隨著資訊科技與運算技術的快速進步，整合型應用與無所不在的行動計算科技環境，將相關科技技術應用在智慧交通系統上，發展成為「車載資通訊系統」(Telematics)，其應用在車輛上的服務重點，包括行車安全、視聽娛樂、車況與道路的即時訊息傳播等。然而，在車輛上配備的資訊設備與個人電腦設備比較下，車輛上的設備其運算資源服務仍然受到限制，若透過車輛的設備來進行通訊和提供整合應用服務，勢必需消耗更多的運算時間與資源，造成若透過車輛上的設備所提供的服務效能較低，同時需消耗更多電力的資源。車載網路是車載資通訊服務系統(Telematics)中的主要研究議題之一，而車載網路和專用短距離通信(DSRC)之間為無線通訊，彼此之間的行動性與調適性變得越來越重要，因此車際網路有一些重要的研究議題值得探討，包括如何降低頻寬的使用量、減少網路的抖動變化(Jitter)與降低封包遺失率等，以確保服務品質。因車輛與車輛之間的通訊是屬於短距離的傳輸，所以車輛間的相對距離與行駛速度有很大關聯性。而如何在車際間與車路間(Vehicle to vehicle, vehicle to roadside)能平順的傳送多媒體串流服務會是一大挑戰，其研究議題，包括：多媒體伺服器至車輛間傳輸路徑網路頻寬使用的流暢性、使用者端設備的資源等級(包括: memory, buffer, computing capacity等)、車際間雙向路由的建立、車路間資料合作傳輸的效能以及如何確保達到網路服務品質(QoS)等。因此，本論文提出一套 “車際通訊多媒體串流服務品質控制機制”，主要在探討車際通訊時，針對傳送多媒體串流服務，能即時提供智慧型的資源適應與調變性機制，此機制包括4個子模組，包括：(1) 多媒體的QoS調適機制：主要是基於行動設備的現有可用頻寬和資源限制，即時調整其傳送機制，以符合需求並確保服務的品質；(2) 網路感知傳輸調配控制機制：導入網路分層編碼與分層傳輸技術，採用網路感知機制，針對現有的網路狀況，適時調整其傳送服務內容，以符合使用者的需求；(3) 車際間的網路雙向傳送機制：導入網路雙向傳送概念，應用在車輛間通訊，能快速建立網路連線與快速回復網路連線中斷等問題，以及(4) 車路間的協同傳輸機制：在車路間通訊傳輸服務時，可透過車輛與車輛間的協同合作機制，達到傳送不中斷的網路服務，並達到服務品質保證。

With rapid progresses in mobile computing technologies, the integrated and ubiquitous computing environment has been developed into Telematics services, which focuses on the safety, entertainment and information of vehicles. Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is one of well-known environments where Telematics is applied. Compared with personal computers, the communication capability of on-board devices in vehicles is still limited due to their high mobility. Therefore, how to efficiently utilize the limited communication capability of an on-board device is one of the main challenges on Telematics. To improve the service quality of Telematics, the coordination between wired networks and mobile networks becomes more and more important. However, some features in VANET such as low-bandwidths, high jitters, high packets loss rates and so on make it difficult to guarantee service quality. Furthermore, inter-vehicle communication is short range transmissions. Links between vehicles are difficult to maintain. How to ease the impact of intermittent communications is one of major issues in VANET. This dissertation focuses on the multimedia streaming service for the VANET and proposes a mechanism to improve the service quality of multimedia streaming. The novel mechanism named “QoS control mechanism for multimedia streaming services in VANET” is proposed in the dissertation, which is comprised of four sub-mechanisms: (1) Multimedia QoS Adaptation Module: It makes decision for the adjustment of QoS request based on available bandwidth and resource constraints on the mobile devices; (2) Network-Aware Transmission Adaptation Controller: Layered-coding scheme is employed and base layers and enhancement layers are well scheduled based on their individual features; (3) Bi-directional Routing Protocol for V2V Communication: fast route discovery and local repair routing protocol is proposed to improve the performance of multi-hop V2V communications, and (4) Cooperative Transmission for V2R Communications: involving buddy vehicles with the consideration of collisions to improve the total throughput in a RSU.

論文審定書 i
Acknowledgements iii
摘要 iv
Table of Contents vii
List of Figures viii
List of Tables x
List of Symbols xi
Abbreviations xiv
1. Introduction 1
2. Related Works 4
2.1 Telematics 4
2.2 Multimedia Streaming 7
2.3 Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) 10
2.4 IEEE802.11p/1609 15
2.5 Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) 18
2.6 Delay Tolerant Network 19
2.7 Wireless Channel Model 22
2.8 Bandwidth Estimation Mechanism for Mobile Networks 26
3. The Architecture and Methodology of the Research 29
3.1 Multimedia QoS Adaptation Module 30
3.2 Network-Aware Transmission Adaptation Mechanism 34
3.3 Bi-directional Routing Protocol for V2V Communication 42
3.4 Cooperative Transmission for V2R Communications 55
4. Simulation Results 69
4.1 Simulation Results of Network-Aware Transmission Adaptation Mechanism 69
4.2 Simulation Results of Bi-directional Routing Protocol 74
4.3 Simulation Results of Cooperative Transmission mechanism 77
5. Conclusion 85
Reference 87
Appendix 92
A. Formula 92

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