本論文提出一系列新型、低成本並能滿足車輛系統規格需求的天線設計，我們利用平面式天線的設計，來達成車用天線所需的垂向與全向性水平輻射場型，以及所要求的低姿勢結構，並分別針對天線的輻射場型控制做一研究，且考量天線製作成本及天線效能，以符合輕、薄、短、小與商用化之需求，最後經由模擬與天線實作的結果驗證我們的理論與設計。

In this dissertation, many novel low-cost planar antenna designs are presented for on-vehicle applications. Promising planar antennas showing the desired broadside and omnidirectional radiation patterns and having low-profile configurations are demonstrated. Also, studies on controlling the radiation patterns are conducted. Details of the measured and simulated results of the studied antennas are presented and discussed.

文字目錄..................................................i
圖形目錄.................................................iv
表格目錄.................................................xi
第 一 章 序 論 (Introduction)..........................1
1.1 概述..................................................1
1.2 文獻導覽..............................................2
1.3 論文提要..............................................3
第 二 章 適用於行動通訊系統之低姿勢車用平面天線設計 (On-Vehicle Low- Profile Metal-Plate Antennas for Mobile Communication Systems)....................................6
2.1 適用於900 MHz之低姿勢車用平面天線設計.................7
2.1.1 天線設計原理...............................7
2.1.2 實驗結果與分析............................10
2.2 適用於AMPS/GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS之低姿勢金屬片天線設計....15
2.2.1 天線設計原理..............................15
2.2.2 實驗結果與分析............................17
2.3 心得討論.............................................21
第 三 章 適用於DAB訊號接收之印刷式單極天線設計 (Printed Monopole Antenna for DAB Operation)......................23
3.1 天線設計原理.........................................26
3.2 實驗結果與分析.......................................27
3.3 心得討論.............................................31
第 四 章 具有垂向輻射場型控制之天線設計 (Antennas with Broadside Radiation Pattern Control).....................32
4.1 一種具有倒L形接地面之橋接點平面單極天線設計..........33
4.1.1 天線設計原理..............................34
4.1.2 實驗結果與分析............................37
4.2 一種具有探針式饋入之傾斜橋接點平板天線設計...........49
4.2.1 天線設計原理..............................50
4.2.2 實驗結果與分析............................52
4.3 心得討論.............................................59
第 五 章 具有全向性水平輻射場型控制之天線設計 (Antennas with Omnidirectional Radiation Pattern Control)..........61
5.1 一種可控制輻射場型的全向性單極天線設計...............62
5.1.1 天線設計原理..............................62
5.1.2 實驗結果與分析............................65
5.2 一種使用截角圓錐形接地面之頂端負載單極天線設計.......71
5.2.1 天線設計原理..............................72
5.2.2 實驗結果與分析............................75
5.3 心得討論.............................................83
第 六 章 具有寬頻全向性輻射之矩形柱單極天線設計 (Wideband Omnidirectional Square Cylindrical Monopole Antenna).................................................84
6.1 天線設計原理.........................................88
6.2 實驗結果與分析.......................................90
6.3 心得討論.............................................95
第 七 章 結 論 (Conclusion)...........................96
參考文獻 (References)....................................98
論文著作表 (Publication List)...........................105

[1] 中華智慧型運輸系統協會, http://www.its-taiwan.org.tw
[2] J. Harada and M. Shinkawa, “Whip antenna for use in vehicles,” U.S. Patent No. 5325104, Jun. 1994.
[3] M. Shinkawa and M. Kimura, “Method for manufacturing a telescopic antenna for vehicles,” U.S. Patent No. 5638594, Jun. 1997.
[4] J. Keller and S. R. Geiger-Visci, “Antenna mounted indentification maker,” U.S. Patent No. 5636588, Jun. 1997.
[5] M. Aminzadeh, M. Burkert, M. Daginnus and S.-P. Chen, “Flat antenna,” U.S. Patent No. 5818394, Oct. 1998.
[6] F. N. B. Hung, “Double antenna especially for vehicles,” U.S. Patent No. 5977920, Nov. 1999.
[7] H. Tachihara and M. Ahrabian, “Window glass antenna apparatus for vehicles,” U.S. Patent No. 6208303 B1, Mar. 2001.
