本研究係以數值模擬，探討離岸堤背後灘線的長期變遷。由相關的波、流場及地形變遷之數值模式，在不同波浪條件及離岸堤設置下，分別計算離岸堤背後之波、流場特性及平衡灘線變遷情形。本報告討論不同之深海波向角、波浪週期、深海波高、離岸堤長度、離岸距離及離岸堤群開口寛度等因素，對離岸堤背後之波、流場及灘線長期變遷之基本特性之影響。
計算結果顯示，在深海波向角0~45度、深海波高0.5~1.5公尺及離岸堤長度60~120公尺時，當波向角、波高或堤長增加時，離岸堤背後灘線之向海側最大淤積距離及向陸側最大侵蝕距離皆隨之增加。而在斜向波浪作用下，平衡灘線的不對稱形狀，隨深海波向角度的增加，到&#36921;平衡之時間隨之變長；沙舌頂點位置亦逐漸往下游偏移。在測試的波浪週期(7~10秒)內，波浪週期增加，堤後灘線向海側最大淤積距離及向陸側最大侵蝕距離反而稍微減小；但波浪週期僅影響灘線達到穩定時間的快慢，並不會明顯地影響海岸線達到靜態平衡之形狀。又由計算不同離岸距離之結果發現，當1.0 < S/B < 2.0時，堤後僅能形成沙舌，無法形成繫岸沙洲；當S/B小於等於0.8時，堤後灘線淤積到&#36921;離岸堤，形成繫岸沙洲。
最後，本研究以數值模式所預測之離岸堤背後灘線結果，與水工模型試驗、拋物線型靜態岬灣經驗式、GENESIS模式及LITPACK模式比較，驗證結果頗為良好。建議在一般離岸堤設計上，採用傳送係數K1=0.60及K2=0.60為初始值進行模擬與預測。

In this thesis, a numerical simulation model is applied to investigate the long-term shoreline changes behind detached breakwaters. The model includes three components, namely a wave model, a current model, and a shoreline change model. In the numerical simulations, various combinations of wave conditions and the placement of detached breakwater are chosen to explore the effect of detached breakwaters on the shoreline change.
The results of calculation show that with incident wave angles within 0~45, wave height in the range of 0.5~1.5m, or the offshore distance to the detached breakwaters being 60~120m, the larger in any one of these three parameters is, the bigger the erosion distance onshore from the original shoreline and the extent of salient offshore are behind detached breakwaters. When incident angle of the wave increases, shoreline plan form becomes skewed, and the time required to arrive at equilibrium also increases, in addition to the position of the top of salient moves downcoast. Within the wave periods of 7~10 seconds tested, waves with large period are found to show slight decrease of the erosion distance onshore and the extent of salient offshore behind detached breakwaters. The plan form of the salient is not affected by wave period. However, the larger the wave period is, the sooner the long-tern shoreline will result. Moreover, for a detached breakwater constructed in the range of offshore distances within 1.0＜S/B＜2.0, variable offshore distances do not produce much difference in the erosion distance onshore and the extent of salient offshore behind detached breakwaters, and salient only will form. In the case of the S/B =< 0.8, a tombolo will result.
Finally, the results of shoreline plan form from the numerical modeling are verified by the empirical parabolic bay shape equation of Hsu and Evans (1989), a small-scale hydraulic model, and two numerical models based on GENESIS and LITPACK. Overall, the result are in good agreement with these four different approaches, and therefore, the present model is suitable for practical engineering applications.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 海岸變遷之研究 3
1.4 文獻回顧 6
1.5 本文組織 10
第二章 海岸線變遷數值模式 11
2.1 波場數值模式 12
2.1.1 基本控制方程式 13
2.1.2 碎波控制指標 14
2.1.3 邊界條件 15
2.2 流場數值模式 17
2.2.1 基本控制方程式 17
2.2.2 邊界條件 18
2.3漂沙量估算 19
2.4灘線變遷計算模式 24
2.4.1 單線模式 24
2.4.2 灘線長期變遷計算 26
2.5 模式計算流程 30
第三章 長期灘線計算結果與分析 34
3.1 計算條件 34
3.2傳送係數K1及K2之影響 36
3.3 單離岸堤背後之波、流場及長期灘線變遷計算結果 41
3.3.1 深海波向角之影響 41
3.3.2 波浪週期之影響 47
3.3.3 深海波高之影響 52
3.3.4 離岸堤長度之影響 57
3.3.5 離岸堤離岸距離之影響 61
3.4離岸堤群開口&#23515;度之影響 66
3.5 綜合討論 71
第四章 模式驗證 72
4.1 波流場模式之驗證 72
4.2 靜態岬灣經驗式 75
4.2.1 靜態平衡岬灣經驗式 75
4.2.2 沙舌形狀之經驗公式 77
4.2.3 MEPBAY軟體介紹 80
4.2.4 灘線模擬結果與&#25243;物線型岬灣經驗式之比較 83
4.3 模擬驗證水工模型試驗 86
4.4 與GENESIS模式比較 91
4.4.1 GENESIS模式簡介 91
4.4.2 模擬單離岸堤背後灘線與GENESIS模式之比較 93
4.4.3 模擬離岸堤群背後灘線與GENESIS模式之比較 93
4.5 與LITPACK模式比較 97
4.5.1 LITPACK模式簡介 97
4.5.2 模擬單離岸堤背後灘線與LITPACK模式之比較 98
4.5.3 模擬離岸堤群背後灘線與LITPACK模式之比較 98
4.6 傳送係數K1及K2之初始設定 101
第五章 結論與建議 104
5.1 結論 104
5.2 建議 106
參考文獻 107
附錄A 數值模式之計算機環境及執行運算時間 114
附錄B GENESIS系統輸入資料簡介 115
附錄C LITPACK系統模組簡介 126
附錄D 波、流場及灘線數值模擬輸入資料樣本 131

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