鈣鈦礦太陽能電池自2009年發展至今，效能快速提升，達到至少17.9%的轉換效率，因其製作簡單能降低成本，可望成為取代矽太陽能電池的新穎材料。多晶太陽能電池晶界的能帶彎曲特性對於光生載子的分離非常重要，能提升太陽能電池的效能，而鈣鈦礦鄰近晶界的能帶結構未有直接觀測的研究說明。利用掃描穿隧顯微鏡，可以同時量測到樣品形貌的高度及其所對應的電子特性，具有空間解析度而能針對鈣鈦礦晶粒內部與邊界進行能帶分析。本研究工作觀察到形貌多晶的現象與鄰近晶界的能帶彎曲現象，並對鄰近晶界的載子遷移作出解釋。

Perovskite solar cells have rapidly emerged since 2009, with their energy conversion efficiencies boosting over 17.9%. It is possible to replace silicon solar cells with perovskite ones due to their simple device architectures and low cost. The band bending near the grain boundaries (GBs) of polycrystalline (PX) solar cells plays an important role in seperating of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which can enhance the performance while it has not been investigated. The STM is used for obtaining the topography images and the corresponding local electronic properties, as well as the band structure of grain interiors and grain boundaries. In this work, we found the polycrystalline surface and band bending near GBs; besides, we explained the diffusion of the carriers as well.

致謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 太陽能電池簡介 1
1-2 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池簡介 2
1-2-1 鈣鈦礦材料簡介 2
1-2-2 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的發展 3
1-2-3 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的優勢 5
第二章 研究動機 6
第三章 實驗儀器與原理 7
3-1 掃描穿隧顯微鏡(Scanning Tunneling Microscope, STM) 7
3-2 量子穿隧效應(Quantum Tunneling Effect) 8
3-3 掃描穿隧顯微鏡中的穿隧電流(Tunneling Current) 10
3-4 掃描模式 12
3-4-1 定電流模式(Constant Current Mode) 13
3-4-2 定高度模式(Constant Height Mode) 14
3-4-3 電流影像穿隧能譜(Current Image Tunneling Spectroscopy, CITS) 15
3-5 掃描穿隧能譜(Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy, STS) 16
3-6 掃描穿隧顯微鏡掃描系統 17
3-6-1 掃描器(Scanner) 17
3-6-2 步進器(Stepper) 18
3-6-3 金屬探針(Tip) 18
3-6-4 避震系統 20
3-7 超高真空系統 21
第四章 實驗結果與討論 28
4-1 樣品資訊 28
4-2 實驗結果與討論 30
4-2-1 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池形貌分析 30
4-2-2 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池電性曲線分析 32
4-2-3 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池鄰近晶界能帶分析 36
4-2-4 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池鄰近晶界的空乏區(depletion region) 41
第五章 結論 42
參考文獻 43

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