由於串聯電池組中各個電池的充放電特性並不一致，充電時易造成電池電量的不平衡，因而縮短電池的壽命，甚至損害電池。為了延長電池使用壽命，電池組之充電器需具備平衡充電的功能。本文針對串聯電池組提出以降升壓式轉換器為基礎的平衡充電電路架構。串聯電池組中的每一電池都配屬一降升壓式轉換器，當其電量較高時，可將能量釋出，重新分配給其它電量較低的電池，有效地緩和電池組的不平衡狀態。
為了達成複雜且精確的控制策略，平衡充電電路係採數位訊號處理器配合感測與介面電路，隨時監測各個電池電壓的變化，計算電池電壓與平均電壓的差異，致動附屬之降升壓式轉換器，控制轉換器之導通率，調節所欲釋放之能量，避免電池之過度充電，達到電壓平衡的目的。由於採數位軟體控制，可減少硬體電路設計的複雜度，並藉由程式或參數的修改，更容易達到系統維護和彈性運用之目標。
本文以一個由四顆12V鉛酸電池串聯之電池組作為設計案例，藉以說明平衡充電電路的動作原理及工作模式，闡釋控制策略，並由實驗結果，驗證此平衡充電電路架構的可行性。

Due to the differences in batteries of a series-connected battery bank, the restored capacity in each battery may not be the same when being charged. In order to extend battery cycle life, the charger for the battery bank must have the capability of charging equalization. This thesis proposes a non-dissipative balance charging circuit based on buck-boost topology for a series-connected battery bank. Each battery in a battery bank is associated with a buck-boost converter. This topology can efficiently alleviate the unbalance of charge among batteries by taking off the charge from the affluently charged batteries and then allotting to those insufficient ones.
To accomplish this complicated and accurate control, a digital signal processor (DSP) with sensors and interface circuits is adopted. It monitors the variations of battery voltages, activates the associated buck-boost converter, and adjusts the duty ratio of the converter to regulate the energy to be released. In virtue of the adoption of digital control kernel, the control circuit can be simple and the control flexibility can be favored.
A battery bank with four series connected lead-acid batteries is used for illustrating the operating behavior and describing the operation modes of the balance charging circuit. The results of experiments convincingly advocate the applicability of the proposed approach.

第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究動機及目的 2
1-3 本文大綱 8
第二章 鉛酸電池的介紹 9
2-1 電池的構造及化學反應 9
2-2 電池的充放電特性 13
2-3 容量與殘(電)量偵測 15
2-4 電池的等效電路模型 19
2-4-1 利用電路元件構成模型 20
2-4-2 電氣特性行為模型 22
2-5 充電策略 22
2-6 充電過程的控制 26
第三章 平衡充電電路 28
3-1 電路架構 28
3-1-1 充電電路 29
3-1-2 平衡充電電路 32
3-2 平衡電路設計分析 39
3-3 電路參數設計 45
第四章 控制電路及軟體設計 49
4-1 控制電路 49
4-2 軟體規劃設計 54
第五章 實驗量測 59
5-1 電路參數設計 59
5-2 實驗量測 60
5-2-1 平衡副電路動作量測 60
5-2-2 平衡充電 65
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 72
參考文獻 74
附錄 TMS320LF2407PGEA介紹 77

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