[8] H. Endo, A. Wakul, M. Hashimoto, M. Saitoh and M. Ahrabian, “Window antenna apparatus for vehicles,” U.S. Patent No. 6211832 B1, Apr. 2001.
[9] H. Oka, “Glass window antenna system for motor vehicles,” U.S. Patent No. 6215450 B1, Apr. 2001.
[10] H. Lindenmeier, J. Hopf, L. Reiter and R. Kronberger, “Antenna for radio and television reception in motor vehicles,” U.S. Patent No. 6236372 B1, May 2001.
[11] G. Sauer, “Pane antenna for automobiles,” U.S. Patent No. 6198447 B1, Mar. 2001.
[12] K. J. Twort and J. Davies, “Radio antenna for vehicle window,” U.S. Patent No. 6268832, Jul. 2001.
[13] M. Saitoh, R. Langley and H. Endo, “Window glass antenna apparatus for vehicles,” U.S. Patent No. 6396445 B1, May 2002.
[14] S. Fuyama, “Electronic toll collection system,” U.S. Patent No. 6509843 B1, Jan. 2003.
[15] Z. D. Liu, P. S. Hall and D. Wake, “Dual-frequency plannar inverted F antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 45, pp 1451-1458, Oct. 1997.
[16] C. R. Rowell and R. D. Murch, “A compact PIFA suitable for dual-frequency 900/1800-MHz operation,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 46, pp 596-598, Apr. 1998.
[17] S. Tarvas, J. Mikkola, S. Kivela and A. Isohatala, “Planar dual-frequency antenna and radio apparatus employing a planar antenna,” U.S. Patent No. 6252552, Jun. 2001.
[18] S. Tarvas and A. Isohatala, “An internal dual-band mobile phone antenna,” in 2000 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 266-269.
[19] M. Martinez-Vazquez. M. Geissler, D. Heberling, A. Martinez-Gonzalez and D. Sanchez-Hernandez, “Compact dual-band antenna for mobile handsets,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 87-88, Jan. 20, 2002.
[20] P. Salonen, M. Keskilammi and M. Kivikoski, “New slot configurations for dual-band planar inverted-F antenna,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 28, pp. 293-298, Mar. 5, 2001.
[21] N. Chiba, T. Amano and H. Iwasaki, “Multifrequency inverted-F type antenna,” U.S. Patent No. 6195048, Feb. 2001.
[22] F. R. Hsiao, H. T. Chen, G. Y. Lee, T. W. Chiou and K. L. Wong, “A dual-band planar inverted-F patch antenna with a branch-line slit,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 310-312, Feb. 20, 2002.
[23] W. Dou and W. Y. M. Chia, “Novel single-feed dual-band planar inverted-F antenna with a slot,” in 2000 Int. Symp. Antennas Propagat. (ISAP), pp. 1115-1118.
[24] J. Ollikainen, O. Lehmus, M. Fischer and P. Vainikainen, “Internal dual-band patch antenna for mobile phones,” in Proc. Millennium Conf. on Antennas Propagat., Davos, Switzerland, p. 364.
[25] D. Manteuffel, A. Bahr, D. Heberling and I. Wolff, “Design considerations for integrated mobile phone antennas,” in Proc. 2001 Int. Conf. on Antennas Propagat. (ICAP), pp. 252-254.
[26] S. T. Fang, S. H. Yeh and K. L. Wong, “Planar inverted-F antennas for GSM/DCS mobile phones and dual ISM-band applications,” in 2002 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 4, pp. 524-527.
[27] G. H. K. Lui and R. D. Murch, “Compact dual-frequency PIFA designs using LC resonators,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 49, pp 1016-1019, Jul. 2001.
[28] S. H. Yeh and K. L. Wong, “Compact dual-frequency PIFA with a chip-inductor-loaded rectangular spiral strip,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 33, pp. 394-397, Jun. 20, 2002.
[29] S. N. Tsai, “Antenna module for portable computer,” U.S. Patent No. 6297779, Oct. 2001.
[30] W. L. Cheng and C. H. Fang, “Antenna for portable device,” U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2001/0040529 A1, Nov. 2001.
[31] P. V. Anob, K. P. Ray and G. Kumar, “Wideband orthogonal square monopole antennas with semi-circular base,” in 2001 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 294-297.
[32] E. Lee, P. S. Hall and P. Gardner, “Compact wideband planar monopole antenna,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 35, pp. 2157-2158, Dec. 9, 1999.
