Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0521118-221439 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0521118-221439
論文名稱
Title
社會支持對新進人員角色行為的影響
The effects of social support on new employees' role behaviors
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
67
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2018-06-07
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2018-06-22
關鍵字
Keywords
同儕之社會支持、主管之社會支持、團隊凝聚力、角色內行為、角色外行為
supervisor social support, peer social support, group cohesiveness, extra-role behavior, in-role behavior
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5790 次,被下載 6
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5790 times, has been downloaded 6 times.
中文摘要
2017年底1111人力銀行發佈其企業人力調查,顯示高達6成6的企業面臨「人才荒」的壓力,尤其在進用人才時遭遇到的最大難處以「徵才」50.6%居冠;再加上企業普遍認為台灣就業市場最需解決的第一大問題就是「人才流動率高」(佔46.4%)。有鑑於此,近年有許多新進人員相關的研究,顯示在徵才大不易的情形下,如何透過各種管理行為與措施,提升新進人員留任率與工作績效,已成為企業重視的課題。本研究旨在探討同儕與主管對於新進人員的社會支持,對其在組織中角色行為展現是否具關聯性,以及社會支持對團隊凝聚力是否具關聯性,並是否會進一步影響新進人員角色行為。
本研究旨在探討同儕之社會支持、主管之社會支持、團隊凝聚力、角色內行為與角色外行為之關聯性。透過問卷調查法針對台灣各產業新進人員進行研究,本研究共回收103份有效問卷。結果發現:(1) 同儕與主管之社會支持,可以顯著預測團隊凝聚力;(2) 團隊凝聚力對角色行為具有部分顯著的預測效果;(3) 社會支持對角色行為有部分顯著的正向影響;(4)團隊凝聚力對於社會支持與角色行為之關聯不具中介效果。
  本研究綜合實證結果,提出以下幾點之管理實務意涵,以供實務界參考:
1. 推行學長姊制度與促進團隊合作,提升對新進人員同儕之社會支持程度
2. 提升團隊凝聚力
Abstract
The manpower survey conducted by 1111 job bank revealed that 66% of enterprises suffered from lack of manpower. Furthermore, 50.6% of them regard “recruiting” as the most difficult part in the overall hiring process. In general, most enterprises agree “high turnover” is the most serious problem in Taiwan job market. Therefore, recently there are many studies focusing on “new employees”. The aim is to find out how to implement managerial practice to improve new employees’ high turnover issue as well as enhance their performances. The research is to study the effects of peers’ and supervisors’ social support on new employees’ role behaviors. Moreover, we investigate if there is correlation between social support and group cohesiveness, and if this correlation will further influence new employees’ role behaviors.
The relationship among peer support, supervisor support, group cohesiveness, in-role behaviors and extra-role behaviors are discussed. Through conducting a survey on new employees, we collected 103 valid questionnaires. The results show (1) The effects of peers’ and supervisors’ support can positively predict group cohesiveness; (2) The effects of group cohesiveness partially and positively predict role behaviors; (3) The effects of social support have partial positive impact on role behaviors; (4) Group cohesiveness doesn’t have mediating effect between social support and role behaviors.
We propose two suggestions for managerial practice based on this study:
1. Implement mentor program and stimulate teamwork.
2. Enhance group cohesiveness.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻探討 4
第一節 社會支持 4
第二節 團隊凝聚力 8
第三節 角色行為 10
第四節 社會支持、團隊凝聚力與角色行為 13
第三章 研究方法 15
第一節 研究架構與假設 15
第二節 研究對象與調查方法 17
第三節 問卷設計與研究變數衡量方式 19
第四節 資料分析方法 23
第四章 研究資料分析 25
第一節 敘述統計 25
第二節 相關分析 25
第三節 迴歸分析 26
第四節 階層線性模式分析 27
第五章 結論與建議 37
第一節 研究結論 37
第二節 管理意涵 40
第三節 研究限制與後續研究建議 41
參考文獻 43
附錄 問卷
參考文獻 References
林增玉、溫金豐、鄧卉君、吳亭 (2009)。個人群體配適度與角色表現的關係:以護理人員為例。醫務管理期刊,10 (4),232-251。
張語宸(2017)。探討影響組織公民行為的因素-以因果報應觀作為調節變項。
邱淑妙 (2006)。團隊人格特質、轉換型領導與團隊效能之關係探討
--團隊凝聚力之中介角色。碩士論文,國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文。
周惠文、張秀華、李哲毅 (2012)。IT員工工作家庭衝突之探討:社會支持的調節效果。人力資源管理學報,12 (2),67-89。
Agarwal, R., Angst, C. M., & Magni, M. (2009). The performance effects of coaching: A multilevel analysis using hierarchical linear modeling. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 2110– 2134.
