本研究針對立體規則型高分子材料之自組裝行為研究以及結構性質關聯進行探討。首先，探討具層板微結構之新穎對排聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)−聚左旋乳酸之雙結晶性嵌段共聚物藉由結晶驅動力用以調控微結構之尺寸，對排聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)嵌段於微相分離侷限空間下先進行結晶形成堅硬結晶層板模板並伴隨引起聚左旋乳酸鏈段顯著延伸導致其聚左旋乳酸嵌段之微相結構厚度增加，經由提升結晶溫度之調控，可製備出層板厚度之最大延伸尺度變化(~34%)。第二部分，單一嵌段結晶、雙嵌段結晶以及共同結晶在軟或硬相侷限空間下可透過特殊設計之對排聚(p-甲基苯乙烯)−聚左旋乳酸高分子嵌段共聚物來同時來實現並有系統地研究。主相為對排聚(p-甲基苯乙烯)於軟相侷限空間下進行結晶導致擾亂六角堆積聚左旋乳酸柱體之排列，相比之下，不論聚左旋乳酸在軟或硬相侷限空間下進行結晶其層板微結構皆被保留不變。第一次觀察到結晶引起相當有趣的微結構型態轉變從侷限的單一尺度之層板微結構至介穩定態之雙重尺度之層板微結構，最終形成破壞之形態之特殊行為，而雙重尺度之層板的形成歸因於動力學和熱力學控制之奈米尺度之結晶在有序微結構中的成長。然而，無論結晶順序性如何，即使在軟相侷限情況下，雙結晶性之形態主要受到先結晶之嵌段所支配。藉由調控相互侷限作用得到長程有序微結構之結晶層板和柱狀以提供新的手段來製備奈米孔洞結晶性模板。第三部分，探討強相分離之同排聚(1-丁烯)−聚(2-乙烯基吡啶)高分子嵌段共聚物其自組裝與結晶行為。利用結晶的優勢，具層板微結構之同排聚(1-丁烯)−聚(2-乙烯基吡啶)可以達到2奈米世代微結構。另外在具六角排列柱狀結構之低分子量同排聚(1-丁烯)−聚(2-乙烯基吡啶)中展現7.6奈米的柱子直徑。此外，第四部份也探討組態的規則性對於光致發光高分子其發光性質的影響，雖然同排、對排和亂排展現相似吸收特徵，但是放光性質強烈地受立體規則性影響。由於不同構形之分子鏈，導致高同排規則性與高對排規則性分別產生相異的光致放光。因此，立體規則型高分子具有相樣化學結構展現不同之發光性質而言，立體規則度確實扮演重要的角色。最後，利用嶄新的方式透過非掌性聚苯乙烯−聚(2-乙烯基吡啶)與掌性小分子形成錯和物產生三級螺旋超分子結構。掌性轉移從掌性小分子轉移至非掌性之聚(2-乙烯基吡啶)主鏈誘導螺產生旋性進一步形成螺旋自組裝形態。這可以提供新的方式來產生螺旋相，不需要再複雜地合成掌性高分子嵌段共聚物。

In this study, the self-assembling behavior and structure-property relationship of stereoregular polymers are investigated. First, the control of nanostructural dimension by crystallization-induced chain stretching was investigated in a novel lamellar double-crystalline syndiotactic poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)-block-poly(L-lactide) (sPMP−PLLA) block copolymer (BCP). The first-crystallized sPMP block was templated by microphase separation and may induce significant stretching of the PLLA chains, resulting in the increase of microdomain thickness of the PLLA block. With the increase of crystallization temperature, this chain stretching may become more significant, resulting in a large increase (~34 %) of the lamellar long period. Second, single, double, and coincident crystallizations under hard or soft confinement are all carried out in a specific designed syndiotactic poly(p-methylstyrene)-block-poly(L-lactide) (sPPMS−PLLA) BCPs. The single crystallization of sPPMS matrix can lead to the disordered arrangement of hexagonally packed PLLA cylinders under soft confinement. In contrast, the lamellar nanostructure is remained unchanged regardless of the PLLA crystallization under hard or soft confinement. Most interestingly, crystallization-induced morphological transitions from the confined mono-sized lamella to the metastable dual-sized lamella and finally to the breakout morphology were first obtained. The dual-sized lamella is attributed to the thermodynamically- and kinetically-controlled nanocrystallite growth templating along the ordered microphase separation. Despite crystalline sequences, the double-crystallized morphologies are determined by the first-crystallized event even though the subsequent crystallization temperature is performed under soft confinement. By the control of interactive confinement, ordered crystalline nanosheets and cylindrical monoliths are obtained, providing a novel means for the fabrication of nanoporous crystalline templates. Third, the self-assembled and crystallization behavior of strongly-segregated isotactic poly(1-butene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (iPB−P2VP) BPCs were examined. Taking advantage of crystallization, lamella-structured iPB−P2VP BCPs could reach the sub-2 nm nanostructure. In addition, cylindrical microdomains