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博碩士論文 etd-0604117-180305 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0604117-180305
論文名稱
Title
不同熱退火方式及銀摻雜對碲化銻熱電薄膜特性之影響
Effects of different thermal annealing and silver doping methods on the thermoelectric properties of antimony telluride-based thin films
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
132
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2017-07-18
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2017-08-28
關鍵字
Keywords
熱退火、熱蒸鍍、碲化銻、功率因子、銀摻雜
Sb2Te3, Thermal evaporation, Thermal annealing, Ag doping, Power factor
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5707 times, has been downloaded 5 times.
中文摘要
本實驗利用熱蒸鍍方式於室溫下製備碲化銻(Sb2Te3)熱電薄膜於矽基板上,再分別利用高溫爐管與快速熱退火(RTA)兩種熱退火方式進行熱處理,以改善材料之熱電特性;另外,據文獻指出,利用摻雜的方式同樣亦可提升材料之熱電特性,因此,本研究亦製備Sb2Te3/Ag/ Sb2Te3薄膜結構,透過金屬銀(Ag)的摻雜來提升材料的導電性,並探討摻雜與熱退火方式對於熱電特性之影響。
由SEM與XRD分析得知,室溫下沉積之薄膜具有較平整的表面形貌,但具結晶性不佳與缺陷多等缺點,使功率因子偏低。利用退火能有效地減少薄膜內部之晶格缺陷,使載子濃度下降,提升Seebeck係數;隨著退火溫度的增加,薄膜晶相強度逐漸增強,載子遷移率增加,導電率呈現上升趨勢;實驗結果顯示,在室溫下沉積之Sb2Te3薄膜,於RTA退火溫度300°C,退火時間10分鐘的情況下,具有較佳之功率因子約為10.62 µW/cm·K2。
在探討銀(Ag)原子摻雜部份,室溫下Ag之摻雜濃度為4.25 %時,薄膜之功率因子約為0.81 µW/cm·K2。接著,以此摻雜濃度進行熱退火處理,在退火溫度較低時,載子濃度增加,使Seebeck係數降低;隨著退火溫度增加,Seebeck係數會呈現上升之趨勢;經由EDS(mapping)分析,Ag原子經由熱退火處理後會擴散至Sb2Te3之上下層;在RTA退火溫度300°C,退火時間10分鐘,導電率會提升至1509.98 S/cm,換算後可得最佳功率因子約為20.56 µW/cm·K2。實驗結果得知,Ag摻雜能有效地提升導電率,以RTA退火可減少熱處理的時間,並達到與爐管相近之效果。
Abstract
In this study, the Sb2Te3 thermoelectric thin films were deposited on silicon substrates by thermal evaporation method. In order to improve the thermoelectric properties of the materials, the heat treatments were carried out by furnace annealing and rapid thermal annealing, respectively. On the other hand, according to the literatures, the doping method also can enhance the thermoelectric properties. Therefore, in this study, thin film with structure of Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3 was prepared, in which Ag was adopted as a dopant to enhance the conductivity. The effects of doping and different annealing methods on the thermoelectric properties were investigated.
The surface morphology and crystalline structures of the thin films were analyzed by SEM and XRD, respectively. The thin films deposited at room temperature had poor crystallization and many defects. Therefore, the power factor of thin films was lower. Annealing could effectively reduce the defects of the thin films and carrier concentration, and the Seebeck coefficient was increased. With annealing temperature increasing, the X-ray diffraction peaks of thin films would be enhanced, and carrier mobility was increased. Therefore, the conductivity was increased. The results showed that the optimal power factor of 10.62 µW/cm·K2 was obtained at the annealing temperature of 300°C for 10 minutes by rapid thermal annealing.
Another object of this study focused on the Ag doping. The value of power factor of 0.81 µW/cm·K2 could be obtained at the Ag doping concentration of 4.25 wt%, and the substrate temperature of room temperature. The Seebeck coefficient was decreased by the increased carrier concentration at low annealing temperature, and then increased with the increase of annealing temperature. The diffusion phenomenon of Ag doping in the thin films was obtained from EDS (mapping) analysis. After thermal annealing, Ag atom would diffuse into the upper and lower Sb2Te3 layers. The conductivity of thin film was increased to 1509.98 S/cm after Ag doping and annealed at 300°C for 10 minutes by rapid thermal annealing. The maximized value of power factor of 20.56 µW/cm·K2 was obtained. According to the experimental results, the Ag doping could effectively improve the conductivity of the thin films and the rapid thermal annealing could reduce the processing time to achieve the similar results of furnace annealing.
