摘 要

過去研究中，憤怒情緒對創意產生之影響有著不一致的結果。部分研究認為憤怒情緒抑制創意產生，但近幾年研究顯示，憤怒情緒能增加個體認知動機並提升當下的創意表現。查閱相關文獻發現，造成差異之原因可能來自人格的友善性程度。高度友善性個體對憤怒情緒評價較差，低度友善性個體對憤怒情緒評價較佳，進而影響創意表現結果。故本研究進行一個實驗，驗證友善性在憤怒情緒與創意表現間的調節效果。首先，在中山大學網路布告欄號召自願的參與者總共114位，並給予酬勞台幣100元。接著依照報到順序隨機分派成兩種情緒組別﹝實驗組與控制組﹞。實驗組誘發憤怒情緒，控制組誘發中性情緒。最後將創意思考測驗偽裝成與本研究不相關的任務，使參與者於不知情的情況下進行測量。參照實驗結果，高度友善性參與者經歷憤怒情緒後，相對中性情緒的創意表現是下降的；低度友善性參與者經歷憤怒情緒後，相對中性情緒的創意表現是提昇的。根據目前結果顯示，友善性在憤怒情緒與創意表現間的確扮演調節的角色，憤怒情緒對創意表現的影響，會因為個體友善性程度不同造成方向上之改變。如前所述，研究結果證明友善性的調節效果，也解釋人們經歷憤怒情緒所產生的不一致表現，並對情緒與人格之關係以及創新啟發有所貢獻。

關鍵詞：憤怒情緒、創意、友善性人格、調節效果

Abstract
Previous studies regarding the effect of experiencing anger on creative performance have shown controversial findings. Some of them reported that anger may hamper creative performance, but others in recent years showed that anger may promote cognitive motivation and improve creative performance. The present study contend that the association between anger and creative performance depends on individuals’ level of agreeableness. Anger which in line with low agreeable individuals’ goal can motivate those people to engage in creative performance. In contrast, anger which is incompatible with high agreeable individuals’ goals may inhibit creative motivation and engagement. An experimental study was conducted to show that agreeableness moderates the effect of experiencing anger on creative performance. A total of 114 undergraduates recruited by the Bulletin Board System of National Sun Yat-sen University participated in the experiment for NT $100. Participants were randomly assigned to receive the anger or neutral emotion induction via the recall technique. Following the emotion manipulation, participants completed the unusual test of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking. Agreeableness was measured by the 12-item Agreeableness subscale of the Revised Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Personality Inventory-Short Form. Participants with lower average levels of agreeableness showed better creative performance after experiencing anger relative to neutral emotion, whereas participants with higher average levels of agreeableness showed better creative performance after experiencing neutral emotion relative to anger. This research demonstrated that agreeableness may serve as a moderator between anger and creative performance. Finding of the study not only provide a viable account for integrating inconsistent findings regarding the effect of experiencing anger on creative performance but also contribute to contingent strategies for creative education.

Keyword: anger, creative performance, agreeableness, moderating effect.

學位論文審定書
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
圖次 v
表次 vi

第一章 緒論 1
第二章 文獻探討 2
　第一節 情緒與創意 2
　第二節 憤怒情緒與創意 4
　第三節 友善性的調節效果 5
第三章 研究方法 7
　第一節 研究參與者與設計 7
　第二節 情緒操弄與測量7
　第三節 創意思考測驗 8
　第四節 友善性的評定 8
　第五節 實驗流程 9
第四章 研究結果 10
　第一節 情緒操弄檢核 10
　第二節 憤怒情緒與友善性對創意表現的影響 12
第五章 研究討論 17
　第一節 理論與文獻的對應 17
　第二節 研究限制與建議 18
　第三節 結論 19
參考文獻 20
附錄 27
　
圖　次
圖一 情緒操弄檢核圖 12
圖二 友善性對憤怒情緒影響創意流暢性表現的調節效果 14
圖三 友善性對憤怒情緒影響創意變異性表現的調節效果 16

表 次
表一 情緒操弄檢核變異數分析摘要表 10
表二 情緒操弄檢核事後比較摘要表 11
表三 創意流暢性表現變異數分析摘要表 13
表四 創意變異性表現變異數分析摘要表 15
表五 回歸分析摘要表 16

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