of low-Mw iPB−P2VP display 7.6 nm of cylinder diameter. Also, effect of configurational regularity on photoluminescence (PL) properties of photoluminescent polymers was explored. Although these syndiotactic, isotactic, and atactic stereoregular polymers exhibited similar absorption features, their corresponding PL properties were strongly dependent on the stereoregularity. Owing to conformational differences between the syndiotactic and isotactic chains, syndiotacticity-rich and isotacticity-rich polymers could exhibit distinct emissions. As a result, stereoregular polymers having otherwise identical chemical structures can exhibit PL properties that differ based solely on the tacticity of their pendant fluorophore units. Finally, a new approach to generate helical phase superstructures were carried out in achiral polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS−P2VP) BCPs complexed with chiral molecules. The chiral transfer from the attached chiral molecules into the achiral P2VP backbone could result in the helical phase after self-assembly. As a result, this could provide a new methodology to generate the helical phase without the need of complicated synthesis of chiral BCPs.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract v
Contents viii
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xxvi
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Stereoregular Polymers 1
1.1.1 Tacticity 1
1.2 Self-Assembly Block Copolymer 5
1.2.1 Self-Assembly of Stereoregular Block Copolymers 7
1.3 Block Copolymer Self-Assembly for Next-Generation Nanolithography 10
1.3.1 High χ – Low N Block Copolymers 11
1.4 Crystallization of Crystalline−Amorphous Block Copolymers (Semi-Crystalline Block Copolymers) 17
1.4.1 Crystallization Effect on Microphase-Separated Morphology of Semi-Crystalline BCPs 17
1.4.2 Segregation Strength Effect 21
1.4.3 Hard and Soft Confinement/Glass Transition Temperature Effect 23
1.4.4 Crystalline Orientation under Confinement 25
1.5 Crystallization of Crystalline−Crystalline Block Copolymers (Double-Crystalline Block Copolymers) 29
1.5.1 Two-Stage Double Crystallization 30
1.5.2 One-Stage Double Crystallization 33
1.6 Nanoporous Materials from Block Copolymer Precursors 35
1.6.1 Amorphous Nanoporous Template 36
1.6.2 Robust Crystalline Nanoporous Template 39
1.7 Photoluminescence of Polymeric Materials 40
1.7.1 Side-Chain Conjugated Polymers 41
1.7.2 Photoluminescence of Stereoregular Polymers 43
1.8 Chiral Polymer 48
1.8.1 Self-Assembly of Chiral Block Polymer 51
1.9 Tunable Block Copolymer Morphology via Post-Modified 53
1.9.1 Addition of Small Additives 54
1.9.2 Quaternized with Counterions 55
Chapter 2: Objectives 57
Chapter 3: Materials and Experimental Section 60
3.1 Syndiotactic poly(4-methy-1-pentene)-block-poly(L-lactide) (sPMP−PLLA) 60
3.1.1 Materials and Sample Preparation 60
3.1.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 61
3.1.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 62
3.1.4 X-ray Experiments 62
3.2 Syndiotactic poly(p-methylstyrene)-block-poly(L-lactide) (sPPMS−PLLA) 63
3.2.1 Materials and Sample Preparation 63
3.2.2 Fabrication of Nanoporous sPPMS−PLLA 64
3.2.3 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 64
3.2.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 65
3.2.5 Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) 65
3.2.6 X-ray Experiments 66
3.2.7 Normalized 1D correlation function 66
