本文提出一可適用於有限元素法分析的體熱源模式，模擬銲接過程中之雷射熱能鎖定效應，並配合實驗數據，建立脈衝雷射能量與體熱源參數間之關係式。脈衝雷射銲接過程中，依其熱傳形式可分成低功率的表面熱傳與高功率區的之鎖孔熱傳兩種模式。兩者係以雷射功率密度是否超過臨界功率密度而定。此臨界功率密度則依銲接材料而定。小於此臨界功率密度之脈衝雷射銲接模式，其熱傳機制主要屬表面熱傳導模式。當雷射其功率密度大於臨界功率密度之分佈區域，於銲域熱熔過程中，除了表面熱傳外，更需要考慮鎖孔造成之高效率熱傳模式。文中利用Marc有限元素軟體，配合提出之體熱源熱傳分析模式，探討脈衝式Nd:YAG雷射對S304L不銹鋼進行熔燒時，其熔域溫度場、熔池形狀與銲後殘留應力分佈變化。並進行脈衝間隔時間、銲點間距及雷射功率密度對銲後殘留應力影響之分析。數值分析與實驗比照結果，均顯示所提出之體熱源鎖孔熱傳分析模式，能準確預估脈衝雷射熔池形狀，並藉此分析結果探討銲後殘留應力分佈之影響。脈衝間隔距離與時間，均為極敏感的參數。相同脈衝雷射能量與銲點間距條件下，脈衝間隔時間長短將嚴重影響銲域殘留應力分佈。研究結果顯示，於單點雙脈衝雷射銲接中，其脈衝間隔時間越長，銲點表面之殘留應力越小。多點銲接之銲點間距越小、銲點間隔時間越長，銲點表面之殘留應力越小。

A volumetric heat source finite element model is proposed to simulate the key hole effect during the Nd:YAG pulse laser welding. The measured data has been used to correlate the volumetric model parameters and the laser parameters. The laser power distributed in the beam cross area is in a Gaussian type. Two heat transfer models are employed in the fusion area, i.e the surface absorption heat transfer model in the low power intensity region and the keyhole heat transfer model in the high power intensity region. An experimentally measured critical power intensity is introduced to identify the occurrence of keyhole effect. The value of critical power intensity is dependent on the welding material. A series of MARC finite element simulations based on the proposed single pulse model are performed to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of this proposed pulse laser welding model. Different power and welding duration pulse laser have used to weld the S304L specimens. The results indicate a good agreement between the simulated and measured shape and size of the weld pool with different laser energy intensities. The validity of the proposed model is confirmed for the S304L steel. The temperature and residual stress distributions around the welding pool in a continuous pulse welding and two sheet overlap welding have also been studied by using the proposal model. The numerical results indicate that the pulse energy, duration and dwell period may affect the residual stress distribution and post-weld deformation significantly. All these results reveal that the proposed volumetric heat source finite element model is a feasible model to analyze the welding phenomena during the pulse laser welding. The results indicate that the pulse dwell period increase in dual pulse laser welding the residual stress decrease on the top of the weld spot surface. The results also show the lower residual stress in multi spots pulse laser welding with smaller weld spots center pitch and weld spot dwell period.

論文審定書 i
謝 誌 ii
摘 要 iii
Abstract iv
目 錄 i
圖目錄 iii
表目錄 vii
符號說明 viii
第 1 章 緒 論 10
1.1 前言 14
1.2 研究動機及方法 16
1.3 文獻回顧 17
1.4 組織章節 21
第 2 章 雷射銲域熱傳理論分析模式之建立 22
2.1 雷射熱源高斯分佈 22
2.2 鎖孔分析模式 23
2.3 有限元素分析 27
2.3.1 有限元素模型建立 27
第 3 章 雷射銲域實驗設置與分析比較 30
3.1 實驗設置 30
3.2 光腰量測 35
3.3 功率密度與穿透深度 37
3.4 鎖孔效應 40
3.5 金相實驗 42
第 4 章 單層銲域分析 46
4.1 單脈衝單點單層銲域分析 46
4.2 雙脈衝單點單層銲域分析 50
4.3 單脈衝單點單層殘留應力分佈 54
4.4 雙脈衝單點單層殘留應力分佈 57
第 5 章 雙層銲域分析 60
5.1 溫度場分析 60
5.1.1 單脈衝銲域比較 60
5.2 雙脈衝銲域及溫度場分佈 63
5.3 殘留應力分析 73
5.3.1 單點單脈衝 73
5.3.2 單點雙脈衝 82
5.3.3 三點單脈衝 101
5.3.4 不同銲接順序之殘留應力 108
第 6 章 總 結 115
6.1 結論 115
6.2 未來工作 117
參考文獻 118

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