太陽光伏模組需要長期具備穩定供電且能適應外在環境氣候變化的能力，若能針對太陽光伏發電系統(Photovoltaic Generation System, PVGS)的輸出效能提升技術加以研究，則一來可提高太陽光伏發電系統的實用性，二來可增加該產業的競爭力。為了增加太陽光伏發電系統的輸出，有必要探討部分遮陰情形(Partially Shaded Conditions, PSC)之環境因素所造成的影響，以及快速地在部分遮陰的影響下追蹤全域最大功率點(Global Maximum Power Point, GMPP)。因此本論文提出一結合遮陰偵測及狀態估測之全域最大功率追蹤，狀態估測係透過所擷取的多組太陽光伏發電系統電壓與電流取樣值，估測目前的照度與溫度等環境狀態及太陽光伏發電系統參數，進而求得最大功率電壓操作點。本文所提之追蹤法包含三階段流程，第一階段為太陽光伏模組參數修正流程，其目的為修正內部特性曲線參數以因應各廠家的太陽光伏模組規格；第二階段為遮陰偵測流程，其目的為透過擷取的電流/電壓特性曲線數據，判定太陽光伏發電系統是否發生部分遮陰；第三階段為具區間預測法(Section Prediction Method, SPM)之全域最大功率追蹤流程，其目的為依照遮陰偵測流程的結果估測當前全域最大功率點，或是透過區間預測法估測全域最大功率點所在區間，並於此區間利用狀態估測求得全域最大功率電壓操作點。本文所提追蹤法之優點為若遮陰偵測流程判斷當前太陽光伏發電系統未發生遮陰時，只需截取當前的兩組電流電壓取樣值即可操作在全域最大功率點，無須執行較複雜的區間預測法，故可有效縮短暫態追蹤時間；而若遮陰偵測流程判定發生遮陰情形時，亦可利用區間預測法快速判斷全域最大功率追蹤點可能的區間，有效地減少取樣點及判斷次數，進而減少追蹤損失。實驗結果與全天候太陽光伏發電系統輸出的模擬結果證實，本文所提之追蹤法可有效地判斷當前特性曲線是否發生部分遮陰，且不論遮陰與否，所提之方法可有效減少追蹤損失且可達99%平均追蹤精確度。

Photovoltaic modules need to have the permanent ability to resist environmental alteration and supply stable power. Output power improvement of Photovoltaic Generation Systems (PVGSs) can not only raise the practicality of PVGSs but also increase the industry competitiveness. To increase the output power of PVGSs, the effect of environmental factors especially the Partially Shaded Conditions (PSC) should be further investigated. This dissertation proposes a Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP) tracking algorithm for PVGSs using shading detection and state estimation. Using the captured voltages and currents from a PVGS, the proposed state estimation can be used to calculate the approximate solar irradiance, ambient temperature and other PVGS’s parameters. In this way, the maximum power point can be calculated and tracked efficiently. The proposed tracking algorithm consists of three stages. Stage I is the parameter correction of PVGS. The purpose is to correct the PVGS’s parameters to meet the characteristic curve of PVGSs manufactured by different vendors. Stage II is shading detection used to diagnose whether a PVGS is under PSC. Stage III is GMPP tracking that utilizes the capatured voltages and currents and state estimation to find out the GMPP. A Segment Prediction Method (SPM) is proposed to predict the GMPP segment from Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristic curve and to enhance the tracking performance. Using shading detection as proposed in Stage II, if the PVGS is not under PSC, two captured voltages and currents are enough to calculate the GMPP without executing SPM. The transient tracking time can be effective shortened. When the PVGS is under PSC, the global maximum power point tracking as proposed in Statge III can use SPM to quickly predict the GMPP segment. The tracking time can also be effectively reduced since the proposed SPM does not need to scan all segments for GMPP tracking. Simulation and experimental results show that PSC can be effectively detected and more than 99% tracking accuracy and lower tracking losses are achieved by the proposed tracking algorithm regardless of PSC or not.

誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 論文大綱 4
第二章 太陽光伏發電系統介紹 6
2.1 太陽光伏發電簡介 6
2.2 太陽光伏電池特性 7
2.3 太陽光伏發電系統基本架構 11
2.3.1 不均勻照度時無旁路二極體 12
2.3.2 不均勻照度時有旁路二極體 14
第三章 全域最大功率追蹤技術簡介 16
3.1 傳統最大功率追蹤技術 16
3.2 進階最大功率追蹤技術 17
3.2.1 二階段式搜尋技術 18
3.2.2 軟性計算搜尋技術 19
3.3 部分遮陰情形檢測方法 21
3.3.1 串列短路電流檢測法 21
3.3.2 三點式線性函數檢測法 22
3.3.3 兩點式特性參數檢測法 23
3.3.4 部分遮陰檢測方法分析與評估 24
第四章 太陽光伏發電系統遮陰偵測 27
4.1 部分遮陰對電流/電壓特性曲線的影響 27
4.2 結合狀態估測之最大功率追蹤法 35
4.3 結合遮陰偵測及狀態估測之全域最大功率追蹤 43
4.3.1 太陽光伏模組參數修正流程 44
4.3.2 遮陰偵測流程 48
4.3.3 全域最大功率追蹤流程 54
第五章 模擬與實驗結果 64
5.1 模擬設計與分析 64
5.2 模擬測試結果 72
5.2.1 本文所提之方法進行頻繁部分遮陰檢測 74
5.2.2 本文所提之方法進行間隔性部分遮陰檢測 76
5.2.3 部分遮陰檢測與遮陰時間同步性評估 77
5.3 實驗測試設計 80
5.3.1 升壓式轉換器介紹 84
5.3.2 升壓式轉換器電路元件設計 86
5.4 實驗設計與測試結果 88
5.4.1 均勻照度無部分遮陰 91
5.4.2 不均勻照度發生部分遮陰 96
5.4.3 均勻照度變化均勻照度之動態測試結果 101
5.4.4 不均勻照度變化不均勻照度之動態測試結果 104
第六章 結論與未來展望 107
6.1 結論 107
6.2 未來展望 108
參考文獻 109

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