近年來全球都在提倡環境維護及綠色能源議題，固態照明具有高效率、低耗電、壽命長等特點，遂成為新一代照明光源之發展重點。本論文利用具有優異熱穩定性之玻璃螢光體，分別運用於無機發光二極體(Light-Emitting Diode, LED)與有機發光二極體(Organic Light-Emitting Diode, OLED)元件作為光色轉換層，透過調整螢光材料濃度形成不同光色之白光元件，分別製作高演色性與寬廣色溫白光LED，以及高效率白光OLED。
論文第一部份以玻璃螢光體做為白光LED的色轉換層，藉由調整摻雜綠色(Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+)、黃色(Y3Al5O12:Ce3+)及紅色(CaAlClSiN3:Eu2+)螢光材料濃度，摻雜濃度為綠色8 wt%及紅色2 wt%(G8R2)厚度在0.95 mm時，其1931 CIEx,y色座標為(0.335, 0.342)最為接近正白光，且演色性可達87。藉由改變玻璃螢光體厚度控制藍光強度，使光色產生廣域的變化，達到調變色溫之目的，厚度由1.2-0.8mm其色溫變化範圍為4246~6711 K，且演色性及發光效率分別可維持80及90 lm/W以上。此研究利用簡易改變玻璃螢光體濃度及厚度，使白光LED具有寬廣色溫調變範圍，同時具有高演色性與高發光效率，使白光LED具有更加靈活的照明運用。
論文第二部份以玻璃螢光體做為OLED元件基板，藉由基板內螢光材料達到光色轉換的特性，搭配藍光OLED元件形成白光元件。在黃和紅螢光材料摻雜濃度分別為3 wt%及5 wt%之螢光基板，其元件在13.6 V操作電壓下，1931 CIEx,y色座標為(0.339,0.409)，色溫為5313 K，演色性可達81。元件最大外部量子效率為7.2 %，最大亮度為6819 cd/m2(@14.8V)，在亮度為42 cd/m2有最大功率效率及電流效率分別為7.9 lm/W和17.1 cd/A。元件在不同操作電壓下，在亮度865 cd/m2增加至6722 cd/m2，其1931 CIEx,y色座標由(0.33,0.40)略為變化至(0.34,0.41)，演色性均可維持80以上。本研究利用單色發光層結合光色轉換之螢光基板，形成光色豐富之多波段白光元件，其元件結構簡單不易隨操作電壓改變產生光色偏移，因此提高色穩定性且維持演色性表現，可提升白光OLED在照明運用之競爭力。

In recent years, due to the rising global environmental consciousness, solid-state lightings with high efficiency, low power consumption and long lifetime have become promising for the next-generation of lighting applications. In this dissertation, we utilize glass phosphors as the color converted layer for LED (Light-Emitting Diode) and OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) devices. We propose the solutions for realizing white LEDs with wide range of CCT and highly efficient white OLED.
In the first part of this dissertation, we used glass phosphor as the color converted layer for white LEDs. The glass phosphors were made by dispersing green (Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+), yellow (Y3Al5O12:Ce3+) and red (CaAlClSiN3:Eu2+) phosphor crystals with a suitable proportion into sodium-based glass matrix. The CIE coordinates of the white LEDs with the 0.95 mm thick glass phosphor composite of LuAG:Ce and CASN:Eu in a doping weight ratio of 8:2 was (CIEx,y=0.335,0.342) and the CRI of the white LEDs reached 87. Through adjusting the thickness of the glass phosphors, the white LEDs exhibit CCT ranging from 4246K to 6711K with CRI ranging and yield luminous efficiency up to 80 and 90 lm/W, respectively. The glass phosphor in this work provides an effective way for white LEDs to achieve both chromaticity tailorability and high efficiency.
In the second part of the dissertation, we utilized glass phosphor as the substrate for white OLEDs. Prompted by the strong light-scattering ability of the fluorescent substrate (glass phosphor), it is possible to serve as a scattering color-conversion layer for white OLEDs. At a driving voltage of 13.6V, the CIE coordinates, CCT, and CRI of the white OLEDs with the substrate doped with YAG:Ce and CASN:Eu in a weight ratio of 3:5(Y3R5) were (CIEx,y=0.339,0.409), 5313K, and 81, respectively. The device exhibited maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.2%, maximum luminance of 6819 cd/m2. The maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of the device were 7.9 lm/W and 17.1cd/A, respectively. The device showed an excellent color rendering and color stability. The CIE coordinates of the device changed slightly with the driving voltage. In this work, we proposed a simplified white OLEDs composed by a blue OLED and a fluorescent substrate. Benefiting from its simplified device structures, the device exhibited excellent color stability and color rendering, this contribution shows the great potential of this kind of white OLEDs for the high color-quality lighting applications.

中文論文審定書 i
英文論文審定書 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xiii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2研究動機與目的 4
1-2-1以玻璃螢光體實現高演色性及寬廣色溫白光LED 5
1-2-2以玻璃螢光體製作高演色性與高效率白光OLED之研究 8
1-3章節提要 10
第二章 基礎理論 12
2-1 LED發光原理 12
2-2 白光LED結構 14
2-3 螢光材料組成 15
2-4 發光機制 16
2-5 OLED發光原理 18
2-6 OLED基本元件結構 19
2-7 白光OLED結構 20
2-7-1多重發光層(Multiple emissive layers) 20
2-7-2多摻雜發光層(Multiple dopants emissive layer) 21
2-7-3 色轉換法(Down conversion) 22
2-8 出光效率(Light Outcoupling efficiency, ηc) 23
2-9 色彩學原理 26
2-9-1 CIE色度座標(Chromaticity Diagram) 26
2-9-2 色溫(Color temperature) 29
2-9-3演色性係數(Color rendering index, CRI) 30
第三章 以玻璃螢光體實現高演色性及寬廣色溫白光LED之研究 32
3-1 實驗材料 32
3-1-1玻璃原料 32
3-1-2螢光材料 34
3-2製作步驟 36
3-3 量測儀器及原理 38
3-3-1光致螢光光譜儀(Fluorescence Spectrophotometer) 38
3-3-2 X光繞射儀(X-Ray Diffraction, XRD) 39
3-3-3紫外-可見光光譜儀(UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, UV-Vis) 40
3-3-4積分球(Integrating Sphere) 41
3-4 結果與討論 42
3-4-1應用於高演色性白光LED之玻璃螢光體開發 42
3-4-2應用於寬廣色溫白光LED之玻璃螢光體開發 45
3-5 結論 48
第四章 以玻璃螢光體製作高演色性與高效率白光OLED之研究 50
4-1 螢光基板備製 50
4-2 OLED元件製作 51
4-2-1 實驗材料 51
4-2-2元件製作步驟 52
4-2-3 元件量測系統 54
4-3 製程及量測儀器原理 55
4-3-1磁控濺鍍系統(Sputter) 55
4-3-2純化系統-管式高溫爐 (Purification system) 56
4-3-3 高真空熱蒸鍍系統(Thermal evaporation) 56
4-3-4 原子力顯微鏡(Atomic force microscope, AFM) 57
4-3-5 霧度(Haze) 58
4-4 結果與討論 59
4-4-1 螢光基板光學特性 59
4-4-2白光OLED元件特性 62
4-5 結論 70
第五章 結論 71
參考文獻 73
個人著作(Publications) 79

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