加拿大籍作家拉維‧哈吉出身黎巴嫩，歷經國家內戰，移居他鄉，他以個人的生存經驗為題材，書寫小說《蟑螂》。作者藉由暗喻人類如同蟑螂般無認同的生存方式，想像某種即將到來的俗世生活。作者刻畫了一座充滿寓意的地下國度「蒙特婁」，訴說著離散族群的經驗、記憶、幻覺和幻想。問題重重的現實世界和生活是他們的日常課題。本論文旨在探討小說中蒙特婁多元文化社會的暴力和認同衝突，點出人類主體，特別關注中東離散族群，受到現代性的衝擊，呈現裸命般的存在。論文涉及的議題包含加拿大和中東的文化、社會、政治，並聚焦大都會的人類生存狀態。本人援引紀傑克(Slavoj Žižek)對暴力的見解，耙梳欲望和現實之間的關係。小說中呈現生存必須受制於他者/人，生活即是暴力。我參照霍爾(Stuart Hall)就認同再現和主體位置間的互動主張，試圖討論小說中關於加拿大族裔和多元文化下的離散族群之個人和文化認同。個人進一步借用班雅明(Walter Benjamin)對現代性的思考，兼採阿岡本(Giorgio Agamben)思想中裸命的看法，認為縱情聲色的中產階級和在底層生活的離散弱勢族群都具有相同的生物性本質。本文檢視擁有現代都市生活經驗的邊緣中東族裔所需面對社會、政治和文化上的兩難，並質疑西方文化中，主張人類生活形態和本質分離的立場。總而言之，二十世紀晚期人類主體處於人性和動物性兼併的現代生活形態。

As a Lebanese Canadian writer, Rawi Hage weaves his experience of Lebanese civil war and life in Canada into the story of Cockroach where the allegorical world of the underground is occupied with the diaspora who lead a life struggling with experience, memory, illusion and fantasy of displacement and survival in the metropolis Montreal. By implicating a non-identity human life as the cockroach, Hage envisions the coming of a secular human life. The problematic social reality and human existence as the cockroach are at the heart of these people’s daily life. This thesis is to explore violence and identity conflict in Montreal, the Western multicultural society, so as to mark human subjects, particularly the Middle Eastern diaspora, as bare life in modernity. Issues concerning cultures, societies and politics in Canada and Middle East will be discussed as well as the metropolitan individuals’ survival. I borrow Slavoj Žižek’s notion of violence to scrutinize the relationship between desire and the social reality, where life is constrained by the O/other and means violence itself. I attempt to discuss the diaspora’s self and cultural identities with reference to Canadian ethnicity and multiculturalism, which is the play of positioning and representation proposed by Stuart Hall. With my employment of Benjamin’s society in modernity and Giorgio Agamben’s bare life, I recognize that bourgeois individuals identified with the sensuous life possess the same biological essence as working-class diaspora minorities. By examining marginalized Middle Eastern ethnical groups’ social, political and cultural dilemmas related to metropolitan life, this thesis questions Western cultural ground on which human life is separated into form and content. Human subjects in modernity are at the intersection of the man and the animal in the late 20th century.

論文審定書............................................................................... i
Acknowledgements...................................................................ii
摘要…………………………………………………………..……........iii
Abstract..................................................................................iv
Introduction..............................................................................1
Chapter One: Violence as the Other..........................................21
Chapter Two: Self and Cultural Identities....................................43
Chapter Three: Bare Life in Modernity........................................61
Conclusion..............................................................................87
Works Cited............................................................................91

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