本論文針對適用於無線區域網路之印刷式單極天線提出創新設計，在研究中主要包含分集式天線設計、單極陣列天線設計以及寬頻天線設計等三種不同的結構。這些結構皆為印刷式天線設計，使用印刷式電路技術將天線印製於印刷電路板上，因此除了可與系統電路一體成形以降低製作成本之外，並可有效提昇系統電路板可靠度。在分集式的天線設計中，分別提出在單頻或雙頻操作之印刷式分集天線設計，藉由兩互相垂直擺置之單極天線以及配合T形接地面的設計，可有效提高無線區域網路卡上分集天線兩饋入埠之間的隔離度，並具有良好的空間分集特性。在單極陣列天線的設計中，設計了三個採用正三角形頂端負載的單極天線，中間較大的單極天線操作於較低頻帶，而較小的兩個單極天線則形成陣列天線架構，操作於較高頻段且具有高的天線增益，可增加手持式通訊裝置的無線收發距離。在最後兩個天線設計中引入了近似自我互補結構寬頻天線設計，由於具有小的天線面積，除了適合印刷整合於手持式或移動式裝置側板上之外，也可形成分集天線設計，安裝於無線區域網路卡上，以提昇室內使用時訊號接收之可靠度。

Novel printed monopole antennas, including diversity antennas, monopole array antennas and broadband antennas for WLAN operation, are experimentally studied and presented in this dissertation. These proposed antennas can be printed on dielectric substrates and practically integrated with system circuit boards by using printed circuit board technique. Also, the proposed antennas are low cost in fabrication and the reliability of system circuit boards can be improved. First, the design of the diversity antenna, which mainly comprises two substantially orthogonal printed monopoles and are placed symmetrically with respect to a protruded ground plane of T shape, shows good isolation between the two feeding ports of the proposed antenna. Second, the design of the printed array antenna, which comprises three equally-spaced equilateral-triangular monopoles, is proposed. Among the three monopoles, the center one has a larger size, which mainly controls the lower operation band, and the other two monopoles have a smaller size for higher operation band and show higher antenna gain and wider operating bandwidth. Finally, the quasi-self-complementary antenna is introduced. With compact size and wide bandwidth achieved, the proposed antenna is suitable for a mobile communication device, and can also provide good spatial diversity to combat the multi-path interference problem when mounting two proposed antennas appropriately spaced on a WLAN card.

文 字 目 錄
頁次
文字目錄 ..................................................................................................... i
圖形目錄 ................................................................................................... iv

第一章 序論 (Introduction) ..................................................................... 1
1.1 概述 ............................................................................................. 1
1.2 文獻導覽 ..................................................................................... 2
1.3 內容提要 ..................................................................................... 3

第二章 應用於無線區域網路印刷式分集單極天線設計
(Printed Diversity Monopole Antenna for WLAN Operation)........................... 6
2.1 天線設計 ......................................................................................................... 7
2.2 實驗與模擬結果 ............................................................................................. 8
2.3 分析與討論 ................................................................................................... 17

第三章 應用於無線區域網路2.4/5.2 GHz印刷式分集雙頻單極天線設計
(Printed Diversity Dual-Band Monopole Antenna for WLAN Operation in
the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz Bands).............................................................................. 19
3.1 天線設計 ....................................................................................................... 20
3.2 實驗與模擬結果 ........................................................................................... 22
3.3 分析與討論 ................................................................................................... 33

第四章 應用於無線區域網路2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz印刷式單極陣列天線設計
(Printed Monopole Array Antenna for WLAN Operation in the 2.4/5.2/5.8
GHz Bands)..................................................................................................... 36
4.1 天線設計 ....................................................................................................... 37
4.2 實驗與模擬結果 ........................................................................................... 38
4.3 分析與討論 ................................................................................................... 46

第五章 應用於無線區域網路5.2/5.8 GHz印刷式寬頻天線設計
(Broadband Printed Quasi-Self-Complementary Antenna for 5.2/5.8 GHz
WLAN Operation)............................................................................................ 48
5.1 天線設計 ....................................................................................................... 50
5.2 實驗與模擬結果 ........................................................................................... 51
5.3 分析與討論 ................................................................................................... 56

