在生育率降低以及經濟逐情況漸下降的背景下，本研究主要目的在於探究台灣如何能使用人口資源來提升與維持經濟發展。本研究採取質性研究，研究資料分別來自於不同受訪者、官方資料庫與網站以及相關主題文獻的第一手與第二手資料。研究資料中將呈現對台灣及德國的描述分析以及比較分析。
研究結果顯示臺灣正面臨兩個主要問題：勞工與技術的短缺以及青年失業率的增加。和台灣一樣，德國的出生率也很低，然而，德國的經濟發展卻較不受其影響。為了解決這個問題，比較分析顯示出(歡迎)移民以及職業教育能夠帶來許多有利(提振經濟發展)的機會。但是台灣的移民政策以及保守主義卻傾向於排斥外籍勞工；其次，由於國家對職業教育的貶低與輕視，促使了職業教育逐漸萎縮，並造成教育(方向)與產業需求的落差。
本研究的結論提供了幾項建議，盼望透過舒緩移民政策以及提升對職業教育的重視，產生足夠的人力資本以締造新的(經濟)奇蹟。本文盼望能喚起部分台灣人民 - 特別是執政者，對此問題的意識以促進發起改革。因此，本文能為此國家的問題帶來些微貢獻。

In a context of declining fertility and slowing down economy, the primary purpose of this study is to determine how Taiwan could possess adequate human resources to boost and sustain the economic development. The research used a qualitative approach based on primary and secondary data collected through different interviews, official databases and websites, and relevant literatures on the topic. The data were organized in a descriptive and comparative analysis between Taiwan and Germany.
The results first revealed that Taiwan is currently facing two major issues: a labor and skills shortage along with an increasing youth unemployment rate. Similarly to Taiwan, Germany has a very low birth rate; nevertheless, the nation seems less affected by those economic matters. In order to tackle both issues, the comparative analysis showed that immigration and vocational education can provide several benefits. Nevertheless, the Taiwanese immigration practices and their protectionist tendency tend to repel foreign workers. Moreover, the national devaluation of practical training has induced a decline in the quality of the vocational education, which led to a mismatch between education and industry.
The research was concluded by providing some suggestions to relax the immigration practices and revalue the practical training in the education system in order to produce a human capital able to promote a new miracle. This thesis hopes to raise awareness among the Taiwanese population, and especially authorities, to maybe foster and orientate some changes. Therefore, this study could make a small contribution to improving the nation’s situation.

Table of Contents

Abstract (English)……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………i
Abstract (Mandarin)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..ii
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..iii
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….v
List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………vii
List of Tables………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………viii
I. Introduction...................................................................................................................1
1. Topic background and purpose statement…………………………………………….....1
2. Development plan……………………………………………………………………………….......3

II. Literature Review………..……………………………………………………………………………………………4
1. Perception of the relation between fertility and economic performance
in the most advanced countries and mainland China.…………………….…………4
- Change in discourse over the last century.……………………..……………..5
- Europe…………………………….................................................................6
- East Asia………………………………………………….………………………….…....…...7
- Taiwan………………………..…………………………………………………….….………..9
2. Thesis statement………………………………………………………………………….……….…10

III. Research Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………………11

IV. Taiwan and Germany: Background Introduction…………………………………………………….12
1. Why comparing those two countries? ......................................................12
2. General presentation of each country………….……………….………………………..13
- Taiwan…………………………………………………………………………………..……..13
- Germany……………………...……………………..……………………………….……..16

V. Demographic and Economic Evolutions………………………………………………………………….18
1. Taiwan………………………………………………………………………………………………………18
2. Germany……………………………………………………………………………………..…….…….26

VI. Labor Shortage and Immigration……………………………………………………………………….……31
1. Taiwan………………………………………………………………………………………………….….31
- Benefits of immigration…………………………………………..………..…..…….33
- Immigration policies and practices…………………………….………….…....36
- Foreign labor……………………………………………………………….…..……..…..37
- Foreign professionals………………………………………………….……….………40
- Alien Permanent Resident Certificate……………………….……….….…...42
- Other restrictions…………………………………………………….…………….….…43
- Overseas students……………….…………………………………...……..………...45

2. Germany……………………………………………………………………………………………….….46
- Inside the EU……………………………………………………………………………..…47
- Outside the EU…………………………………………………………………..………..48
- Integration……………………………………………………………………………………50

VII. Unemployment and Education……………………………………………………………….………………51
1. Taiwan………………………………………………………………………………..……..…..……….51
- Technological and vocational education…………………………….……….53
- Impact on the overall system………………………………….…....……..…….60
2. Germany………………………………………………………………………………………..…..…..63
- Vocational education………………………..………………………………..….….65

VIII. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………69
1. Arguments & Suggestions…………………………………………………………....………..69
2. Limitations…………………………..………………………………………………….…...…….….79
References…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………82
Appendix..................................................................................................................................89

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