Albrecht, T. L., & Adelmann, M. B. (1987). Communicating social support: A theoretical perspective, Newbury Park, 18-40.
Amabile, T. M. (1996), Creativity in context: Update to the social psychology of creativity. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Antonuccio, D. O., Davis, C., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Breckenridge, J. S. (1987). Therapist variables related to cohesiveness in a group treatment for depression. Small Group Behavior, 18 (4), 557-564.
Appu, A. V., & Sia, S. K. (2015). Organizational social support: A predictor of employees workplace creativity. AIJBSR.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13, 209-223.
Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., Neubert, M. J., & Mount, M. K. (1998). Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 377–391.
Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affected and employee citizenship. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 587-595.
Bayraktar, S. (2017). Team cohesion: A multi method study of bank employees in Turkey. Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 35 (2), 1-21.
Beal, D. J., Cohen, R. R., Burke, M. J. and McLendon, C. L. (2003). Cohesion and performance in groups: a meta-analytic clarification of construct relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 989–1004.
Bernardon, S., Babb, K. A. Hakim-Larson, J., & Gragg, M. (2011). Loneliness, attachment, and the perception and use of social support in university students. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 43, 40–51.
Caplan, G. 1974. Support systems and community mental health. New York:
Behavioral Publications.
Campion, M. A., Medsker, G. J., & Higgs, A. C. (1993). Relations between work group characteristics and effectiveness: Implications for designing effective work groups. Personnel Psychology, 46, 823-825.
Campion, M. A., Papper, E. M., & Medsker, G. J. (1996). Relations between work team characteristics and effectiveness: A replication and extension. Personnel Psychology, 49, 429-452.
Carless, S. A., & De Paola, C. (2000). The measurement of cohesion in work teams. Small Group Research, 13, 71–88.
Carron, A. V. (1982). Cohesiveness in sport groups: Implication and considerations. Journal of Sport Psychology, 4, 123-138.
Cartwright, D. (1968). The nature of group cohesiveness. In Cartwright, D. and Zander, A. (eds), Group Dynamics: Research and Theory, 3rd edn. New York: Harper & Row, 91–109.
Chen, C. H., Tang, Y. Y., & Wang, S. J. (2009). Interdependence and organizational citizenship behavior: Exploring the mediating effect of group cohesion in multilevel analysis. The Journal of Psychology, 143 (6), 625-640.
Chiaburu, D. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2008). Do peers make the place? Conceptual synthesis and meta-analysis of coworker effects on perceptions, attitudes, OCBs, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1082-1103.
Chiaburu, D. S., Dam, K. V., & Hutchins, H. M. (2010). Social support in the workplace and training transfer: A longitudinal analysis. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 18 (2).
Chien, M. S., & Lin, C. C. (2013). Psychological contract framework on the linkage between developmental human resource configuration and role behavior. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24 (1), 1-14.
Chiocchio, F. and Essiembre, H. (2007). An exploratory meta-analysis of cohesion and performance in project teams. Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference, New York, NY.
Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as moderator of life stress. Psychology Medicine, 38, 300-314.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support and the buffering hypothesis.
Psychological Bulletin, 98 (2), 310-357.
Cohen, S. G., Ledford, G. E., & Spreitzer, G. M. (1996). A predictive model of self-managing work team effectiveness. Human Relations, 49 (5), 643-676.
Collins, A. M., Hislop, D., & Cartwright, S. (2016). Social support in the workplace between teleworkers, office-based colleagues and supervisors. New Technology, Work and Employment 31 (2).
Curral1, L., Leitãoa, P., Gomesa, C., Quinteiroc, P. M., & Lindd, P. (2017). How complexity leadership and cohesion influence team effectiveness. Revista Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho, 17 (4), 243-251.
Davoudi, S. M. (2012). Organizational commitment and extra-role behavior: A survey in Iran’s insurance industry. Journal of Business Systems, Government and Ethics, 7 (1).
Deelstra, J., Peeters, M., Schaufeli, W., Stroebe, W., Zijlstra, F., & Doornen, L. (2003). Receiving instrumental support at work: When help is not welcome. Journal of Applied Psychology.
Ducharme, L., & Martin, J. (2000). Unrewarding work, coworker support, and job satisfaction: A test of the buffering hypothesis. Work and Occupations, 27, 223-243.
