以生物處理石化工業廢水中污染物時，因廢水特性(污染物濃度高、污染物生物分解性低、鹽度高)，致不易達成預期處理效果。
本研究將一石化工業廢水場既有之「生物滴濾塔-併連活性污泥池」系統，捨去「生物滴濾塔」，另將「併連活性污泥池」系統改為「串連活性污泥池」以消除生物滴濾塔排出之異味，並提高COD去除率；另測試在高鹽廢水內添加不同營養鹽與不同的控制參數，提升高鹽廢水污染物之生物分解率。結果顯示，「生物洗滌塔-並聯曝氣槽系統」改成串聯曝氣槽(生物滴濾塔停用)後，處理水COD由164 mg/L降至138 mg/L，生物滴濾塔停用亦解決廠區異味問題。
在高鹽廢水中添加營養鹽結果顯示，於高鹽廢水內添加1 mL/L保久乳並控制pH值於7.5，其COD去除率較無控制添加組佳，約為60%以上；當進一步控制溫度為25±1oC時，其去除率更可達80%以上，為試驗中最佳者。
處理丙烯腈廢水部分，經試驗後知，當丙烯腈廢水進水COD濃度約為600 mg/L時，其COD去除率為最佳，約為60%；當進水COD高於1000 mg/L時，微生物無法負荷，幾無去除效果。

Degree of biodegradation of organic pollutants in some petrochemical wastewaters can possibly be affected by several factors such as high organic concentrations, refractory chemical and salinity in raw wastewaters. Reaction temperature and pH are two possible affecting factors during treatment.
This study focused on the improvement of effluent qualities of a wastewater treatment plant for treating raw wastewaters originated from a naphtha-cracking plant, a VCM (vinyl chloride monomer) plant, and an acrylonitrile (AN) plant. The combined wastewater has a design flow rate of 20,000 m3/day (CMD) and a COD (chemical oxygen demand) of 1,200 mg/L. The wastewater was treated first by two biotrickling filters (BF) in parallel followed by two activated sludge (AS) ponds in parallel. COD values in the effluent from the BF and the AS were around 900 and 200 mg/L, respectively. The BFs emitted odorous foul gas containing ammonia, mercaptans, hydrogen sulfide, and various volatile organic compounds (VOC) which polluted the nearby and downstream ambient air. This study focused on the feasibility test by bypassing the BFs and treating the wastewater by connecting the two AS ponds in series for the purposes of eliminating four gas emission from the BFs and upgrading the effluent COD removal. A pilot test shows that by the approach, effluent COD could decrease from 164 to 138 mg/L. By supplementing 1 mL/L milk to the high-salinity wastewater and keeping pH of the treating wastewater at 7.5, COD removal could be over 60%. By lowering the treating wastewater to 25±1oC, COD removal could achieve to over 80%.
Results from AN wastewater treatment indicate that by diluting the wastewater to an influent COD of around 600 mg/L, 60% COD of the wastewater could be removed. However, no COD could be removed with an influent COD of over 1,000 mg/L because of the toxicity of the ingredient compounds to the microorganisms in the AS system.

目 錄
論文審定書………………………………………………………… i
誌謝………………………………………………………………… ii
中文摘要…………………………………………………………… iii
英文摘要…………………………………………………………....iv
目錄………………………………………………………………… v
表次………………………………………………………………… viii
圖次………………………………………………………………… ix
第一章 前言……………………………………………………….. 1
1.1 研究背景與動機………………………………………….. 1
1.2 研究內容與目的………………………………………….. 2
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………….. 3
2.1活性污泥法………………………………………………… 3
2.2生物除氮原理……………………………………………… 4
2.2.1 硝化作用…………………………………………… 6
2.2.2 脫硝作用…………………………………………… 7
2.3批次活性污泥法…………………………………………… 8
2.3.1 SBR去除COD、硝化及脫硝操作………………… 9
2.3.2 酚及重金屬對COD及硝化抑制作用…………….. 10
2.4高鹽石化廢水處理………………………………………… 11
2.5丙烯腈石化廢水處理……………………………………… 14
2.6石化廢水中生物處理程序之ORP監控………………….. 20
第三章 實驗設備、材料與方法………………………………….. 23
3.1高鹽系統廢水處理改善…………………………………… 25
3.1.1活性污泥串聯處理高鹽廢水試驗…………………. 25
3.1.2 SBR處理高鹽廢水並添加營養鹽試驗……………. 30
3.1.3接觸曝氣處理高鹽廢水添加營養鹽試驗………….. 32
3.2 丙烯腈廢水處理改善…………………………………….. 34
3.3 石化廢水分析方法……………………………………….. 36
第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………….. 37
4.1活性污泥串聯處理高鹽廢水試驗………………………… 37
4.1.1 COD分析數據……………………………………… 37
4.1.2 總氮分析數據……………………………………… 39
4.2接觸曝氣處理高鹽廢水添加營養鹽試驗………………… 41
4.2.1 接觸曝氣(CA)之操作……………………………… 41
4.2.2 COD之去除效果…………………………………… 41
4.3 SBR處理高鹽廢水並添加營養鹽試驗…………………... 51
4.3.1 SBR之操作…………………………………………. 51
4.3.2 COD之去除效果…………………………………… 51
4.4 丙烯腈廢水處理改善…………………………………….. 57
4.4.1 SBR之操作…………………………………………. 57
4.4.2 COD之去除效果…………………………………… 57
第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………….. 60
參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 62
附錄………………………………………………………………… 64