第六章 印刷式分集超寬頻天線設計
(Printed Ultra-Wideband Diversity Monopole Antenna)……………...... 58
6.1 天線設計 ....................................................................................................... 60
6.2 實驗與模擬結果 ........................................................................................... 61
6.3 分析與討論 ................................................................................................... 67

第七章 結論 (Conclusions) ......................................................................................... 69

參考文獻 (References) ................................................................................................. 74
附錄A 論文著作表 (Publication List) ........................................................................ 78
附錄B 論文提出之天線A4陳列 (Proposed Antennas A4 Demo) ....... 45


圖 形 目 錄
頁次
圖2.1 應用於無線區域網路印刷式分集單極天線之幾何結構圖 ……………...... 8
圖2.2 印刷式分集單極天線在水平金屬線L = 20 mm之反射係數(S11)及隔離度
(S21)量測結果 ....................……..…...………………...................................... 9
圖2.3 印刷式分集單極天線在水平金屬線長度L改變時，隔離度(S21)量測
結果 ………………………………………….……………........................... 10
圖2.4 印刷式分集單極天線在水平金屬線寬度w1改變時，隔離度(S21)量測
結果 ……………………………………………………….………............... 11
圖2.5 印刷式分集單極天線在垂直金屬線寬度w2改變時，隔離度(S21)量測
結果 …………………………………………………….………..…............. 11
圖2.6 (a) L = 0 mm 及 (b) L = 22 mm時印刷式分集單極天線之反射係數
(S11)及隔離度(S21)量測結果 ………………………………………………. 12
圖2.7 印刷式分集單極天線第一饋入埠操作在2450 MHz時之輻射場型量測
結果 …………………………………………………………........................ 14
圖2.8 印刷式分集單極天線第二饋入埠操作在2450 MHz時之輻射場型量測
結果 …………………………………………………………........................ 15
圖2.9 以Ansoft HFSS模擬而得之印刷式分集天線輻射場型圖 ……………...... 16
圖2.10 印刷式分集天線增益量測結果 .……………………………….................... 16
圖3.1 無線區域網路2.4/5.2 GHz印刷式分集雙頻單極天線之幾何結構圖 ........ 22
圖3.2 印刷式分集雙頻單極天線之反射係數(S11)及隔離度(S21)量測結果 …….. 23
圖3.3 印刷式分集雙頻單極天線於2.4 GHz操作下之電流模擬圖 …………….. 24
圖3.4 印刷式分集雙頻單極天線於5.2 GHz操作下之電流模擬圖 …………….. 24
圖3.5 印刷式分集雙頻單極天線之T形接地面第二水平金屬線長度L2變化
對操作頻帶內之最佳隔離度(S21)比較圖 ..................................................... 25
圖3.6 印刷式分集雙頻單極天線之T形接地面第二水平金屬線寬度w3變化
對操作頻帶內之最佳隔離度(S21)比較圖 ..................................................... 26
圖3.7 印刷式分集雙頻單極天線之T形接地面第二水平金屬線距接地面高度
h2變化對操作頻帶內之最佳隔離度(S21)比較圖 ……………...………….. 26
圖3.8 印刷式分集雙頻單極天線第一饋入埠在中心頻率為2450 MHz的輻射
場型圖 ............................................................................................................ 28
圖3.9 印刷式分集雙頻單極天線第二饋入埠在中心頻率為2450 MHz的輻射
場型圖 ............................................................................................................ 29