目次 Table of Contents
中文審定書 i
英文審定書 ii
誌謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract vi
目錄 viii
圖目錄 xi
表目錄 xvi
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 熱電材料的應用 3
1.2.1 熱電應用於汽車排放出的廢熱回收 3
1.2.2 製程廢熱之回收發電 4
1.2.3 體溫供電的智能手錶(Powerwatch) 5
1.2.4 熱電致冷模組應用的民生產品 6
1.3 研究動機 7
1.4 研究規劃 11
第二章 熱電理論分析 12
2.1 熱電效應 12
2.1.1 Seebeck效應 12
2.1.2 Peltier效應 13
2.1.3 Thomson效應 14
2.2 熱電材料之物理特質 16
2.2.1熱電優值(Figure of merit, ZT) 16
2.2.2熱電轉換效率 20
2.3 文獻回顧 22
第三章 實驗方法與步驟 26
3.1 實驗步驟 26
3.2 實驗流程 27
3.2.1基板清洗 27
3.2.2 Sb2Te3薄膜於不同熱退火處理之熱電特性探討 28
3.2.3 Ag摻雜Sb2Te3薄膜於不同熱退火處理之熱電特性探討 30
3.3 實驗儀器與製程介紹 32
3.3.1熱蒸鍍機原理之介紹 32
3.3.2熱退火製程原理之介紹 34
3.3.3 X光粉末繞射儀(X-Ray Diffractometer, XRD) 37
3.3.4掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM) 38
3.3.5 X光能譜散射分析儀(Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, EDS) 39
3.3.6 Seebeck 係數量測 39
3.3.7電阻率量測 40
第四章 實驗結果與討論 42
4.1 Sb2Te3原始材料分析 42
4.2室溫下沉積Sb2Te3薄膜之特性探討 43
4.2.1 Sb2Te3薄膜於不同沉積時間之物性分析 43
4.2.2 Sb2Te3薄膜於不同沉積時間之電性分析 46
4.3 Sb2Te3薄膜於爐管退火後之特性探討 48
4.3.1 Sb2Te3薄膜於爐管不同退火溫度之物性分析 48
4.3.2 Sb2Te3薄膜於爐管不同退火溫度之電性分析 53
4.3.3 Sb2Te3薄膜於爐管不同退火時間之物性分析 56
4.3.4 Sb2Te3薄膜於爐管不同退火時間之電性分析 59
4.4 Sb2Te3薄膜於RTA退火後之特性探討 62
4.4.1 Sb2Te3薄膜於RTA退火5分鐘下,不同退火溫度之物性分析 62
4.4.2 Sb2Te3薄膜於RTA退火5分鐘下,不同退火溫度之電性分析 67
4.4.3 Sb2Te3薄膜於RTA退火10分鐘下,不同退火溫度之物性分析 69
4.4.4 Sb2Te3薄膜於RTA退火10分鐘下,不同退火溫度之電性分析 73
4.5室溫下沉積Sb2Te3/Ag/ Sb2Te3薄膜結構之特性探討 76
4.5.1 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於不同Ag比例之物性分析 76
4.5.2 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於不同Ag比例之電性分析 79
4.6 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於爐管退火之特性探討 81
4.6.1 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於爐管不同退火溫度之物性分析 81
4.6.2 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於爐管不同退火溫度之電性分析 85
4.6.3 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於爐管不同退火時間之物性分析 88
4.6.4 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於爐管不同退火時間之電性分析 91
4.6.5 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於爐管退火溫度250°C,退火時間90分鐘之EDS (Mapping)分析 93
4.7 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於RTA退火之特性探討 94
4.7.1 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於RTA退火5分鐘下,不同退火溫度之物性分析 94
4.7.2 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於RTA退火5分鐘下,不同退火溫度之電性分析 98
4.7.3 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於RTA退火10分鐘下,不同退火溫度之物性分析 101
4.7.4 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於RTA退火10分鐘下,不同退火溫度之電性分析 105
4.7.5 Sb2Te3/Ag/Sb2Te3薄膜結構於RTA退火溫度300°C,退火時間10分鐘之EDS (Mapping)分析 108
第五章 結 論 109
參考文獻 111
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