本研究以一重型柴油引擎在穩態循環條件下進行測試，先運用車上發電機將富餘之電力在氫氧機中電解水以產生氫氣和氧氣，並在固定60 L/min之氫氧氣進入燃燒室內與不同添加比例生質柴油(B0、B5、B10、B20 及B30)進行燃燒，以期瞭解柴油引擎效能方面之整體變化趨勢及燃燒效率進而減少Carbonyls 排放。
研究發現，固定60 L/min的H2/O2作為混合燃料時，傳統污染物THC、CO排放因子，隨生質柴油添加比例增加而下降；NOx、CO2及PM排放因子則反之。
醛酮化合 物則隨著生質柴油比例增加(0%–30%)而減少，其濃度依序為239.87μg/m3、234.69μg/m3、226.55μg/m3、 213.39μg/m3及207.19μg/m3，其排放減量為2.16%、5.55%、11.04%及13.62%。由上述可知，柴油引擎中的生質柴油 摻配比例愈高，其醛酮化合物排放愈低。
純柴油(B0)與生質柴油(B5、B10、B20 及B30)之臭氧生成潛勢(OFP)為：1,538.26 μg-O3/m3、1,496.15μg-O3/m3、1,447.31μg-O3/m3、1,368.00 μg-O3/m3 及1,327.84 μg-O3/m3，表示隨生質柴油添加比例越高，臭氧生成潛呈現下降趨勢，Carbonyls之光化反應性降低。綜合引擎耗油柴油當量以及氫氧機耗電柴油 當量，整體耗能之柴油當量分別為2.261 L、2.262 L、2.321 L、2.322 L 及2.342 L。由上述可知，隨著生質柴油比例增加，其整體耗能之柴油當量增加。節能效益方面呈現下降趨勢分別為–0.04%、–2.65%、–2.70%、 –3.58%。

The emission tests were conducted under steady-state cycle condition in a heavy-duty diesel engine using 0% to 30% ratios of biodiesel fuel with constant H2/O2 (60 L/min) inflow rate for understanding the emission characteristics of carbonyl compounds and overall engine performance.
Experimental results showed that the emission factors of THC (total hydrocarbon) and CO (carbon monoxide) decreased with the increasing biodiesel ratio (0% – 30%). On the contrary, NOx, CO2, and PM emission factors increased with the increasing biodiesel ratio (0% – 30%).
The emission concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 239.87 μg/m3, 234.69μg/m3, 226.55μg/m3, 213.39μg/m3, and 207.19μg/m3 for B0 (pure diesel), B5, B10, B20 and B30 of biodiesel fuel, respectively, i.e., decreasing with increasing addition of biodiesel fuel.
The Ozone Formation Potentials, OFP, for pure diesel and biodiesel (B5, B10, B20, B30) were 1538.26μg-O3/m3, 1496.15μg-O3/m3, 1447.31μg-O3/m3, 1368.00μg-O3/m3, and 1327.84μg-O3/m3, respectively, decreasing with the increasing biodiesel ratio. Thus, addition of biodiesel in diesel fuel can reduce the photochemical formation of ozone.
Total oil equivalents, combining fuel consumption of diesel and biodiesel and electricity consumption of H2/O2 generator, were 2.261, 2.262, 2.321, 2.322 and 2.342 for B0, B5, B10, B20, and B30, respectively. That is, energy consumption was increased with the addition of biodiesel with the rates of 0.04% (B5), 2.65% (B10), 2.70% (B20), and 3.58% (B30), respectively.