邱創凡、鄒文源 (1989)，〝批式活性污泥的數學模擬及設計原則研究〞，中國土木水利工程學會第十四屆廢水處理技術研討會。
周明顯、陳康興、鄭文熙、李尚娟 (1993)，「中油高雄煉油廠林園廠綜合廢水氨氮去除模場暨現場試驗研究」，中國石油股份有限公司委託研究報告。
姚俊宇 (2000)，〝淺談水中氨氮處理〞，石油通訊技術篇。
高思懷、孫亞瑋 (1999)，Fenton法與活性碳配合於石化廢水處理之研究，第二十四屆廢水處理技術研討會論文集，pp. 245-252。
梁大為 (2002)，兩段SBR法處理石油化工廢水及程序控制參數研究，哈爾濱工業大學碩士論文。
許美論 (2003)〝半導體及光電事業排放含氮有機物之生物分解特性研究〞，中山大學環境工程所碩士論文。
孫劍輝、李萍 (2005)，〝循環活性污泥法處理丙烯腈廢水〞，Environmental Protection Of Chemicla Industry，第25卷第5期。
張嘉修 (2001)，〝微生物技術在廢水處理之應用〞，化工技術第九卷第二期。
黃明鶴 (2010)，薄膜生物反應器在工業廢水處理系統之應用，國立中山大學環境工程研究所碩士論文。
陳鴻烈 (1994)，〝廢水中高濃度氨氮之硝化作用〞，工業污染防治，第51期。
廖建治 (2001)〝電路板剝膜廢液之化學及生物處理〞，元智大學化學工程學系碩士論文。
歐陽橋暉 (1997)，〝廢水氮磷之生物處理技術〞，工業污染防治第62 期。
蘇忠禎 (2000)，〝有機廢水之微生物除氮機制與應用〞，科學農業48(1,2):42-45。
羅松年、王益真 (1999)，SBR 廢水生化處理技術之重新評估及推展應用，漿紙技術，Vol. 3，No1。
Ahmadun F. R., Pendashteh A., Abdullah L. C., Biak D. R. A., Madaeni S. S., Abidin Z. Z., (2009), Review of technologies for oil and gas produced water treatment, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 170: 530-551.
Ahmed G. H., Kutty S. R. M., Isa M. H. (2011), Petroleum refinery effluent biodegradation in sequencing batch reactor, International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 1(6): 179-183.
Figuerola E. L. M., Erijman L., (2010), Diversity of nitrifying bacteria in a full-scale petroleum refinery wastewater treatment plant experiencing unstable nitrification, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 181: 281-288.
Hudson N., Doyle J., Lant P., Roach N., de Bruyn B., Staib C., (2001), Sequencing batch reactor technology: the key to a BP refinery (Bulwer Island) upgraded environmental protection system – a low cost lagoon based retro-fit, Water Science and Technology, 43(3): 339-346.
Lee L. Y., Hu J. Y., Ong S. L., Ng W. J., Ren J. H., Wong S. H., (2004), Two-stage SBR for treatment of oil refinery wastewater, Water Science & Technology, 50(10): 243-249.
Malakahmad A., Hasani A., Eisakhani M., Isa M. H., (2011), Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) for the removal of Hg2+ and Cd2+ from synthetic petrochemical factory wastewater, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 191, 118-125.
Morling S., (2010), Nitrogen removal and heavy metals in leachate treatment using SBR technology, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 174, 679-686.
Xie B., Liang S. B., Tang Y., Mi W. X., Xu Y., (2009)，Petrochemical wastewater odor treatment by biofiltration, Bioresource Technology, 100 :2204-2209.
Zhou G., Sun J., Study on Effective Microorganisms Bacteria for Acrylonitrile Wastewater Treatment, IEEE , 978-1-4244-4713-8.
Zumf W. G., (1988) “The Nitrogen and sulphur cycles” p.245-279. Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge , Cambridge.