2006).工作投入、調節他人情緒能力與情緒勞動之交互作用對情緒耗竭的預測效果.中華心理學刊,48(1),69-87。

吳秉恩 (1993),組織行為學,台北,華泰文化。

吳靜吉、潘養源、丁興祥 (1980),內外控取向與工作滿足及績效之關係—國立政治大學學報,第41期,頁61-74。

李再長、李俊杰、曾雅芬 (2005),大型企業組織生涯管理、個人生涯規劃、個人人格特質、工作滿意度之關連研究,人力資源管理學報,5(1),53-76。

李彥儀 (1990),台北市國民中學導師人格特質、領導行為對班級氣氛之影響研究。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文。

卓辛銓 (2011),求職自我效能及內外控人格特質對就業力與尋職行為影響之研究。國立彰化師範大學企業管理學系國際企業經營管理研究所碩士論文。

林芝華 (2013),人格特質、組織激勵制度、工作壓力與離職傾向之關聯性探討-以資訊科技產業業務人員為例。國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。

林長瑞 (1985),員工的人格特質, 人口特性與電腦化態度之關係. 國立政治大學企業管理研究所, 碩士論文.
林晏鈴、張婉菁 (2010),師徒功能與工作壓力之關係:以組織社會化為中介變項。人力資源管理學報,10(3),75-96。

林欽榮 (1983),管理心理學,台北:五南。

邱兆宏 (2004),壓力與健康:整合分析與模式驗證之研究,高雄醫學大學行為科學研究所碩士班研究所碩士論文。

徐西森 (1998),商業心理學,台北市:心理出版。

高鳳霞、鄭伯壎 (2014),職場工作壓力:回顧與展望,人力資源管理學報,第12卷第2期,77-101頁。

張春興 (1991),張氏心理辭典。台北,台灣:東華。

張春興 (1991),現代心理學,東華書局,台北。

張寶仁 (1999),勞工之人格特質與工作壓力知覺及工作壓力反應之相關研究:以某公司製糖工人為例。國立台灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。

陳春希、高瑞新 (2014),工作壓力與工作適應:探討不同工作特性基層警察人員組織承諾的調節效果,人力資源管理學報,第10卷第4期,1-31頁。
陸洛 (1997),工作壓力之歷程:理論與研究的對話。中華心理衛生學刊, 10﹙4﹚,19-51。

陸洛 (1998), 中國人幸福感之內涵, 測量及相關因素探討. 國家科學委員會研究彙刊: 人文及社會科學, 8(1), 115-137。

陸洛、李惠美、謝天渝 (2005),牙醫師職業壓力與身心健康、職業倦怠之關係:以高雄市牙醫師為例1。應用心理研究,27,59-80。

曾玉滿 (2009),工作壓力對工作績效關係之探討-以諮商為干擾變項,國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。

黃寶園 (2004),結合統合分析與結構方程模式之理論驗證:以壓力調節反應模式之建立與驗證為例,國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所博士論文。

黃寶園 (2009),工作壓力對工作滿足、職業倦怠影響之研究:統合分析取向。教育心理學報,第12卷3期,439-462頁。

黃囇莉,李茂興 (1989),組織行為管理心理學理論與實務,台北:揚智文化事業股份有限公司,463-473。

楊國樞 (1989),中國人孝道的概念分析,見楊國樞 (主編)《中國人的心理》。台北:桂冠圖書公司。

楊濱燦 (1994),員工個體特徵, 組織氣候與組織承諾之關係研究-中, 美, 日企業之比較, 中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文。

詹佳林 (2011),職場員工人格特質與工作倦怠之研究。育達商業科技大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。

路婉林 (2010),國小教師人格特質與教師效能之相關研究-以臺南市教師為例。國立臺中教育大學教育測驗統計研究所。

蔡欣嵐 (2001),工作特性、人格特質與工作滿意度之關係之-以半導體業為
例,國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。

三、網站引用
中華民國自律神經失調症協會(TANSS)http://www.tanss.org.tw/15
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus:永不公開 not available
校外 Off-campus:永不公開 not available

您的 IP(校外) 位址是 54.163.200.109
論文開放下載的時間是 校外不公開

Your IP address is 54.163.200.109
This thesis will be available to you on Indicate off-campus access is not available.

紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 永不公開 not available

QR Code