3.3 Isotactic Poly(1-butene)-block-Poly(2-vinylpyridine) (iPB−P2VP) 67
3.3.1 Materials and Sample Preparation 67
3.3.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 69
3.3.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 70
3.3.4 X-ray Experiments 70
3.3.5 Normalized 1D correlation function 71
3.4 Stereoregular poly(9,9-dibutyl-2-(4-vinylphenyl)-9H-fluorene) (PDBVPF) 72
3.4.1 General Procedure 72
3.4.2 Synthesis of 9,9-dibutyl-2-phenyl-9H-fluorene (DBPF) 73
3.4.3 Synthesis of 9,9-dibutyl-2-(4-vinylphenyl)-9H-fluorene (DBVPF) 74
3.4.4 Synthesis of poly(9,9-dibutyl-2-(4-vinylphenyl)-9H-fluorene) (PDBVPF) 74
3.4.5 Polymer Analyses 76
3.4.6 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 77
3.4.7 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 77
3.4.8 Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) Absorption Spectrometry 78
3.4.9 Photoluminescence Spectrometry (PL) 78
3.4.10 Photoinduced Oxidation 78
3.5 Quaternization of Polystyrene-block-Poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS−P2VP) with Chiral Counterion 79
3.5.1 Materials and Sample Preparation 79
3.5.2 Ultra-Small Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS) 80
3.5.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 81
Chapter 4: Results and Discussion 82
4.1 Control of Nanostructural Dimension by Crystallization in a Double-Crystalline Syndiotactic Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)-block-Poly(L-lactide) Block Copolymer 82
4.1.1 Characterization of Double-Crystalline sPMP−PLLA BCP 83
4.1.2 Effect of Sequential Crystallization on Microphase-Separated Morphology. 88
4.1.3 Crystalline Orientation in the Lamellar Nanostructures 105
4.2 Nanoporous Crystalline Templates from Double-Crystalline Block Copolymers by Control of Interactive Confinement 113
4.2.1 Microphase Separation of sPPMS−PLLA BCPs Prior to Crystallization 114
4.2.2 Single Crystallization in sPPMS−PLLA BCPs 120
4.2.3 Two-Stage and Coincident Double Crystallizations 130
4.2.4 Nanoporous Crystalline Templates from Double-Crystalline BCPs 134
4.3 Self-Assembling Sub-2 nm Lamellar Nanostructures using Isotactic Poly(1-butene)-block-Poly(2-vinylpyridine) Stereoregular Block Copolymers 137
4.3.1 Nanostructures of Strong-Segregated iPB−P2VP BCPs 137
4.3.2 Crystalline Lamellar Morphology under Confinement 142
4.3.3 Flory-Huggins Interaction Parameter χ 143
4.3.4 Sub-2 nm Feature Size Based on the Synergistic Cooperation of Microphase Separation and Crystallization 146
4.3.5 Nanostructures of Cylinder-Structured iPB−P2VP BCPs 151
4.4 Tacticity-Controlled Fluorescence in Stereoregular Polymers Featuring Pendant Fluorophores 155
4.4.1 Microstructure and Tacticity Analyses of PDBVPF 156
4.4.2 Thermal Behavior of Stereoregular PDBVPF Polymers 159
4.4.3 Photoluminescence of the Stereoregular PDBVPF Polymers in Dilution Solution 160
4.4.4 Photoluminescence of the Stereoregular PDBVPF Polymers in Concentration Solution 163
4.4.5 Photoluminescence of the Stereoregular PDBVPF Polymers in Thin Film 166
4.5 Nanohelices of Achiral Macromolecules Driven by Chirality Transfer 173
4.5.1 Microphase-Separation of PS−P2VP BCP in Bulk State 173
4.5.2 PS−P2VP Quaternized with Chiral Counterion in Bulk State 174
4.5.3 PS−P2VP Quaternized with Achiral Counterion in Bulk State 176
4.5.4 Effect Initial Morphology on Formation of Nanohelices 177
Chapter 5: Conclusions 180
Chapter 6: References 183
Resume 208

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