Eisenberger, R., Singlhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 565–573.
Ellinger, A. D., Ellinger, A. E., & Keller, S. B. (2003). Supervisory coaching behavior, employee satisfaction, and warehouse employee performance: A dyadic perspective in the distribution industry. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14, 435-458.
Evans, C. R., & Dion K. L. (1991). Group cohesion and performance: A meta-analysis. Small Group Research, 22 (2), 203-216.
Festinger, L. (1950). Informal social communication. Psychological Review,
57, 271–282.
George, J. M., & Bettenhausen, K. (1990). Understanding prosocial behavior, sales performance, and turnover: A group-level analysis in a service context. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75 (6), 698–709.
Greer, L.L. (2012). Group Cohesion: Then and now. Small Group Research, 43 (6), 655-661.
Gross, N., & Martin, W. E. (1952). On group cohesiveness. American Journal of Sociology, 42, 546–554.
Gully, S. M., Devine, D. S., & Whitney, D. J. (1995). A meta-analysis of cohesion and performance: Effects of level of analysis and task interdependence. Small Group Research, 26 (4), 497–520.
Hamama, L. (2012). Burnout in social workers treating children as related to demographic characteristics, work Environment and social support.
House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.
Ho, V. T., & Gupta, N. (2014). Retaliating against customer interpersonal injustice in a Singaporean context: Moderating roles of self-efficacy and social support. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 63 (3), 383-410.
Huang, J. T., & Hsieh, H. H. (2015). Supervisors as good coaches: Influences of coaching on employees’ in-role behaviors and proactive career behaviors. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26 (1), 42-58.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2017). Spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Exploring the conditional effects on self-determination and confucian mindset. International Journal of Business and Society, 18 (3), 485-502.
Ismail, A., Suhaimi, F.F., & Bakar, R. A., Alam, S. S. (2013). Job stress with supervisor’s social support as a determinant of work intrusion on family conflict. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 6 (4): 1188-1209.
Janssen, O., & Huang, X. (2008). Us and me: team identification and individual differentiation as complementary drivers of team members’ citizenship and creative behaviors. Journal of Management, 34, 69–88.
Joo, B., Song, J. H., Lim, D. H., & Yoon, S. W. (2012). Team creativity: The effects of perceived learning culture, developmental feedback and team cohesion. International Journal of Training and Development 16 (2).
Jungert, T., Broeck, A. V., Schreurs, B., & Osterman, U. (2017). How colleagues can support each other’s needs and motivation: An intervention on employee work motivation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 67 (1), 3-29.
Kanouse. D. N., & Warihay, P. I. (1980). A new look at employee orientation. Training
and Development Journal, 34 (7), 34.
Kristof-Brown, A. L., Seong, J. Y., Degeest, D. S., Park, W. W., & Hong, D. S. (2014). Collective fit perceptions: A multilevel investigation of person-group fit with individual-level and team-level outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, J. Organiz. Behav 35, 969-989.
Leana, C. R. (1985). A partial test of Janis' Groupthink Model: Effects of group cohesiveness and leader behavior on defective decision making, Journal of Management, 11 (1), 5­17.
Lee, Y.D., Lin, C.C., Chen, M. T., & Huang, C. F. (2017). The impact of social support on job performance: the empirical study of mediating and moderating role of related variables. International Journal of Organization Innovation, 10 (1).
Liu, X., & Batt, R. (2010). How supervisors influence performance: A multilevel study of coaching and group management in technology-mediated services. Personnel Psychology, 63, 265–298.
Mach’, M., Dolan’, S., & Tzafrir, S. (2010). The differential effect of team members’ trust on team performance: The mediation role of team cohesion. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 771-794.
Massenberg, A. C., Spurk, D. & Kauffeld, S. (2015). Social support at workplace, motivation to transfer and training transfer: A multilevel indirect effects model. International Journal of Training and Development 19 (3).
McGrath, J. E. (1964). Social Psychology: A brief introduction. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
McGrath, J. (1984). Groups: Interaction and performance. Englewood Cliffs, Nj: Prentice-Hall.
McLeod, J., & Treuer, K. V. (2013). Towards a cohesive theory of cohesion. International Journal of Business and Social Research (IJBSR), 3 (12).
Moynihan, D. P. & Pandey S. K. (2008). The ties that bind: social networks, person-organization value fit, and turnover intention. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18 (2), 205-227.
Mullen, B. and Copper, C. (1994). The relation between group cohesiveness and performance: an integration. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 210–227.
