本研究利用高流量空氣採樣器(PS-1)及階段式衝擊器(MOUDI)分析高雄都會區(左營站及小港站)於四季、中部鄉村(竹山站及新港站)於非農廢燃燒時期及農廢燃燒時期大氣中多環芳香烴(PAHs)之濃度特徵，並藉由粒徑分析探討多環芳香烴濃度於不同粒徑之分佈，最後利用受體模式解析高雄都會區及中部鄉村之可能污染來源。

高雄都會區(左營站及小港站)之PAHs濃度均以夏季(81.4 ng/m3及95.2 ng/m3)最低，以冬季(143.9 ng/m3及182.9 ng/m3)最高。左營站及小港站之低分子量PAHs(LW-PAHs)大多以氣相為主，其所佔百比分別為43.8-96.7 %及65.2-97.5 %。高分子量PAHs(HW-PAHs)以顆粒相為主，所佔比例分別為40.5-95.2 %及24.8-94.1 %。

中部鄉村竹山站於非農燃期及農燃期之PAHs濃度分別為330.04 ng/m3及567.81 ng/m3；新港站於非農燃期及農燃期之PAHs濃度分別為427.46 ng/m3及571.80 ng/m3。總PAHs濃度範圍，皆以農燃時期懸浮微粒濃度略高於非農燃時期。

在受體模式方面，高雄都會區模擬污染來源結果顯示，左營站PAHs排放來源最高為移動源(49.5-63.3 %)，小港站PAHs排放來源最高為燃燒源 (49.1-63.7 %)。中部鄉村模擬污染來源結果顯示，竹山站於非農燃期排放來源最高為移動源(汽油+柴油)佔66.5±8.0 %，竹山站於農燃期移動源(汽油)+稻桿燃燒排放佔57.3±6.9 %與移動源(柴油)佔42.7±6.9 %；新港站於非農燃期間排放來源最高為移動源(汽油)+塑膠製程焚化爐排放佔54.3±6.4 %，新港站在農燃期排放來源最高為寺廟焚香+稻桿燃燒+移動源(汽油+柴油)排放佔50.7±4.6 %。

The high-volume air sampling (PS-1) and micro-orifice uniformdeposit impactor (MOUDI) were used to measure the concentrations ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere for fourseasons at Tuzo-Yin and Hsiung-Kong site in Kaohsiung city, in the airof a agricultural residue open burning area in Jhu-Shan and Sin-Gang siteduring the rice straw non-burning and burning periods, together with thesize distributions. Also, the receptor model was employed to determinethe potential sources of PAHs.
The results show that the highest concentrations of PAHs occurred inwinter, being 143.9 ng/m3 and 182.9 ng/m3 at Tzuo-Yin and Hsiung-Kongsite, respectively; while the lowest concentrations of PAHs occurred insummer, being 81.4 ng/m3 and 95.2 ng/m3. The low-weight PAHs in thetwo sites were abundant in gaseous phase, being 43.8−96.7% and65.2−97.5% at Tzuo-Yin and Hsiung-Kong site, respectively. Meanwhile,the high-weight PAHs were almost present in particulate phase, being40.5−95.2% and 24.8−94.1 % at Tzuo-Yin and Hsiung-Kong site,respectively.
The average PAHs concentrations were 330.04 and 567.81 ng/m3during the rice straw non-burning and burning period in Jhu-Shan site, theaverage PAHs concentrations were 427.16 and 571.80 ng/m3 during therice straw non-burning and burning period in Sin-Gang site, respectively,in the rice straw burning period, which were higher than those on thenon-burning days.
The results of by CMB receptor modeling indicated that the major sources of pollution was exhaust emission (49.5−63.3%) in Tzuo-Yin site,and was burning source (49.1−63.7%) in Hsiung-Kong site in Kaohsiungcity. The results of APCA model analysis indicated that the major sourcesof pollution was mobile source (gasoline and diesel) were 66.5±8.0%during the rice straw non-burning period, and was mobile (gasoline) andrice straw non-burning source were 57.3±6.9% during the rice strawburning period in Jhu-Shan site in Central Taiwan. The results of APCAmodel analysis indicated that the major sources of pollution was mobile(gasoline) and plastics incinerator source were 54.3±6.4% during the ricestraw non-burning period, and was burning incense in temple, rice straw,mobile (gasoline and diesel) source were 50.7±4.6% during the rice strawburning period in Sin-Gang site in Central Taiwan.

