微藻生長所需的營養鹽及二氧化碳，可分別藉由污水廠及電廠所排放的污水及煙道氣中來獲得，因此整個培養系統能同時達到微藻培養、水質淨化及碳封存等目的，所生產的微藻能做為魚塭飼料之用，或者進行加工轉換成具有經濟價值的副產物，如肥料、生質柴油及保健食品等。此外，微藻的生長將會受到氮源及碳源影響外，光照等其他的環境因子亦將影響微藻之生長。
本研究首先探討海洋擬球藻(TF-11)在各個環境及操作條件下，對於生物量及油脂積累的影響，所探討的因子包括有氮濃度、磷濃度、鹽度、pH值、曝氣比、氮源種類(低濃度)、氮源種類(高濃度)、光強度及碳源，接著利用上述實驗所得到的結果中，選出某些主要的生長因子，再進行培養成本最佳化實驗。其中選定的因子包括有鹽度、氮源及碳源，最後再進行應用性實驗，探討海洋擬球藻(TF-11)是否能夠處理魚塭及生活污水(二級處理)，以達到水質淨化之目的，並同時產出高生物量的藻液，以作為飼料之用途。
海洋擬球藻(TF-11)在各種的鹽度範圍內(0.76-40 PSU)，根據實驗結果顯示，此藻種具有廣鹽性，尤其是在鹽度0.76 PSU之下亦能生長，而在各種的光照強度範圍內(300-6000 lux)，根據實驗結果顯示使用3000 lux的生長情況與6000 lux並無差異。
在處理生活污水實驗中，約5天時間即可將30.36±0.54 mg L-1的總無機氮給去除率達96 %，而在處理魚塭廢水實驗中，約3天的時間即可將2.95±0.25 mg L-1的總無機氮達去除率76 %。
此外，根據二氧化碳進氣改良之實驗結果顯示，本實驗每單位的培養液只需4.4 mL min-1 L-1的二氧化碳進氣量，即可使pH從8.4下降至2.4，此二氧化碳使用量只需傳統進氣方式的1/13。

The nutrient salts and carbon dioxide (CO2) required for the growth of microalgae can be respectively obtained from waste water and flue gases emitted by wastewater plants and power plants. Therefore, a microalgae culture system can simultaneously attain multiple goals such as mciroalgae cultivation, water purification, and carbon storage. The produced microalgae can be used as fish feeds or processed and converted to economic by-products, including fertilizers, biodiesels, and health food. The growth of microalgae is affected by nitrogen and carbon sources as well as other environmental factors such as illumination.
Experiments were first conducted to investigate the effects of various environmental and operating factors on the biomass and oil accumulation of Nannochloropsis oculata (TF-11); these factors were nitrogen concentration, phosphorous concentration, salinity, pH, aeration ratio, high- and low-concentration nitrogen sources, light intensity, and carbon sources. According to the experimental results, the most influential growth factors, namely, salinity, nitrogen sources, and carbon sources, were selected to optimize the cultivation cost. Finally, experiments were conducted to examine whether N. oculata (TF-11) can be used to perform secondary treatment for fish farm and municipal wastewater to purify water and produce high-biomass algal solutions as animal feeds.
Applying various salinity levels (0.76–40 PSU) confirmed the euryhaline property of N. oculata (TF-11); in particular, the microalgae could grow under a salinity of merely 0.76 PSU. Regarding light intensity (300–6000 lux), the growth of N. oculata differed nonsignificantly between 3000 and 6000 lux.
The experiment on municipal wastewater showed that N. oculata completely removed 30.36 ± 0.54 mg L−1 total inorganic nitrogen in approximately 5 days, and the experiment on fish farm wastewater confirmed that the algae completely removed 2.95 ± 0.24 mg L−1 total inorganic nitrogen in approximately 3 days, attaining a removal rate of 76%.
The culture optimization experiment on the CO2 influx rate showed that the culture medium only required a CO2 influx of 4.4 mL min−1 L−1 to reduce the pH by 2.4; this influx rate was only 1/13 of the conventional method.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xv
第一章. 緒論 1
1.1. 研究緣起 1
1.2. 研究目的 2
第二章. 文獻回顧 3
2.1. 藻類介紹 3
2.1.1. 藻類生命週期 3
2.1.2. 光合作用 4
2.2. 影響藻類生長的因子 6
2.2.1. 光 6
2.2.2. 溫度 8
2.2.3. 碳源 8
2.2.4. 營養鹽 9
2.2.5. 酸鹼值 10
2.3. 藻類培養系統 11
2.3.1. 開放式系統培養 12
2.3.2. 封閉式系統培養 13
2.3.3. 開放及封閉式曝氣系統 14
2.4. 藻類之應用 17
2.4.1 生質柴油 18
2.4.2 保健食品 19
2.4.3 飼料添加劑 21
2.4.4 廢水處理 21
2.4.5 二氧化碳減量 22
2.5. 藻類的收集 23
2.5.1. 化學 23
2.5.2. 物理 24
2.5.3. 生物 25
第三章. 實驗材料與方法 26
3.1 實驗流程 26
3.2 藻種來源 30
3.3 培養基與藥品 31
3.4 實驗儀器與設備 34
3.4.1. 培養裝置 34
3.4.2. 分析儀器 36
3.5 生物體組成分析 37
3.5.1. 微藻乾重分析 37
3.5.2. 比生長速率 37
3.5.3. Nile Red染色 39
3.6 營養鹽組成分析 40
3.6.1 亞硝酸鹽分析 40
3.6.2 硝酸鹽分析 40
3.6.3 氨氮分析 41
3.6.4 磷酸鹽分析 42
3.7 現場數值測定 43
3.7.1. 光照強度測定 43
3.7.2. 酸鹼值測定 43
3.7.3. 鹽度 44
3.8 統計 45
第四章. 結果與討論 46
4.1. 海洋擬球藻之生長特性試驗 46
4.1.1. 不同氮濃度對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 46
4.1.2. 不同磷濃度對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 64
4.1.3. 不同鹽度對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 73
4.1.4. 不同pH值對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 85
4.1.5. 不同曝氣比對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 97
4.1.6. 不同氮源種類(低濃度)對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 109
4.1.7. 不同光源強度對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 123
4.1.8. 不同CO2濃度對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 135
4.1.9. 不同氮源種類(高濃度)對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 145
4.1.10. 綜合討論-海洋擬球藻生理特性 163
4.2. 處理魚塭及生活廢水試驗 165
4.2.1. 魚塭廢水不同接種濃度對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 165
4.2.2. 魚塭廢水不同稀釋倍數對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 176
4.2.3. 魚塭廢水有無滅菌對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 189
4.2.4. 魚塭廢水額外添加氮源對海洋擬球藻生長之探討 198
4.2.5. 生活污水(二級處理)應用於海洋擬球藻生長之探討 211
4.2.6. 生活污水(二級處理)有無滅菌於海洋擬球藻生長之探討 226
4.2.7. 綜合討論-廢水處理 239
4.3. 海洋擬球藻培養系統改良 241
4.3.1. 不同進氣操作策略(二氧化碳) 241
4.3.2. 瓶杯試驗機-2L 259
4.3.3. 瓶杯試驗機-5 L 269
4.3.4. 磁石攪拌機-20 L 281
4.3.5. 綜合討論-二氧化碳進氣效率 293
第五章. 結論與建議 294
5.1. 結論 294
5.2. 建議 295
參考文獻 296

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