Nibler, N., & Harris, K. (2003). The effects of culture and cohesiveness on intragroup conflict and effectiveness. The Journal of Social Psychology, 143 (5), 613-631.
Notgrass, D., Conner, C. & Bell, T. J. III (2013). Leading external auditing teams: The correlation between leaders’ behaviors and team dynamics of cohesion and conflict. International Journal of Business and Public Administration, 10 (2).
Pandey, A., Schulz, E. R. & Camp, R. R. (2018). The impact of supervisory support for high-performance human resource practices on employee in-role, extra-role and counterproductive practices. Journal of Managerial Issues.
Piercy, N. F., Cranvens, D. W., Lane, N. & Vorhies, D. W. (2006). Driving organizational citizenship behaviors and salesperson in-role behavior performance: The role of management control and perceived organizational support. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 34 (2), 244-262.
Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on performance: A review and suggestions for further research. Human Performance, 10 (2), 133–151.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future study. Journal of Management, 26 (3), 513–563.
Randhawa, G., & Kaur, K. (2015). An empirical assessment of impact of organizational climate on organizational citizenship behavior. Paradigm 19 (1), 65-78.
Rousseau, V., & Aube, C. (2010). Social support at work and affective commitment to the organization: The moderating effect of job resource adequacy and ambient conditions. The Journal of Social Psychology, 150(4), 321-340.
Seashore, S. (1954). Group cohesiveness in the industrial work group. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research.
Sharma, S., & Parma, J. S. (2015). Social support and its relationship to work-life balance- a study of medical professionals in government hospitals of himachal pradesh. Productivity 56 (1).
Shaw, J. B., & Power, B. E. (1998). The effect of diversity on small work group processes and performance. Human Relations, 51 (10), 1307-1325.
Sias, P. M. (2009). Organizing relationships: Traditional and emerging perspectives on Workplace relationships, Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Siu, O. L., Lu, C. Q., & Spector, P. E. (2013). Direct and indirect relationship between social stressors and job performance in Greater China: The role of strain and social support. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22 (5), 520-531.
Srikanth, P. B., & Jomon, M. G. (2013). “Is this my job at all?” The impact of flexible role orientation in predicting extra-role behavior. Southern Business Review.
Srimannarayana, M. (2016). Designing new employee orientation programs an empirical study. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 51 (4), 620-632.
Stephen, S. (2017). Tips for reducing your new employee turnover rate. Rural Cooperatives, 84 (2), 17-19.
Stibitz, S. (2015). How to get a new employee up to speed. Harvard Business Review, 2-5.
Tauber, M. S. (1981). New employee orientation: A comprehensive systems approach,
The Personnel Administrator, 26 (1), 65.
Thoits, P. A. (1986). Social Support as an Assistance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54 (4), 416-423.
Tziner, & Vardi (1983). Ability as a moderator between cohesiveness and tank crews performance. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, (4), 137-143.
Van, D. L., Graham, J. W., Dienesch, R. M. (1994). Organizational citizenship behavior: Construct redefinition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 37 (4), 765-802.
Westwood, R. & Johnson, L. (2008). New employee orientation. Train The Trainer, 3, Alexandria, VA: ASTD.
Widmeyer, W. N., & Williams, J. M. (1991). Predicting cohesion in a co-acting sport. Small Group Res, 22 (4), 548–570.
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behavior. Journal of Management, 17 (3), 601–617.
Woerkom & Sanders (2010). The romance of learning from disagreement. The effect of cohesiveness and disagreement on knowledge sharing behavior and individual performance within teams. Journal of Business & Psychology, 25, 139-149.
Wolfe, J., & Box, T. M. (1988). Team cohesion effects on business game performance. Simulation and Games, 19, 82–98.
Yen, Y. S. (2016). Perceived social support moderates the relationships between variables in the social cognition model. Behaviour & Information Techonology, 35 (6), 479-489.
Zaccaro, S. J. (1991). Nonequivalent associations between forms of cohesiveness and group-related outcomes: Evidence for multidimensionality. Journal of Social Psychology, 131, 387–400.
Zaccaro, S. J., Gualtieri, J., & Minionis, D. (1995). Task cohesion as a facilitator of team decision making under temporal urgency. Military Psychology, 7, 77–93.
Zaichkowsky JL (1985) Measuring the involvement construct. J Consum Res 12:341-352
Zaccaro, S. J., & Lowe, C. A. (1988). Cohesiveness and performance on an additive task: Evidence for multidimensionality. Journal of Social Psychology, 128, 547–558.
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code