具旋轉能力的指向性感測器(rotatable and directional sensor,簡稱為R&D感測器)是一種特殊類型的無線感測器,這一類的感測器不但擁有扇形的感測面積,同 時也具有旋轉的性能;藉由定期旋轉並感測特定目標,我們可以達到暫時覆蓋 (temporal coverage)的效果。當一個目標物滿足δi時間覆蓋時,代表該目標在一個旋轉感測週期內,被R&D感測器偵測到至少δi比例的時間,而δi值介於零到一之 間。在給定多種不同δi需求的感測目標物,本篇碩士論文定義一個R&D感測器的佈署問題(稱為GRSD 問題),此問題的目標是使用最少數量的R&D感測器,讓所 有目標物都能滿足其感測時間的需求;我們並證明此問題屬於NP-hard,再根據目 標的分佈與δi值提出一個有效率的佈署感測器方法。藉由多次的模擬與其它方法 做比較,我們驗證所提出的演算法可以有效節省R&D感測器的使用數量,並從而 大幅降!低網路的佈署成本。

Rotatable and directional (R&D) sensors are wireless sensors that have the sector-like coverage range and rotation capability. These sensors can provide temporal coverage of objects by periodically rotating to monitor them. An object is called δi-time covered if it can be monitored by R&D sensor(s) for at least δi portion of a period, where 0 < δi ≤ 1. Given a set of heterogeneous objects that have different δi-time covered requirements, the paper formulates a generalized R&D sensor deployment (GRSD) problem, which determines how to deploy the minimum number of R&D sensors to satisfy the coverage requirement of each object. We prove that the GRSD problem is NP-hard and develop an efficient heuristic to deploy R&D sensors based on the distribution and δi values of objects. Extensive simulation results show that our GRSD heuristic can save more sensors compared with other methods, which significantly reduces the deployment cost of R&D sensor networks.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
圖目錄 vi
第 一 章 導論 1
1.1 無線感測網路之簡介 1
1.2 論文動機 2
1.3 論文貢獻與章節架構 4
第 二 章 相關背景與研究 5
2.1 全向性感測網路之時間性覆蓋 5
2.2 全向性感測網路之佈署方法 7
2.3 全向性感測網路之覆蓋與佈署方法 8
第 三 章 GRSD 問題定義 10
3.1 網路模型與假設 10
3.2 NP-hardness證明 12
第 四 章 研究方法 14
4.1 演算法架構 14
4.2 演算法細節 15
第 五 章 模擬與分析 26
5.1 模擬環境與參數設定 26
5.2 模擬結果與分析 28
5.2.1 不同目標數之影響 28
5.2.2 不同sector 角度之影響 34
5.2.3 不同 δi 值之影響 39
第 六 章 結論與未來研究方向 40
參考文獻 41

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