校園污水含有大量的BOD與營養鹽，而一般二級處理對於BOD的移除效果較好，營養鹽則仍然存留下來，這將會造成水體的優養化。近幾年來利用人工溼地去除營養鹽相當受到歡迎，其中由於垂直流人工溼地對於氮的轉換具有不錯的能力，因此本研究將選用垂直流式進行探究。
本研究的目的為利用天然濾料垂直流人工溼地系統之概念，移除校園污水廠二級放流水之殘餘營養鹽，以及探討氮循環的機制。在本研究中將使用六支不同尺寸之管柱為溼地反應槽，其內所填充的濾料分別為廢棄混凝土塊、牡蠣殼、9mm大理石、3mm大理石、1.5mm大理石及0.5mm河砂；而操作方式為滿管批次、滿管連續流與滴濾連續流等三種，以探討各種特性組合之處理機制，並找尋脫硝作用之碳氮比。研究結果發現使用批次操作方式中，係以河砂濾床對於氨氮移除效果最好(46.6%)；若使用滿管連續流方式操作時，又以廢棄混凝土塊濾床效果最好(42.8%)；若使用滴濾連續流方式操作，則以3mm 大理石濾床對於氨氮移除率最佳(91.1%)。至於水生植物的種植對於氨氮移除的影響，研究結果發現在小粒徑管柱較為明顯，而廢棄混凝土塊與牡蠣殼濾床脫硝效率最好的碳氮比亦發現分別是3.5與3。

The main contents of campus sewage are BOD and inorganic nutrients. Conventional secondary treatment processes can remove BOD efficiently, whereas the inorganic nutrients remain mostly left. Therefore, the effluents may cause eutrophication to the receiving water bodies. Using constructed wetland treatment system to reduce nutrients become more and more popular recently. Vertical flow type subsurface process is particularly efficient in nitrogen transformations.
In this research we studied the nitrogen transformation dynamics by using different types vertical flow constructed wetland system with various natural materials as the media to treat the secondary effluents from a campus sewage treatment plant. Six self designed experiment columns with broken concrete blocks, oyster shells, different sizes of marble granules, and river sands were used for this study as vertical flow constructed wetland systems. The methods of operation included batch type, continuous flow with filled water and trickling filter type, which were tested by controlling the influent flows into those six test columns. The efficiencies of various combinations in treatments and their mechanisms were discussed in the study. The experimental results showed that the best ammonium nitrogen removal efficiency was measured equal to 46.6% in batch type operations, while the continuous flow with filled water type operation showed the best performance by using concrete blocks as the media (42.8%). However, the best ammonium nitrogen removal rate in the trickling operation was found in the column with media of 3 mm marble granules (91.1%). The medium of river sand obtained the best phosphorous removal rate by using a batch flow operation. Vegetating presented only minor contributions in the column with medium of smaller grain size materials. The optimum C/N ratios for denitification tests are 3.5 and 3 by using the media of concrete and oyster, respectively.

摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 前言 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目標 3
第2章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 生態工程之介紹 4
2.2 濕地的定義 5
2.3 溼地的分類 10
2.3.1 感潮性鹹水溼地 10
2.3.2 感潮半鹹水溼地 10
2.3.3 紅樹林溼地 10
2.3.4 淡水沼澤 11
2.3.5 泥碳地 11
2.3.6 深水林澤 11
2.3.7 河口林化溼地 11
2.4 溼地的功能 12
2.5 人工溼地介紹 13
2.5.1 地表流式人工溼地 13
2.5.2 地下流式人工溼地 15
2.5.3 垂直流式人工溼地 17
2.5.4 複合垂直流人工溼地 18
2.6 人工溼地水質淨化機制 19
2.6.1 懸浮顆粒(Suspended solids) 19
2.6.2 有機物(Organic matter) 20
2.6.3 氮(Nitrogen) 20
2.6.4 磷(Phosphorus) 26
2.6.5 病原體(Pathogens) 26
2.6.6 微量金屬(Trace metals) 26
2.7 人工溼地案例 29
2.7.1 垂直流人工溼地案例 29
2.7.2 國內人工濕地之案例 32
第3章 垂直流人工溼地之實驗設計與結果討論 36
3.1 垂直流人工溼地設計 36
3.1.1 系統配置 36
3.1.2 濾料與管柱特性 37
3.1.3 植物種類 40
3.1.4 碳源選擇 41
3.2 背景資料與氣候分析 42
3.3 採樣與分析方法 44
3.4 操作與結果分析 46
3.4.1 第一階段實驗 51
3.4.2 第二階段實驗 54
3.4.3 第三階段實驗 61
3.4.4 第四階段實驗 64
3.4.5 第五階段實驗 67
3.4.6 第六階段實驗 71
3.4.7 第七階段實驗 74
3.5 操作方式與營養鹽移除之關係 77
3.6 濾料粒徑與營養鹽移除之關係 80
3.7 植物種植與營養鹽移除之關係 81
3.8 脫硝作用與碳氮比之關係 83
3.9 硝化作用與pH值之關係 86
3.10 COD與TOC之關係 88
3.11 質量平衡 92
3.12 單位時間體積之營養鹽移除比較 97
3.13 成本估算 102
第4章 結論與建議 105
參考文獻 108
附錄 114

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