謝誌 ....................................................................................................... i
摘要............................................................................................................ii
Abstract ....................................................................................................iii
目錄 ..................................................................................................... iv
圖目錄 ................................................................................................vii
表目錄 .................................................................................................. x
第一章 前言............................................................................................ 1
1.1 研究緣起..............................................................................................1
1.2 研究目標..............................................................................................3
第二章文獻回顧.................................................................................... 4
2.1 能源概論..............................................................................................4
2.1.1 現今能源概況............................................................................... 4
2.1.2 節能效益....................................................................................... 7
2.1.3 生質柴油概述............................................................................... 8
2.1.4 氫燃料物化特性......................................................................... 10
2.1.5 氫氣之生成反應與來源............................................................. 13
2.1.6 氫氣燃料之應用......................................................................... 15
2.2 柴油引擎及污染排放特徵................................................................17
2.2.1 柴油引擎簡介和未來發展......................................................... 17
2.2.2 柴油引擎作用原理..................................................................... 17
2.2.3 引擎設定及控制技術對污染物排放之影響............................. 19
2.2.4 傳統污染物排放特徵及健康危害性......................................... 25
2.3 醛酮化合物........................................................................................30
2.3.1 醛酮化合物之性質..................................................................... 30
2.3.2 醛酮化合物之來源..................................................................... 32
2.3.3 醛酮化合物之轉化反應............................................................. 32
2.3.4 醛酮化合物於大氣之分佈特性................................................. 34
2.3.5 醛酮化合物及其前驅物致臭氧生成特性................................. 35
2.3.6 醛酮化合物之健康危害............................................................. 36
2.3.7 不同燃油中對柴油車排放醛酮之影響..................................... 39
第三章研究方法與步驟...................................................................... 43
3.1 研究架構與流程................................................................................43
3.2 實驗規劃............................................................................................44
3.2.1 氫氧氣進氣量之添加比例......................................................... 44
3.2.2 生質柴油之添加比例................................................................. 44
3.2.3 採樣規劃..................................................................................... 45
3.3 採樣設備............................................................................................46
3.3.1 柴油引擎規格............................................................................. 46
3.3.2 氫氧機......................................................................................... 46
3.3.3 三相電力分析儀......................................................................... 47
3.3.4 醛酮化合物採樣方法與設備..................................................... 48
3.4 採樣程序............................................................................................51
3.4.1 柴油系統..................................................................................... 51
3.4.2 傳統污染物量測......................................................................... 53
3.4.3 Carbonyls 採樣............................................................................. 54
3.5 樣品分析............................................................................................55
3.6 分析設備及程序................................................................................57
3.7 Carbonyls 分析之品質保證與品質控制............................................57
3.7.1 空白試驗..................................................................................... 57
3.7.2 方法偵測極限(Method Detection Limit, MDL)......................... 58
3.7.3 檢量線(Calibration Curve)之配置.............................................. 59
3.7.4 準確度(Accuracy) ....................................................................... 59
3.7.5 精密度(Precision ......................................................................... 61
第四章結果與討論.............................................................................. 63
4.1 生質柴油與固定60 L/min的H2/O2進氣量混合對引擎性能之影響63
4.1.1 制動熱效率................................................................................. 63
4.1.2 制動單位燃料消耗率................................................................. 66
4.2 以60 L/min 氫氧氣混和生質柴油對於柴油引擎之排放特徵.......68
4.2.1 碳氫化合物(THC)....................................................................... 69
4.2.2 氮氧化物(NOX)........................................................................... 71
4.2.3 一氧化碳(CO) ............................................................................. 73
4.2.4 二氧化碳(CO2)............................................................................ 75
4.2.5 懸浮微粒(PM) ............................................................................. 76
4.3 以60 L/min 氫氧氣混和生質柴油對於柴油引擎醛酮類化合物排放特徵....78
4.3.1 Total Carbonyls 之排放濃度與排放減量.................................... 78
4.3.2 Total Carbonyls 之排放因子特徵................................................ 81
4.3.3 Total Carbonyls 之組成分析..................................................... 87
4.4 柴油引擎醛酮化合物排放對臭氧生成潛勢之影響......................110
4.5 Carbonyls 年排放量推估..................................................................112
4.6 節能效益..........................................................................................116
第五章結論與建議............................................................................ 122
5.1 結論..................................................................................................112
5.2 建議 ..................................................................................................124
參考文獻 ............................................................................................ 125
附錄 .................................................................................................. 133

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