在車載網路（VANET）的高度變異性環境中，由於車輛的高移動性與周遭建築物的阻礙，使得車輛之間的傳輸穩定性受到相當的挑戰。在車載網路中進行路由計算時，須盡可能尋找車輛密度較高的路段進行傳輸，以避免carry-and-forward之情形發生。目前有許多研究針對車載網路路由設計的方法，其中也有許多將道路車輛密度作為傳輸路徑的考量，然而，單純週期性偵測各路段的車輛密度作為路由選擇的主要考量依然會面臨一些挑戰，例如：車輛自行偵測各路段的車輛密度並互相傳遞車輛密度的訊息將造成大量的控制花費(Control Overhead)；在車輛密度變化較快之情形下，必須要使用大量的控制封包來記錄並傳遞，另外更由於拓樸的快速改變，也無法獲得即時的密度資訊。

本論文提出一套新的運用於車載網路路由的方法，利用路側單元(Road-side Unit, RSU)配合機器學習(Machine Learning System)，加上蟻群演算法(Ant Colony Optimization, ACO)之費洛蒙概念來預測車流方向建構完整且即時的城市交通狀態系統，再利用預估延遲時間，根據不同的封包服務(QoS)決定不同的傳輸策略，使路由效能達到最佳，提高資料傳輸效率。經由模擬結果顯示，相較於其他比較的方法，我們所提出的方法在各項評測項目上皆有較佳的效能表現。

The environment is highly variable in VANET. Due to high mobility of vehicles and buildings around obstacles, making the transmission stability between vehicles subject to considerable challenges. When VANET calculated the routing, it shall be calculated on the higher density of vehicles as possible find sections for transmission in order to avoid happening carry-and-forward. There are many studies for the vehicle routing network design, in which there are many of road vehicle density as a transmission path considerations. However, a simple cyclical detect the density of each section of the vehicle as the main route selection considerations will still face some challenges, like causing a lot of control overhead.
This paper presents a new method used in VANET using Road-side Unit(RSU), Machine Learning System, and the Ant Colony Optimization(ACO) to predict the direction of traffic build. Furthermore, using the expected delay time, depending on the packet service (QoS) policies determine the type of transmission, the routing optimum performance, improve data transmission efficiency. Simulation results show that compared to other comparative methods, our proposed method in the evaluation of projects has better performance.

學位論文審定書 i
論文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
第一章 導論 1
1.1 簡介 1
1.2 研究動機 6
1.3 論文架構 8
第二章 相關背景與研究 9
2.1 車載通訊網路 9
2.2 專用短距通訊 12
2.3 路由協定介紹 16
2.4 車載網路與分群 20
2.5 機器學習 21
2.5.1 機器學習與分群 21
2.5.2 機器學習應用於車載網路(VANET) 21
2.6 蟻群演算法 23
2.6.1 蟻群演算法原理 23
2.6.2 蟻群演算法與車載網路(VANET) 24
第三章 協定設計 26
3.1 情境假設 27
3.2 路由流程 28
3.3 車輛移動預估 33
3.3.1 機器學習預估移動方向 34
3.3.2 RSU費洛蒙值預測車輛位置 36
3.4 傳輸策略 40
3.4.1 Real time封包傳輸策略 41
3.4.2 Non-Real time封包傳輸策略 43
3.4.3 傳輸延遲時間預估機制 44
3.5 路由協定流程圖 49
第四章 模擬與效能分析 51
4.1 模擬環境與參數設定 51
4.2 評測項目 54
4.3 模擬結果與分析 54
4.3.1 Real time封包服務 54
4.3.2 Non-Real time封包服務 64
第五章 結論 70
參考文獻 71

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