本研究以汽油引擎動力計分別以不同時速穩態循環(Idling、40 km/hr、70 km/hr、100 km/hr)與不同行車型態(FTP75、NEDC)條件下進行測試，並且添加不同流量氫氣於燃燒室內與汽油進行燃燒，以瞭解添加氫氣輔助汽油引擎燃燒之污染物減量與燃油消耗。

研究發現，怠速測試下，當添加氫氣流量2 lpm -8 lpm，傳統污染物(THC、CO、NOx)排放係數皆呈減量趨勢，其最佳排放減量分別為31.2%、47.4%、29.5%；市區低速行駛(40 km/hr)，於添加氫氣流量4 lpm，傳統污染物(THC、CO)排放係數具較佳減量效果，其最佳削減率為66.8%、92.6%，而NOx呈增加趨勢；郊區高速(70 km/hr)、高速公路(100 km/hr)行駛測試，THC、CO排放係數隨添加氫氣流量增加而減少。

行車型態測試(FTP75、NEDC)方面，其THC、CO平均排放係數皆隨添加氫氣流量增加(0.6 lpm、1.2 lpm)而下降；而NOx平均排放係數則於添加氫氣流量為0.6 lpm，具較佳減量效果。

評估於不同時速穩態測試下添加氫氣之燃油消耗，其中以代怠速行駛狀態，其燃油減量效果最佳為42.2%，而當時速70 km/hr與100 km/hr行駛狀態下，其燃油減量效果不明顯。FTP75與NEDC車型態測試結果亦顯示，添加氫氣對於油耗減量效果不甚明顯。

The emission tests in a dynamometer were conducted under the steady-state cycle condition with different vehicle speeds (Idling, 40 km/hr, 70 km/hr and 100 km/hr) and two driving cycles (FTP75 and NEDC) in a gasoline engine using different inflow rate of hydrogen for understanding the reduction of pollutants and fuel consumption.

Experimental results showed that the emission factors of traditional pollutants (THC, CO and NOx) decreased with the increasing of hydrogen flow rate (2 lpm-8 lpm) at the idling cycle test. For the low-speed urban driving (40 km/hr), results showed the reductions of pollutants were comparatively better at the 4 lpm of H2, and the best reduction percentages were 66.8%, 92.6%; but NOx emission increased. For the high-speed suburban (70 km/hr) and highway (100 km/hr) driving tests, the emission factors of THC and CO reduced while H2 increased.

For the driving cycle tests (FTP75 and NEDC), the average emission factors of THC and CO reduced with the increasing of H2 (0.6 lpm and 1.2 lpm), and emission factor of NOx reduced at the 0.6 lpm of H2.

The consumption of gasoline reduced by 42.2% at idling test when H2 was added. However, the reduction of fuel consumption was insignificant under the speed of 70 km/hr and 100 km/hr. Results of driving cycle tests under FTP75 and NEDC procedures also indicated that reduction of fuel consumption was insignificant with the addition of H2.

謝誌 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 vi
圖目錄 xi
表目錄 xv
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目標 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1能源概況 3
2.1.1現今能源概況 3
2.1.2氫氣之發展 6
2.1.3氫氣之基本特性 6
2.1.4氫氣之生成反應與種類 9
2.1.5氫氣於內燃機中之燃燒特性 14
2.1.6氫氣雙燃料車使用現況 16
2.2各國標準行車型態 18
2.2.1行車型態定義 18
2.2.2美國環保局聯邦測試程序行車型態(FTP75) 19
2.2.3新歐洲經濟聯盟行車型態(NEDC) 21
2.2.4日本行車型態 24
2.2.5台灣標準運轉型態 26
2.3汽油引擎及其排放特徵 28
2.3.1汽油引擎運轉方式 28
2.3.2引擎設定及操作條件控制對污染物排放之特徵 31
2.3.3污染物排放特徵及健康危害性 36
第三章 研究方法 41
3.1研究架構與流程 41
3.2實驗規劃採樣程序 42
3.2.1汽油油品 42
3.2.2實車動力計系統(Chassis dynamometer system) 44
3.2.3汽油實車測試系統 45
3.2.4穩態測試 46
3.2.5行車型態測試 48
3.3行車型態採樣程序與步驟 51
3.3.1汽油車輛之排放污染測試步驟 51
3.3.2行車型態測試步驟 52
3.4現場採樣 54
3.5採樣設備 55
3.5.1汽油引擎 55
3.5.2氫氣機 56
3.5.3傳統氣狀污染物量測 58
第四章 結果與討論 60
4.1汽油引擎於穩態測試條件下Φ值之量測 60
4.2以不同氫氣流量於不同時速穩態下測試，對傳統污染物之排放係數 62
4.1.1 怠速(Idling)實車測試 64
4.1.2市區低速(40 km/hr)行駛測試 67
4.1.3郊區高速(70 km/hr)行駛測試 70
4.1.4高速公路(100 km/hr)行駛測試 73
4.3穩態測試之引擎耗油量 75
4.4以不同氫氣流量於不同行車型態下測試，對傳統污染物之排放特徵趨勢 77
4.4.1 NEDC行車型態測試 77
4.4.2 FTP75行車型態測試 84
4.5以不同氫氣流量於不同行車型態下測試，對汽油引擎傳統污染物之平均排放係數 89
4.5.1 NEDC行車型態平均排放係數 90
4.5.2 FTP75 行車型態平均排放係數 93
4.6以添加不同氫氣流量於不同行車型態測試下之平均燃油消耗 96
4.6.1 NEDC平均燃油消耗率 97
4.6.2 FTP75平均燃油消耗率 99
第五章 結論與建議 101
5.1 結論 101
5.1.1 穩態測試 101
5.1.2行車型態測試 102
5.2 建議 104
參考文獻 105

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