本文欲分析印尼雖然與台灣沒有政治外交關係，卻能發展其在台灣的經濟和社會文化關係的原因。印尼與台灣之間的經貿統計顯示，在2010年台灣是印尼的第八大外來投資以及第11大貿易夥伴；在社會文化關係方面的數據更證明在台灣有廣大的印尼移工與印尼學生人口。因此，印尼與台灣呈現經貿與社會文化互賴的情況。儘管缺乏政治外交關係，為什麼印尼能持續維持與台灣的經貿以及社會文化關係呢？為解答此問題，本文將採印尼觀點為途徑，其著重於印尼人民對其與台灣的關係的視角。分析方法則援引國際關係建構主義中的人民間互動的概念為本，著重觀察共同觀念和文化價值如何形塑制度，因為制度最終會構築政府的利益。本文證明印尼在沒有對台外交關係的情況下能持續維持與台灣的經貿和社會文化關係的原因，在於印尼人民是觀念的倡導者，主導著與台灣之間的互動。人民與制度兩者對印尼與台灣來說，是深入強化相互關係的經貿與社會文化功能角色。

The main intention of this thesis is to analyses the underlying reason that caused Indonesia is able to nurture its economic and socio-cultural relations with Taiwan, even though under the absence of political diplomatic relations. Statistics on economics between Indonesia and Taiwan shows that in 2010, Taiwan is the eighth-investor and the eleventh-trading partner for Indonesia. Furthermore, statistics on socio-cultural relations proves that there are massive population of Indonesian migrant workers and Indonesian students in Taiwan. Thus, Indonesia and Taiwan are in the conditions of economic and socio-cultural interdependence. Despite lacking political diplomatic relations, why could Indonesia maintain durable economic and socio-cultural relations with Taiwan?” In order to answer that question, this paper will employ the Indonesian perspective approach that stressed on the Indonesian people point of views toward its relations with Taiwan. The main tool of analysis is based on the people-to-people interactions concept which is drawn from the constructivist approach on International Relations. It focuses on how share ideas and cultural-values contribute to the making up of institutions which in the end constitute the interests of the state. This thesis has proved the proposed hypothesis that due to the Indonesian people as the promoter of ideas lead the interactions with Taiwan, Indonesia is able to maintain its durable economic and socio-cultural relations with Taiwan despite under the absence of diplomatic relations. People and Institutions serve as independent economic and socio-cultural agent both for Indonesia and Taiwan to further strengthen their ties.

TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………..……… i
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………………………. vi
LIST OF CHARTS ……………………………………………………………………………… viii
ABBREVIATIONS ……………………………………………………………………….……… ix
Chapter I: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1. Background of Information ……………………………………………………………........… 2
2. Research Motives ……………………………………………………………………………... 3
3. Research Purposes ……………………………………………………………………………. 4
4. Research Approach ………………………………………………………………………….... 4
5. Research Methods …………………………………………………………………………..… 5
6. Literature Review ……………………………………………………………………………..... 6
6.1. Taiwan Perspective …………………………………………………………………………..... 7
(1) Primacy of Taiwan’s Economic
Diplomacy and Interests ……………………………………………………............................... 7
(2) Shifting International Order ………………………………………………......................... 10
(3) Development of Cross-Strait Relations ………………………………............................ 11
(4) People-to-People Approach ………………………………………………........................ 13
6.2. Indonesian Perspective …………………………………………………………………........ 14
(1) Policy of Separation of Politics and Economics …………………................................ 14
(2) PRC’s Factors within Indonesia and Taiwan Relations ……...................................… 16
7. Analytical Framework ……………………………………………………………………....... 21
(1) Theoretical Framework …………………………………………………................... 21
(2) Proposed Framework …………………………………………………………............ 26
I.8. Thesis Arrangement ………………………………………………………………………...... 29
Chapter II: Economic Relations between Indonesia and Taiwan ………………………………...31
1. Economic Relations before 1990s ……………………………………….................. 31
2. Economic Relations after 1990s …………………………………………................. 35
Chapter III: Socio-Cultural Relations between Indonesia and Taiwan …………………………... 51
1. Migrant Workers in Taiwan …………………………………………………………..... 51
2. Indonesian Migrant Workers in Taiwan ………………………………………........… 54
3. Foreign Students in Taiwan ………………………………………………………….… 60
4. Indonesian Students in Taiwan …………………………………………………. 62
5. Socio and Cultural Exchanges between Indonesia and Taiwan …….......…. 66
Chapter IV: People’s Ideas, Institutions and Interests within
Indonesia and Taiwan Relations …………………………………………………76
1. Framework of Ideas …………………………………………………………………….. 76
(1) Environmental Framework ………………………………………………... 77
(2) Economic Framework ………..………………………………..………..… 83
(3) Cultural Framework …………………………………………………….….. 87
2. Creation of Institutions and Norms ……………………………………………… 91
(1) Asosiasi Pengusaha Toko Indonesia di Taiwan (APIT) ……............… 92
(2) Ikatan Citra Alumni Taiwan seIndonesian (ICATI) ……………............. 94
(3) Ikatan Pekerja Indonesia Taiwan (IPIT) ……………………………........ 97
(4) Perhimpunan Pelajar Indonesia di Taiwan (PPI Taiwan) ……............. 98
3. Economic and Socio-Cultural Interests
Between Indonesia and Taiwan ………………………………………..……… 101
(1) Economic Interests ……………………………………………………… 102
(2) Socio-Cultural Interests …………………………………………………. 105
Chapter V: Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………..… 110
1. Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………..110
2. Theoretical Implications ……………………………………………………….. 113
3. Implications for Indonesia and Taiwan ……………………………………….. 114
Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 115
Appendix A: Field Research Activities March-May 2013 …………..…………………………. 121
Appendix B: Memorandum of Understanding between the Indonesian Economic and Trade Office in Taipei and the Taipei Economic and Trade Office, Indonesia on Cooperation in the Field of Higher Education ………………………………………………………………………………………………............. 122
Appendix C: Memorandum of Understanding between the Indonesian Economic and Trade Office in Taipei and the Taipei Economic and Trade Office, Indonesia on the Recruitment, Placement and Protection of Indonesian Overseas Workers …………………………………………………………………………..……………………………. 125

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