本文主要以Yang and Ng所發展的新興古典企業理論為模型，探討中間財線性生產函數在投入固定學習費用後，對分工、交易效率與企業的影響。
模型主要以比較靜態分析的方式，解析投資前、後兩者參數間臨界值範圍縮小，所導致均衡組織結構由自給自足模式往分工模式演進，所形成分工深化與出現不同所有權結構的現象。
經由模型的分析比較可得知，當交易效率與分工水準存在足夠的潛力，只要加以投資，就可利用它支付很多專業的高固定學習費用，創造新專業，使分工水準上升，造就經濟的發展。
然而，由於學習費用的增加係在分工的狀態下產生經濟效益，彰顯並極大化生產效果，故在自給自足的情況下，若沒有群我之間的協同分工合作，則社會福利將無法提高，反而造成經濟生產率的效用損失。
綜上所述，中間財學習費用的投入是促進分工和改進生產力的一種工具，儘管其直接後果可能會降低人均真實報酬，但透過分工的深化與交易效率的改進，最終將能提高人民福利，促進經濟的成長。
本文僅從固定學習費用的觀點，來陳述引理對分工、交易效率和企業的影響，若從其他角度，諸如人口增加或資源短缺的因素來探討，亦可能促進分工和改進生產率，這部份則提供給有興趣研究分工者參考之。

This dissertation modifies the model of Yang and Ng (1995) to investigate the condition of the emergence of the firm from a specialized exchange economy. It is assumed in this dissertation that there are fixed costs involved in the operation of a firm. After taking into account of this factor, I re-examine its effects on the division of labor and the structure of firm following Yang and Ng’s framework.
The model adopts an inframarginal framework to analyze the subject, in which a firm demonstrates diminishing returns, while both the final labor input and the intermediate labor input demonstrates increasing returns defined upon individuals. However, it is assumed that only the final labor input has the economies of specialization.
It is argued in this dissertation that the existence of fixed learning costs may stimulate the economy to undergo structural changes if suitable conditions are met, which are largely related to relative market efficiency between markets.

論文審定書………..………………………………………………….一
謝辭………..………………………………………………….二
中文摘要……………………..………………………………….四
英文摘要……………………..………………………………….五
目錄……………………..………………………………….六
表次……………………..………………………………….七
圖次……………………..………………………………….八
第壹章 緒論…………………………………………………….1
第一節 研究的動機與目的……………………………..1
第二節 研究的方法與限制……………………………..2
第三節 全文架構…………………………………………13
第貳章 理論與文獻回顧…………………………………….…14
第一節 專業化與分工的古典文獻….……………….14
第二節 固定學習費用產生的分工經濟………….….17
第參章 一個具有固定學習費用的企業理論…………….21
第一節 中間投入的經濟效果………………………..21
第二節 含有固定學習費用的企業模型………….…23
第三節 兩模型結構比較靜態分析與企業演化軌跡…33
第肆章 結論……………………………………………….……46
參考文獻…..………………………………………………….…47
數學附錄…..………………………………………………..…..50

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