[33] P. V. Anob, K. P. Ray and G. Kumar, “Wideband orthogonal square monopole antennas with semi-circular base,” in 2001 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 294-297.
[34] Z. Ying, “Printed multiband patch antenna,” U.S. Patent No. 6343208 B1, Jan. 2002.
[35] T. J. Talty, Y. Dai and L. Lanctot, “Automotive antennas trends and future requirments,” in 2001 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 430-433.
[36] Y. T. Liu, S. W. Su, C. L. Tang, S. T. Fang and K. L. Wong, “On-vehicle low-profile metal-plate antenna for 900-MHz,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 40, pp. 79-80, Jan. 5, 2004.
[37] World DAB Forum, http://www.worlddab.org
[38] 蕭文劍, “台灣DAB數位廣播產業現況分析與發展,” 經濟部工業局之DAB數位廣播系統技術與應用報告, 中華民國九十一年。
[39] U.S. Frequency Allocations, Office of Spectrum Management, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, U.S.A., http://www.ntia. doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.html.
[40] T. J. Talty, Y. Dai and L. Lanctot, “Automotive antennas trends and future requirements,” in 2001 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 430-433.
[41] S. Honda, M. Ito, H. Seki and Y. Jinbo, “A disc monopole antenna with 1:8 impedance bandwidth and omnidirectional radiation pattern,” in Proc. 1992 Int. Symp. Antennas Propagat., Sapporo, Japan, pp. 1145-1148.
[42] P. P. Hammoud and F. Colomel, “Matching the input impedance of a broadband disc monopole,” IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 406-407, Feb. 18, 1993.
[43] N. P. Agrawall, G. Kumar and K. P. Ray, “Wide-band planar monopole antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 46, pp. 294-295, Feb. 1998.
[44] Z. H. Chen and Y. W. M. Chia, “Impedance characteristics of trapezoidal planar monopole antennas,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 27, pp. 120-122, Oct. 20, 2000.
[45] M. J. Ammann, “Control of the impedance bandwidth of wideband planar monopole antennas using a beveling technique,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 30, pp. 229-232, Aug. 20, 2001.
[46] M. J. Ammann and Z. N. Chen, “A wide-band shorted planar monopole with bevel,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, pp. 901-903, Apr. 2003.
[47] S. Y. Suh, W. L. Stutzman and W. A. Davis, “Multi-broadband monopole disc antennas,” in 2003 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 3, pp. 616-619.
[48] P. V. Anob, K. P. Ray and G. Kumar, “Wideband orthogonal square monopole antennas with semi-circular base,” in 2001 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 294-297.
[49] K. L. Wong, Planar Antennas for Wireless Communications, Wiley, New York, 2003, Chap 5.
[50] F. S. Chang and K. L. Wong, “Broadband patch antenna edge-fed by a coplanar probe feed,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett.,vol. 31, pp. 287-289, Nov. 20, 2001.
[51] F. S. Chang, K. L. Wong and T. W. Chiou, “Low-cost broadband circularly polarized patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, pp. 3006-3009, Oct. 2003.
[52] Y. M. Jo, “Broad band patch antennas using a wedge-shaped air substrate structure,” in 1999 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 932-935.
[53] A. Yamamoto, T. Matsuyoshi and K. Ogawa, “Monopole antenna,” U.S. Patent No. US 6486847 B1, Nov. 2002.
[54] A. Kuramoto, “LAN antenna and reflector therefor,” US Patent Publication No. US 2002/0158807 A1, Oct. 2002.
[55] Y. T. Liu, C. W. Su, C. L. Tang, S. T. Fang and K. L. Wong, “Radiation pattern control for an on-ceiling omnidirectional monopole antenna,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 41, pp. 106-108, Apr. 20, 2004.
[56] IEEE 802.16 Working Group on Broadband Wireless Access Standards, http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/16/index.html.
[57] 資策會資訊市場情報中心, http://mic.iii.org.tw
[58] K. L. Wong, Planar Antennas for Wireless Communications, Wiley, New York, 2003.
[59] J. D. Kraus, Antennas, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988, p. 379.
[60] S. W. Su, K. L. Wong and C. L. Tang, “Ultra-wideband square planar monopole antenna for IEEE 802.16a operation in the 2-11-GHz band,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 42, pp. 463-466, Sep. 20, 2004.