謝誌.......................................................................................................I
摘要.......................................................................................................II
Abstract................................................................................................III
目錄.......................................................................................................V
表目錄...................................................................................................IX
圖目錄...................................................................................................XI
附表目錄...............................................................................................XIII
附圖目錄...............................................................................................XIII
第一章 前言.........................................................................................1-1
1.1 研究緣起...................................................................................1-1
1.2 研究目標...................................................................................1-1
第二章 相關研究及文獻回顧............................................................2-1
2.1 高雄市近年空氣及氣象背景資料概述...................................2-1
2.1.1 空氣品質PSI 變化趨勢.....................................................2-1
2.1.2 各空氣污染物濃度變化趨勢............................................2-3
2.1.3 高雄市空氣污染物排放量概估........................................2-9
2.1.4 高雄地區歷年氣象概述....................................................2-12
2.2 中部空品區及雲嘉南空品89−95 年空氣品質趨勢概述.......2-15
2.2.1 空氣品質PSI 變化趨勢.....................................................2-15
2.2.2 各空氣污染物濃度變化趨勢............................................2-17
2.2.3 風速與風向........................................................................2-29
2.3 多環芳香烴化合物(PAHs) .......................................................2-32
2.3.1 多環芳香烴化合物之特性................................................2-32
2.3.2 PAHs 之危害.......................................................................2-36
2.3.3 PAHs 之來源.......................................................................2-40
2.3.4 多環芳香烴化合物濃度變化特性解析............................2-44
2.3.5 多環芳香烴化合物粒徑分佈特性....................................2-45
2.4 多環芳香烴化合物之乾沉降...................................................2-46
2.4.1 乾沉降機制........................................................................2-46
2.4.2 大氣中影響乾沉降之因素................................................2-47
2.4.3 乾沈降速度與乾沈降通量................................................2-48
2.5 懸浮微粒簡介...........................................................................2-49
2.5.1 懸浮微粒定義....................................................................2-49
2.5.2 懸浮微粒形成及來源........................................................2-49
2.6 露天燃燒特性...........................................................................2-52
2.6.1 農廢燃燒所排放之污染物種............................................2-52
2.6.2 農廢露天燃燒量................................................................2-53
2.7 受體模式...................................................................................2-54
2.7.1 化學質量平衡模式............................................................2-54
2.7.2 主成分分析/絕對主成分分析...........................................2-55
第三章 研究方法與步驟..................................................................3-1
3.1 研究架構與流程.......................................................................3-1
3.2 現場採樣...................................................................................3-2
3.2.1 大氣多環芳香烴化合物採樣規劃....................................3-2
3.2.2 採樣點背景概述................................................................3-5
3.3 採樣方法與設備.......................................................................3-5
3.3.1 大氣濃度採樣.....................................................................3-5
3.3.2 乾沈降採樣........................................................................3-7
3.3.3 懸浮微粒粒徑分析............................................................3-8
3.3.4 樣品分析............................................................................3-9
3.4 多環芳香烴化合物之污染來源分析.......................................3-11
3.4.1 CMB8 模式理論基礎.........................................................3-11
3.4.2 因子分析(Factor Analysis, FA)..........................................3-15
3.4.3 絕對主成分分析(Absolute Principal Component
Analysis, APCA).................................................................3-16
3.5 多環芳香烴化合物分析之品質保證與品質控制...................3-22
3.5.1 空白試驗............................................................................3-22
3.5.2 方法偵測極限....................................................................3-23
3.5.3 檢量線之配置....................................................................3-23
3.5.4 準確度................................................................................3-24
3.5.5 精密度(RSD)......................................................................3-25
第四章 結果與討論............................................................................4-1
4.1 採樣時間之氣象資料...............................................................4-1
4.1.1 高雄都會區於採樣時間之氣象資料................................4-1
4.1.2 中部鄉村於採樣時間之氣象資料....................................4-4
4.2 大氣中多環芳香烴化合物(PAHs)濃度...................................4-5
4.2.1 大氣中TSP 及PAHs 濃度................................................4-5
4.2.2 大氣中PAHs 之氣相及顆粒相分佈.................................4-17
4.3 乾沉降........................................................................................4-22
4.3.1 懸浮微粒乾沉降通量........................................................4-22
4.3.2 懸浮微粒乾沉降速度........................................................4-23
4.4 粒徑分佈...................................................................................4-25
4.4.1 高雄地區懸浮微粒與PAHs 粒徑分佈.............................4-25
4.4.2 中部鄉村懸浮微粒與PAHs 粒徑分佈.............................4-29
4.4.3 總懸浮微粒及總PAHs 濃度之MMD 及σg .....................4-33
4.5 PAHs 之特徵比值......................................................................4-35
4.6 高雄都會區及中部鄉村污染來源之解析...............................4-39
4.6.1 高雄都會區污染來源之解析............................................4-39
4.6.2 中部鄉村污染來源之解析.................................................4-46
第五章 結論與建議............................................................................5-1
5.1 結論............................................................................................5-1
5.2 建議............................................................................................5-3
參考文獻.............................................................................................參-1
附錄A 高雄都會區及中部鄉村採樣日期之風花圖.................... 附A-1
附錄B 高雄都會區及中部鄉村PAHs 濃度採樣原始數據表..... 附B-1
附錄C 作者簡歷與學術著作........................................................ 附C-1

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