摘要
本研究是KEEP III(黑潮與東海陸棚交換過程研究 III)計劃的一部份。兩串列沉積物收集器分別在北棉花峽谷出口附近海槽(T15)和南沖繩海槽南緣(T16)進行錨碇。其目的是要在不同深度收集沉降顆粒物質，以便分析其顆粒通量、210Pb活度及通量和粒徑分佈在時空上的變化。T15及T16兩錨碇站在相同時間不同深度所收集的時序顆粒通量顯示有同步的變化。一般而言，顆粒通量在邊緣海地區都是隨著深度的增加而增加，但有時其極大值並非在最深處而是在中深度且能維持錨碇全程，如T15及T16所見。有些時序顆粒通量會同時出現不尋常的高值，可能是由偶發事件，如颱風、暴潮等所引起。
T15及T16在不同深度的210Pb活度，大致伴隨著顆粒通量由淺至深逐漸增加。在時序相對變化上，210Pb活度的變化幅度一般皆比顆粒通量的變化幅度小。位於峽谷出口附近海槽的T15，其時序平均顆粒通量變化範圍為0.16-3.3g/m2/d(~20倍)，而時序平均活度變化範圍為98-168dpm/g(<2倍)；位於南沖繩海槽南緣的T16，其時序平均顆粒通量變化範圍為0.06-5.7g/m2/d(~100倍)，而時序平均210Pb活度變化範圍為82-192dpm/g(>2倍)。
沉降顆粒的210Pb通量，T15比T16小，主要是因為T15的顆粒通量較T16小所造成。峽谷(T1-T3)內的沉降顆粒主要由粉砂和砂所組成，而沖繩海槽(T15和T16)附近所收集的沉降顆粒大部份由粉砂和泥所組成。210Pb之活度則前者遠較後者為低，顯示210Pb富集於細顆粒上。遠離陸地的細顆粒物質因其水中駐留的時間較長，210Pb能有效地被清除。

Abstract
The research was conducted as a part of the phase III of the KEEP(Kuroshio Edge Exchange Processes)program. Two strings of sediment traps were deployed simultaneously: one near the outlet of North Mien-Hua Canyon (T15), and the other at the south rim of the South Okinawa Trough (T16). The purposes are to collect settling particulates at various depths for the studies of temporal and spatial variations of the particulate flux, 210Pb activity, 210Pb flux and size distribution. The particulate fluxes showed synchronous variations among the traps deployed at different depths of the same site. In general, the particulate flux in the marginal sea areas increases with depth but the maximum values may be at the mid-depth rather than at the deepest trap and remain so for the entire mooring period as observed at T15 and T16. Unusually high particulate fluxes could occur within the same period, probably reflecting an episodic event, such as typhoon or rain storm.
210Pb activity measured from different depths at T15 and T16 increases generally with depth along with the increase of the particulate flux toward the bottom. The temporal variation of 210Pb activity is generally smaller than that of the particulate flux in terms of relative amplitude. At the outlet of the canyon, T15, the temporal mean particulate flux of each trap ranged from 0.16 to 3.3 g/m2/d(a factor of ~ 20), while the mean 210Pb activity of each trap varied from about 98 to 168 dpm/g. At T16 located at the south rim of the South Okinawa Trough, the temporal mean particulate flux ranged from 0.06 to 5.7 g/m2/d(a factor of ~ 100), while the mean 210Pb activity varied from 82 to 192 dpm/g.
The particulate 210Pb flux was smaller at T15 than at T16 because T15 has smaller particulate flux. The trapped particulates in the canyon(T1-T3) are mostly silt and sand, while the particulates collected from the Okinawa Trough(T15, T16) are mainly silt and clay. The 210Pb activity of the former is much lower than that of the latter, indicating the enrichment of 210Pb on the fine particulates. As the fine-grained particulates away from landmass have longer residence time in the ambient water, they can scavenge 210Pb more effectively.

目錄
頁次
誌謝……………………………………………………………………………...I
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………..II
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………….III
目錄………………………………………………………………………..……V
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………...VII
表目錄…………………………………………………………………….….VIII
壹、緒論………………………………………………………………..1
貳、材料及方法……………………………………………………….3
一、 錨碇及採樣……………………………………………………3
二、 沉積物收集器…………………………………………………7
三、 沉積物收集器的應用………………..……………………….9
四、 沉積物收集器的採樣誤差….……………………………...12
五、 保存劑和毒劑之使用……………………………………….14
六、 前處理步驟…………………………………………………..15
七、 上清液之分析……………………………………………….
八、 樣品的處理與計測……………………………...…………..18
參、結果與討論………………………………………………………23
一、顆粒通量……………………………………………………..23
二、210Pb活度…………………………………………………….45
三、210Pb活度和顆粒通量的關係……………………………..55
四、210Pb通量和顆粒通量的關係……………………………..57
五、粒徑與210Pb活度………………………………………..…59
肆、結論…………………………………………………………..…..62
　　伍、參考文獻………………………………………………….……..63

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