當太陽光伏發電系統(Photovoltaic Generation System, PVGS)輸出過大或因事故導致電壓驟變時，其輸出功率可能須從原最大功率點(Maximum Power Point, MPP)移動到某一定功率點(Constant Power Point, CPP)，以維持電力系統穩定性。此外，為改善部分遮陰(Partial Shading)帶來的太陽能板串聯模組熱點問題，每塊太陽能板會並接旁路二極體(Bypass Diode)，此時會造成輸出太陽能板的功率-電壓特性曲線出現多峰現象，故需全域最大功率追蹤(Globe Maximum Power Point Tracking, GMPPT)技術。如可在考量部分遮陰之全域最大功率追蹤與定功率追蹤間動態地進行切換，將可有效降低輸出功率損失。本論文提出一可於全域最大功率及定功率間動態切換之混合定功率追蹤法(Hybrid Constant Power Point Tracking)，所提之混合定功率追蹤法結合狀態估測法(State Estimation)，透過擷取太陽光伏發電系統之電流與電壓，搭配太陽光伏發電之特性函數，估測出該區間太陽光伏發電系統功率-電壓輸出特性曲線，判定目前的最大功率與定功率間的差異，再動態地切換最大功率或定功率追蹤模式。為驗證所提之混合定功率追蹤法，本論文利用模擬與實驗，探討與改良型分段搜尋之擾動觀察法(Perturbation and Observation, P&O)在暫態追蹤時間與穩態輸出功率上的差異，由模擬與實驗結果證實所提出之方法可有效縮短暫態追蹤時間並減少穩態損失。

Due to the higher output power of Photovoltaic Generation Systems (PVGSs) or the sudden voltage variations caused by a power grid failure, the operating point of a PVGS may need to be moved from the Maximum Power Point (MPP) to Constant Power Point (CPP) to make sure the power grid stability. In addition, a bypass diode is connected to a photovoltaic panel to improve hot spots caused by partial shading. The partial shading conditions will cause the power-voltage (P-V) curve of a PVGS with multi-peak phenomenon; therefore, a Globe Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT) algorithm is necessary. If a tracking algorithm can dynamically exchange between GMPP and CPP under partial shading condition, then the output power losses incurred by power tracking can be effectively reduced. A Hybrid Constant Power Point Tracking (HCPPT) using state estimation which can exchange between GMPP and CPP dynamically is proposed in this thesis. Based on the measured voltages and currents of a PVGS, the solar irradiance and the number of cells connected in series can be calculated. P-V curve of the PVGS under this situation can be evaluated and then the operating point between GMPP or CPP can be dynamically exchanged. Simulations and experiments for the proposed HCPPT and enhanced segmentation search based Perturbation and Observation (P&O) are conducted to demonstrate the validity of the proposed HCPPT. The results obtained show that the shorter transient response time and lower steady-state losses can be achieved by the proposed HCPPT.

摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究動機 2
1-3 論文大綱 4
第二章 太陽光伏發電系統功率追蹤技術簡介 5
2-1 太陽能板串聯特性介紹 7
2-2 用於部分遮陰之最大功率追蹤技術簡介 9
2-2-1結合線性函數之增量電導法 9
2-2-2類神經網路法 11
2-2-3分段搜尋之擾動觀察法 12
2-3 定功率追蹤之必要性 14
第三章 考量部分遮陰情況之混合定功率追蹤 19
3-1 狀態估測法 20
3-2 功率模式切換 22
3-3 區間預測及跳躍 23
第四章 考量遮陰下之混合定功率追蹤模擬 31
4-1 參數設定及量測準則定義 31
4-1-1參數設定 31
4-1-2量測準則定義 33
4-2 結合狀態估測之混合定追蹤法模擬結果 34
4-2-1定功率追蹤與最大功率追蹤模擬 34
4-2-2全日候模擬結果 43
第五章 考量遮陰下之混合定功率追蹤實驗 47
5-1 實驗周邊 47
5-1-1太陽光伏發電輸出模擬器 47
5-1-2電子負載 50
5-1-3控制晶片及程式設計 50
5-2 電路設計 53
5-2-1升壓式轉換器 53
5-2-2電路取樣 58
5-3 功率追蹤系統實驗結果 59
5-3-1固定一受部分遮陰氣候條件實測結果 60
5-3-2變動受部分遮陰氣候條件實測結果 69
第六章 結論與未來展望 73
6-1 結論 73
6-2 未來展望 73
參考文獻 75

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