圖3.10 印刷式分集雙頻單極天線第一饋入埠在中心頻率為5250 MHz的輻射
場型圖 ............................................................................................................ 30
圖3.11 印刷式分集雙頻單極天線第二饋入埠在中心頻率為5250 MHz的輻射
場型圖 ............................................................................................................ 31
圖3.12 印刷式分集雙頻單極天線於2.4 GHz頻帶內所量測得到的天線最大增
益變化圖 ........................................................................................................ 32
圖3.13 印刷式分集雙頻單極天線於5.2 GHz頻帶內所量測得到的天線最大增
益變化圖 ........................................................................................................ 33
圖4.1 無線區域網路2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz印刷式單極陣列天線幾何結構圖 .............. 37
圖4.2 印刷式單極陣列天線返回損失量測與模擬結果 ......................................... 39
圖4.3 印刷式單極陣列天線之陣列間距對於2.4/5.2/5.8三個頻帶內之天線增
益模擬結果 …...……………….....…………….....……………................... 40
圖4.4 使用一字形頂端負載之印刷式單極陣列天線返回損失量測與模擬結果 41
圖4.5 印刷式單極陣列天線在中心頻率為2442 MHz的輻射場型圖 ……….... 42
圖4.6 印刷式單極陣列天線操作於2.4 GHz時之立體輻射場型模擬圖 ……….. 43
圖4.7 印刷式單極陣列天線操作於2.4 GHz時之電流分佈模擬圖 …………..... 43
圖4.8 印刷式單極陣列天線在中心頻率為5200 MHz的輻射場型圖 .……..…... 44
圖4.9 印刷式單極陣列天線在中心頻率為5800 MHz的輻射場型圖 .……...…... 45
圖4.10 印刷式單極陣列天線操作於2.4/5.2/5.8 頻段之最大天線增益圖，圖(a)
低頻2.4 GHz頻帶之增益量測圖，圖(b)高頻5.2 GHz以及5.8 GHz頻
帶之增益量測圖 .…………………………………………………………... 46
圖5.1 互補天線結構示意圖，圖(a)具有一中心饋入之偶極天線，圖(b)具有
一中心饋入之槽孔天線 .………………………………………………...… 49
圖5.2 無線區域網路5.2/5.8 GHz印刷式近似自我互補天線幾何結構圖 ……... 51
圖5.3 印刷式近似自我互補性天線與傳統T形單極天線之阻抗返回損失量
測比較圖 .…………………...……………………………………………… 52
圖5.4 印刷式近似自我互補性天線與傳統T形單極天線之幾何結構比較圖 .… 53
圖5.5 印刷式近似自我互補性天線與傳統T形單極天線之電流模擬比較圖 .… 53
圖5.6 印刷式近似自我互補性天線之輻射場型量測圖，其中心頻率為5500
MHz …………………………………………………………………………. 55
圖5.7 印刷式近似自我互補性天線在5.2/5.8 GHz頻段最大天線增益量測圖 … 56
圖6.1 通訊系統頻寬及功率密度示意圖 ….…….……..……………………….… 59
圖6.2 印刷式分集寬頻天線之幾何結構圖；其中圖(a)為天線印刷於一通訊
產品的系統電路板上方正視圖；圖(b)為天線元件詳細尺寸 .………….… 61
圖6.3 印刷式分集寬頻天線設計之返回損失模擬與量測結果 .........................… 62
圖6.4 印刷式分集寬頻天線設計在隔離間距d3分別為1 mm, 3 mm及5 mm
時之返回損失量測結果 .…….…………….……………....…………….… 63
圖6.5 印刷式分集寬頻天線設計在隔離間距d3分別為1 mm, 3 mm及5 mm
時之隔離度量測結果 .……….…………….…………….……….…….… 64
圖6.6 印刷式分集寬頻天線設計之第一饋入埠輻射場型量測結果，其中心頻
率為5250 MHz .………………….…………….………..………………...… 65
圖6.7 印刷式分集寬頻天線設計之第二饋入埠輻射場型量測結果，其中心頻
率為5250 MHz .…………..………………….…………….……….…......… 66
圖6.8 印刷式分集寬頻天線增益量測結果 .………………….…….………......… 67

表 格 目 錄
頁次
表2.1 印刷式分集單極天線在不同T形接地面長度之阻抗頻寬與隔離度
變化 …………………………...……………………………………………. 13

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