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博碩士論文 etd-0522115-103927 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0522115-103927
論文名稱
Title
直接觀察鈣鈦礦太陽能材料的介面電子結構
Direct mapping of the interfacial electronic structure across perovskite-based solar cells
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
59
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2015-03-27
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2015-06-26
關鍵字
Keywords
鈣鈦礦太陽能電池、光的吸收層、高效率、掃描穿隧能譜、掃描穿隧式顯微鏡、電子結構、能帶圖
Light harvester, Perovskite-based solar cell, Electronic structure, High efficiency, Band alignment, Scanning tunneling microscopy, Scanning tunneling spectroscopy
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5653 次,被下載 483
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5653 times, has been downloaded 483 times.
中文摘要
近年來,鈣鈦礦太陽能電池是薄膜光伏技術中最有前途的選擇之一,鈣鈦礦材料的直接能隙、較大的吸收效率與較高載子遷移率使它常被用來當作光的吸收層。因此,鈣鈦礦太陽能電池迅速提高效率的發展,甚至至今已高達19.3%。然而,根據Y. Yang的研究團團隊的報告,鈣鈦礦材料經由熱退火後在顆粒邊界形成碘化鉛使得效率受到直接性的影響。為了瞭解介面電子結構的變化對載子傳輸機制的影響,我們選用掃描穿隧式顯微鏡作為量測儀器。在本次研究工作中,利用掃描穿隧式顯微鏡與掃描穿隧能譜針對二氧化鈦與鈣鈦礦材料的異質介面的電子結構做直接性的量測。實驗結果顯示照光與沒有照光下鈣鈦礦/二氧化鈦的界面電子結構,並說明照光下的載子傳輸機制。
Abstract
Recently, perovskite-based solar cell are one of the most promising candidates among thin film photovoltaic techniques. The direct band gap, large absorption coefficient, and high carrier mobility of perovskites render them very attractive for use as light harvesters. Therefore, the perovskite-based solar cells rapidly improve the efficiency of development and even as high as 19.3%. However, according to Y. Yang’s research group studies, PbI2 phase is presented in perovskite grain boundaries after annealing which has been direct impact on efficiency. In order to understand the impact of changes in the electronic structure of the interface carrier transport mechanism, we choose STM as measuring instruments. In this work, the electronic structure across the hetero-interface of FTO/TiO2/perovskite has been directly investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). The experimental results show the cross-sectional electronic structure across the interface of perovskite/TiO2 interface with/without illumination and gives the explanations of carrier transports mechanism under illumination.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書…………………….……………………...……………………i
摘要…………………….……………………...…………………...……...ii
Abstract……………….…………………...……...…………….………..iii
目錄……………………….………………...……………………………..iv
圖目錄…………………….………...…………………………………….vii
第一章 緒論………………….…………...….…………………………….1
1-1太陽能電池 (Solar cell )……………………………...……..……1
1-1-1太陽能電池介紹……………………...........…………..…...1
1-1-2光伏特效應 (Photovoltaic effect)…..........…………….....1
1-2鈣鈦礦太陽能電池 (Perovskite-based solar cell)....................2
1-2-1鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的發展..............................................2
1-2-2鈣鈦礦材料的介紹………….…………............................2
1-2-3鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的優勢與困境………..........................3
1-2-4鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的結構與載子傳輸行為.......................3
第二章 研究動機…………………………….……………………….........5
第三章 實驗原理…………………………….……………………….........6
3-1量子穿隧效 (Quantum Tunneling Effect).…………………...….6
3-2穿隧電流 (Tunneling Current)…..…..……………………….......7
3-3 區域能態密度(Local Density of State,LDOS).……………….9
3-4掃描穿隧能譜(Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy,STS)........9
3-5掃描模式……………………………………………..….………...10
3-5-1定電流模式 (Constant Current Mode)………....……..…..11
3-5-2定高度模式 (Constant Height Mode)....………………..…11
3-5-3電流影像穿隧能譜 (Current Image Tunneling
Spectroscopy,CITS)……….…………………………………...12
3-6金屬探針引致的能帶彎曲現象...…………...……………………13
第四章 實驗儀器..........................................................................16
4-1掃描穿隧式顯微鏡 (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy,STM)..16
4-2掃描穿隧式顯微鏡系統…………………………………...………17
4-2-1掃描器(Scanner)...………………………………….....……17
4-2-2步進器(Stepper)……………………………………..……....18
4-2-3金屬探針…………………………………………………......18
4-2-4避震系統……………………………………………....……..21
4-3超高真空系統………………………………………………...……21
4-3-1真空幫浦…………………………………………………......21
4-3-2烘烤腔體…………………………………………………......24
4-3-3釋氣(Outgas)..............................................................25
4-3-4真空計………………………………………………….........25
第五章 實驗結果………………………………………………………......28
5-1樣品資訊與實驗方式……………………………………………...28
5-2實驗結果與討論…..………………………………………….…...30
5-2-1 形貌與電性分析討論……………………....…………….…30
5-2-2 兩相鄰的鈣鈦礦顆粒的介面能帶結構與討論………….....34
5-2-3 鈣鈦礦顆粒與二氧化鈦界面的能帶結構與討論……….....36
5-2-4 照光下鈣鈦礦顆粒與二氧化鈦界面的能帶結構與討論.....38
第六章 結論……………………………………………………………......44
參考文獻.....................................................................................45
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